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Guaitarilla Moncayo, D. F., Muñoz Gómez, C. A., & Apraez Muñoz, J. J. (2026). Impact of leachate from the Antanas Environmental Technology Park on the toxicity of the Bermúdez River, Nariño Department, Colombia. Luna Azul, (62), 91–113. https://doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2025.62.6
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Abstract
Introduction: The discharge of treated leachate from the Antanas Environmental Technology Park (PTAA) into the Bermúdez River represents a potential source of pollution that may alter water quality and affect aquatic ecosystems in the department of Nariño. Objective: To evaluate the impact of treated leachate from the PTAA on the toxicity and water quality of the Bermúdez River, determining its effect on bioindicator organisms and physicochemical parameters. Materials and methods: Samples were collected at two points along the river (150 m upstream and 100 m downstream of the discharge) during the rainy season, analyzing physicochemical parameters, the water quality index (WQI), and toxicity bioassays using Allium cepa L. and Daphnia magna. Tests for normality and homoscedasticity were applied, as well as a regression model to calculate the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) and toxicity units (TU). Results: An increase in pH (5.87%), apparent color (23.35%), total alkalinity (44.38%), and BOD₅ (47.21%) was observed downstream, along with an increase in chromium (17.86%). The IC50 decreased from 50.9 (moderately toxic) to 38.89 (toxic), as confirmed by D. magna. The ICA rose from 285.35 to 305.09, classifying the water as “very poor” and “unsuitable for human activities.” Conclusion: Treated leachates from the PTAA increase toxicity and degrade the water quality of the Bermúdez River, demonstrating a significant environmental impact that requires urgent control and monitoring measures.
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