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Betancur J., L. A., Ocampo C., R., & Rios V., L. A. (2015). La problemática del endosulfán: aspectos químicos, analíticos y ambientales. Luna Azul, (40), 293–313. https://doi.org/10.17151/10.17151/luaz.2015.40.19
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Introducción. Dado el carácter residual y el alto nivel de toxicidad del endosulfán, se ha incrementado la preocupación a nivel mundial por su impacto ambiental. Por eso la búsqueda de metodologías analíticas que permitan su detección y cuantificación es un tema de investigación vigente. Las propiedades del endosulfán y su patrón de degradación le confieren características que hacen muy compleja la problemática, al tiempo que el pesticida y sus metabolitos se expanden extensivamente por la atmósfera y contaminan tanto matrices lipofílicas como hidrofílicas. Objetivo. Llevar a cabo una revisión sobre las investigaciones más recientes acerca de la problemática del endosulfán, que incluye aspectos químicos, su problemática ambiental y técnicas inmunoquímicas para su análisis, tema en el que ha estado interesado nuestro grupo de investigación en la Universidad de Caldas. Método. El presente artículo de revisión analiza, cualitativamente, la literatura científica disponible en las bases de datos Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo y páginas Web oficiales, empleando como palabras de búsqueda: endosulfán, haptenos, análisis inmunoquímico del endosulfán, problemática ambiental del endosulfán, regulaciones internacionales sobre el endosulfán, normatividad vigente sobre el endosulfán, y métodos instrumentales de análisis. Resultados. Se obtuvo información pertinente relacionada con el objetivo propuesto, la cual se presenta en 3 secciones: aspectos químicos del endosulfán, problemática ambiental y técnicas inmoquímicas para su análisis. Conclusión. El endosulfán ha sido prohibido por los organismos internacionales. Sin embargo, el pesticida se continúa usando en algunos países y éste se difunde fácilmente hacia otras regiones, de tal manera que se ha convertido en un problema global. Hay investigaciones recientes sobre métodos de remediación química o biológica, pero los esfuerzos son modestos frente a la enorme problemática de este pesticida. En lo pertinente a análisis químicos de endosulfán, en los últimos 15 años se han investigado técnicas inmunoquímicas de análisis (basadas en haptenos), como alternativa a los métodos cromatográficos instrumentales.
Palabras clave:
análisis inmunoquímico del endosulfán
problemática ambiental del endosulfán
regulaciones internacionales sobre el endosulfán
normatividad vigente sobre el endosulfán
métodos instrumentales de análisis
endosulfan immunochemical analysis
endosulfan environmental problematic
endosulfan international regulations
Citas
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El Bakouri, H., Morillo, J., Usero, J. & Ouassini, A. (2008). Potential use of organic waste substances as an ecological technique to reduce pesticide ground water contamination. Journal of Hydrology, 353, 335-342.
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