Uso de los biomarcadores en la evaluación de la contaminación

Resumen

Cada día es más difícil evaluar la salud de un ecosistema debido a la gran cantidad y diversidad de xenobióticos que son introducidos en ellos. Es por eso, que en las últimas dos décadas se ha incrementado el uso de biomarcadores para la evaluación y monitoreo de los ecosistemas. Un biomarcador es una respuesta funcional, fisiológica o bioquímica al nivel celular o interacciones moleculares que un organismo, una población o una comunidad  efleja frente a un peligro potencial, el cual puede ser químico, físico o biológico. El biomarcador representa una señal integrada del nivel de contaminación de una determinada zona y, por consiguiente, constituye un indicador del nivel de riesgo toxicológico al que puede ser sometida una determinada población natural. No obstante, para que sea efectiva una evaluación ambiental o un programa de biomonitoreo, se deberán utilizar múltiples biomarcadores que describan los síntomas que sugieren la relación causa-efecto para una especie.

Palabras clave:

Biomarcadores

respuestas fisiológicas

ecotoxicología

contaminación

monitoreo

biomarkers

physiological responses

ecotoxicology

pollution

monitoring

Citas

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