Cuestionamientos éticos relacionados con la terapia génica para el tratamiento de enfermedades hereditarias

Resumen

La introducción de secuencias genéticas exógenas denominadas transgenes se denomina terapia génica, y tiene el propósito de corregir alteraciones genotípicas o fenotípicas en el organismo humano. Esta terapia puede realizarse en células somáticas o en células germinales; los cuestionamientos éticos relacionados con la terapia génica somática tienen que ver básicamente con los riesgos potenciales para la salud y el consentimiento informado, mientras que la terapia génica en células germinales tiene el potencial de afectar permanentemente a futuras generaciones de personas. Debido a que la terapia génica involucra mucho más que la simple alteración de las secuencias genéticas, esta revisión presenta los principales problemas éticos asociados con la terapia génica para enfermedades hereditarias.

Palabras clave:

Terapia génica

consideraciones éticas

enfermedades hereditarias

gene therapy

ethical issues

inherited diseases

Citas

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