Consequences of non-appearance before the international court of justice: debate and developments in relation to the case Nicaragua vs. Colombia

Resumo

The article analyzes the non-appearance before the International Court of Justice motivated by the turbulent reception by the Colombian Government of the 2012 and 2016 sentences of the I.C.J in the cases between Nicaragua and Colombia, with the objective of establishing the consequences of such conduct. Methodologically, the jurisprudence that has applied Article 53 of the Statute, and the different consequences of nonappearance in cases before the Court are studied. Through an analysis of
jurisprudence the document discusses the nature of non-appearance, its effects on the sentence, the agents, the applicable law, the evidence and the procedure, to conclude that, although non-appearance is a behavior allowed to the State Parties, it is in general detrimental to its procedural interests, its defense of the case and the administration of international justice as a system, especially in such technical cases as those related to maritime delimitation and liability in relation to alleged violations of sovereign rights and maritime spaces.

Referências

Alvarez, J. (2013). What are International Judges for? The Main Functions of International Adjudication. In C. Romano, The Oxford Handbook of International Adjudication (pp. 158 – 178).

Arévalo-Ramírez, W. (2013). El Fallo sobre San Andrés: El debate de la supremacía del derecho internacional, la obligatoriedad del fallo y el derecho interno constitucional colombiano. In V. Authors, Contribución de la Universidad del Rosario al Debate sobre el Fallo de La Haya (p. 98). Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad del Rosario.

Bekker, P. (2010). Diffusion of Law: The International Court of Justice as a court of transnational justice. In R. Dolzeret, Making Transnational Law Work in the Global Economy: Essays in Honour of Detlev Vagts. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Cronin-Furman, K.R. (2006). The International Court of Justice and the United Nations Security Council: Rethinking a Complicated Relationship. Columbia Law Review, 435-463.

Devaney, J. (2016). Fact-finding before the International Court of Justice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.

Dubuisson, M. (1964). La Cour Internationale de Justice. Paris, France: LGDJ.

Eisemann, P.M. (1973). Les effets de la non-comparution devant la Cour Internationale de Justice. Annuaire Français de Droit International 19(1), 351-375.

Elkind, J.B. (1984). Non-appearance before the International Court of Justice: functional and comparative analysis (Vol. 4). Leiden, Nederland: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Fenwick, C. (1951). He Order of the International Court of Justice in the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Case. American Journal of International Law, 45(4), 723-727.

Fry, J. (2010). Non-Participation in the International Court of Justice Revisited: Change or Plus ÇaChange? Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 49, 35-74.

Goldsmith, J. (2005). The limits of international law. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Hernández, G. (2012). Impartiality and Bias at the International Court of Justice. Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law, 1, 183.

I.C.J. (1949). Affaire du Détroit de Corfou (fixation dumontant des réparations, arrêt, C.I.J. Recueil 1949.

I.C.J. (1949). Corfu Channel. (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland v. Albania) Order of 19 November 1949 Assessment of the amount of compensation due from the People’s Republic of Albania: Appointment of Expert, Reports 1949.

I.C.J. (1973). United Kingdom v. Iceland, Jurisdiction of the Court, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1973.

I.C.J. (1974). Fisheries Jurisdiction (United Kingdom v. New Zealand), Merits, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1974.

I.C.J. (1986). Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America). Merits, Judgment. I.C.J. Reports 1986.

I.C.J. (1978). Plateau continental de la mer Egée, arrêt, C. I. J. Recueil 1978.

Jesus, J.L. (2012). Judges ad hoc in the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. In H. Hestermeyer (Ed.), Coexistence, Cooperation and Solidarity: Liber Amicorum Rüdiger Wolfrum (p. 1661). Nederland: Brill Academic Publishers.

Kohen, M. (2010). Judicial Settlement of Interstate Disputes. Non-appearance (Class materials). Geneva, Switzerland: Graduate Institute.

Kokott, J. (1998). The burden of proof in comparative and international human rights law: civil and common law approaches with special reference to the American and German legal systems (Vol. 3). Leiden, Nederland: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Kolb, R. (2013). The International Court of Justice. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Lachs, M. (1992). Some Reflections on the Nationality of Judges of the International Court of Justice. Pace Yearbook of International Law, 4, 61. 68.

Lamm, V. (1986). Some remarks about non appearance before the International Court of Justice. Questions of International Law: Hungarian Perspectives, 3, 11-100.

Lamm, V. (2014). Compulsory jurisdiction in international law. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Lauterpacht, E. (2010). The Role of the International law. In Bruylant (Ed.), Le Procés International: Liber Amicorum Jean-Pierre Cot (pp. 185.192). France: Bruylant.

Lauterpacht, H. (1933). The Function of Law in the International Community. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.

Meyer, H. (2002). The World Court in action: judging among the nations. Lanham, US: Rowman & Littlefield.

Oraison, A. (1998). Reflexions sur l’Institution du Juge ad hoc siégeant au Tribunal du Palais de la Paixen Séance Plénière ou en Chambre ad hoc. Revue Belgique de Droit International, 31, 271, 284.

Paulson, C. (2004). Compliance with final judgments of the International Court of Justice since 1987. American Journal of International Law, 98(3), 434-461.

Peck, C. (1997). Increasing the Effectiveness of the International Court of Justice: Proceedings of the ICJ/UNITAR Colloquium to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Court. ICJ/UNITAR.

Pellet, A. (2013). The Case Law of the ICJ in Investment Arbitration. ICSID review, 28(2), 223-240.

Posner, E. (2004). The Decline of the International Court of Justice. U Chicago Law & Economics Olin Working Paper, 233.

Quintana, J.J. (2015). Litigation at the International Court of Justice: Practice and Procedure. Leiden, Nederland: Brill.

Reisman, M. (1989). Respecting One’s Own Jurisprudence: A Plea to the International Court of Justice. The American Journal of International Law, 83(2), 312-317.

Rosenne, S. (2006). The Law and Practice of the International Court, 1920–2005 (4th ed.). Leiden, Nederland: Martinus Nijhoff.

Sarzo, M. (2017). Res judicata, Jurisdiction rationemateriae and Legal Reasoning in the Dispute between Nicaragua and Colombia before the International Court of Justice. The Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, 16(2), 224-244.

Schwebel, S. M. (1999). National Judges and Judges Ad Hoc of the International Court of Justice. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 48(4), 889-900.

Scobbie, I. (2005). “Une hérésie en matière judiciaire”? The Role of the Judge ad hoc in the International Court. The Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, 4(3), 421-464.

Singh, N. (1989). The Role and Record of the International Court of Justice. Leiden, Nederland: Martinus Nijhoff.

Suh, I.R. (1969). Voting Behavior of National Judges in International Courts. American Journal of International Law, 63(2), 224, 230.

Tanzi, A. (1995). Problems of Enforcement of Decisions of the International Court of Justice and the Law

Thierry, H. (2000). Au Sujet de Juge ad hoc. In J. Barberis (Ed.), Liber Amicorum ‘In Memoriam’ of Judge Jose María Ruda (pp. 285-288). Leiden, Nederland: Martinus Nijhoff.

Valticos, N. (1977). L’évolution de la notion de juge ad hoc. Revue Hellénique du Droit International, 50.

Vega-Barbosa, G. (May 16, 2016). The Admissibility of a Claim of Continental Shelf Rights Beyond 200nm Before an International Tribunal Absent a Recommendation by the CLCS: A Few Words About the ICJ’s 2016 Judgment in Nicaragua v. Colombia. Retrieved from www.ejiltalk.org/author/gvegabarbosa/.

Zimmermann, A. (2012). Karin Oellers-Frahm, and Christian J. Tams. The Statute of the International Court of justice: A commentary. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.