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Urueña Sánchez, M. I. . (2021). El Derecho Internacional, la regulación de las Compañías Militares y de Seguridad Privada (CMSP) y el mercenarismo: análisis, falencias y dinámicas. Jurídicas, 18(1), 248–266. https://doi.org/10.17151/jurid.2021.18.1.15
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Mario Iván Urueña Sánchez
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Resumen
El objetivo del presente artículo es el de realizar un análisis multinivel de los diferentes tipos de fuentes del derecho internacional sobre el tema de las Compañías Militares y de Seguridad Privada (CMSP) y del mercenarismo. Para tal efecto se realizará una investigación documental que dé cuenta del debate actual sobre el derecho internacional y estos nuevos actores. Con ello se pretende demostrar que las dinámicas políticas y hegemónicas del sistema internacional determinan el derecho internacional en varios niveles para
hacerlo ambiguo e incapaz de regular a las CMSP.
Palabras clave:
Citas
Adams, T. K. (2002). Private Military Companies: Mercenaries of the 21st Century. Small Wars and Insurgencies, 13(2), 54-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09592310208559181
Avant, D. (2013). Private Security. In P. D. Williams, Security Studies (pp. 425-438). Nueva York: Routledge.
Barnes, D. M. (2013). Should Private Security Companies be Employed for Counterinsurgency Operations? Journal of Military Ethics, 12(3), 201-224. DOI: 10.1080/15027570.2013.847535
Bosch, S. (2007). Private security contractors and internartional humanitarian law -a skirmish for recognition in international armed conflicts-. African Security, 16(4), 34-52. DOI: 10.1080/10246029.2007.9627443
Brooks, D. (2000). Messiahs or mercenaries? The future of international private military services. International Peacekeeping, 7(4), 129-144. DOI: 10.1080/13533310008413867
Cano-Linares, M. Á. (2008). El derecho internacional humanitario frente al uso de la fuerza como actividad empresarial ¿El fin de un monopolio? Anuario Derecho, XXIV, 47-77. https://hdl.handle. net/10171/21629
de Nevers, R. (2009). Private Security Companies and the Laws of War. Security Dialogue, 40 2), 169-190. DOI: 10.1177/0967010609103076
Ellington, S. (2011). The Rise of Battlefield Private Contractors. Public Imtegrity, 13(2), 131-148. DOI: 10.2753/PIN1099-9922130203
Elsea, J. K. (2009). Private Security Contractors in Iraq: Background, Legal Status and others issues. In R. M. Quigly, Military Contractors: Legal Status, Oversight and Security (pp. 37-72). Nueva York: Nova Science Publishers.
Ettinger, A. (2014). After the gold rush: Corporate Warriors and The Market of Force Revisited. International Journal, 69(4), 559-569. DOI: 10.1177/0967010614521266
Faite, A. (2004). Involvement of private contractors in armed conflict: implications under international humanitarian law. Defence Studies, 4(2), 166-183. DOI: 10.1080/1470243042000325887
Huskey, K. A. (2012). Accountability for Private Military and Security Contractors in the International Legal Regime. Criminal Justice Ethics, 3(13), 193-212. DOI: 10.1080/0731129X.2012.737169
Jackson, P. (2002). War is too serious to be left to military men: Private companies, combat and regulation. Civil Wars, 5(4), 30-55. DOI: 10.1080/13698240208402516
Jorge Urbina, J. (2015). Actores no estatales y externalización de las funciones militares en los conflictos armados: los contratistas privados ante el derecho internacional humanitario. ACDI, 41-85. DOI: 10.12804/acdi8.1.2015.02
Kinsey, C. (2003). Le droit international et le controle des mercenaires et des compagnies militaires privées. Cultures & conflits, 52, 2-16. http://conflits.revues.org/981
Kinsey, C. (2005a). Challenging international law: a dilemma of private security companies. Conflict, Security & Development, 5(3), 269-293. DOI: 10.1080/14678800500344515
Kinsey, R. (2005b). Regulations and Control of Private Military Companies: The Legislative Dimension. Contemporary Security Policy, 26(1), 84-100. DOI: 10.1080/13523260500116083
Krahmann, E. (2012). From “Mercenaries” to Private Security Contractors: The Reconstruction of Armed Security Providers in International Legal Discourses. Millennium: journal of International Studies, 40(2), 343-363. DOI: 10.1177/0305829811426673
Lam, J. S. (2009). Accountability for Private Military Contractors under the Alien Tort Statute. California
Law Review, 97(5), 1459-1499. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20677914
Leander, A. (2010). The paradoxical Impunity of Private Military Companies: Authority and Limits to legal accountability. Security Dialogue, 41(5), 467-490. DOI: 10.1177/0967010610382108
Machairas, D. (2014). The Ethical Implications of the Use of Private Military Force: Regulatable or Irreconciliable? Journal of Military Ethics, 13(1), 49-69. DOI: 10.1080/15027570.2014.908645
McCarron, P. B. (2008). The Long Arm of the Law: The Military Extraterritorial jurisdiction Act. Corrections Today, 70(6), 38-55. https://www.thefreelibrary.com/
e+long+arm+of+the+law%3A+the+Military+Extraterritorial+Jurisdiction+...-a0193145682
ONU. (2002). Repercusiones de las actividades de los mercenarios sobre el derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación. Ginebra: Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos.
Ortiz, C. (2010). Private Armed Forces and Global Security. Santa Barbara: Praeger. Pozo-Serrano, P. y Hernández-Martín, L. (2007). El marco jurídico de las CMSP. AEDI, XXIII, 315-351. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10171/21448
Rothe, D. L. & Ross, J. I. (2010). Private Military Copntractors, Crime and the terrain of Unaccountability. Justice Quaterly, 27(4), 593-617. DOI: 10.1080/07418820902965328
Rousseau, E. (2014). International Law and Private Military Companies: a Search for Clarity Droit International, sociétés militaires et conflit armé: Entre incertitudes et responsabilités. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 8(1), 99-104. DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2014.877624
Schaud Jr, G. (2010). Civilian Combatants, Military Professionals? American Officer Judgements. Defence Studies, 10(3), 369-386. DOI: 10.1080/14702436.2010.503679
Singer, P. W. (2006). Humanitarian Principles, Private Military Agents: Implications of the Privatized Military Industry for the Humanitarian Community. Brown Journal of World Affairs, 13(1), 105-121. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24590647
Urueña-Sánchez, M.I. (2019). Las compañías militares de seguridad privada ¿los nuevos mercenarios?. Criminalidad, 61(1), 97-110. https://www.policia.gov.co/revista/revista-criminalidad-volumen-61-no-1
Urueña-Sánchez, M. (2020). Mercenarios y Compañías Militares y de Seguridad Privadas: estructucturación de sus redes normativas. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch.
Wallace, D. A. (2011). International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers. International Legal Materials, 50(1), 89-104. DOI: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5305/intelegamate.50.1.0089
Avant, D. (2013). Private Security. In P. D. Williams, Security Studies (pp. 425-438). Nueva York: Routledge.
Barnes, D. M. (2013). Should Private Security Companies be Employed for Counterinsurgency Operations? Journal of Military Ethics, 12(3), 201-224. DOI: 10.1080/15027570.2013.847535
Bosch, S. (2007). Private security contractors and internartional humanitarian law -a skirmish for recognition in international armed conflicts-. African Security, 16(4), 34-52. DOI: 10.1080/10246029.2007.9627443
Brooks, D. (2000). Messiahs or mercenaries? The future of international private military services. International Peacekeeping, 7(4), 129-144. DOI: 10.1080/13533310008413867
Cano-Linares, M. Á. (2008). El derecho internacional humanitario frente al uso de la fuerza como actividad empresarial ¿El fin de un monopolio? Anuario Derecho, XXIV, 47-77. https://hdl.handle. net/10171/21629
de Nevers, R. (2009). Private Security Companies and the Laws of War. Security Dialogue, 40 2), 169-190. DOI: 10.1177/0967010609103076
Ellington, S. (2011). The Rise of Battlefield Private Contractors. Public Imtegrity, 13(2), 131-148. DOI: 10.2753/PIN1099-9922130203
Elsea, J. K. (2009). Private Security Contractors in Iraq: Background, Legal Status and others issues. In R. M. Quigly, Military Contractors: Legal Status, Oversight and Security (pp. 37-72). Nueva York: Nova Science Publishers.
Ettinger, A. (2014). After the gold rush: Corporate Warriors and The Market of Force Revisited. International Journal, 69(4), 559-569. DOI: 10.1177/0967010614521266
Faite, A. (2004). Involvement of private contractors in armed conflict: implications under international humanitarian law. Defence Studies, 4(2), 166-183. DOI: 10.1080/1470243042000325887
Huskey, K. A. (2012). Accountability for Private Military and Security Contractors in the International Legal Regime. Criminal Justice Ethics, 3(13), 193-212. DOI: 10.1080/0731129X.2012.737169
Jackson, P. (2002). War is too serious to be left to military men: Private companies, combat and regulation. Civil Wars, 5(4), 30-55. DOI: 10.1080/13698240208402516
Jorge Urbina, J. (2015). Actores no estatales y externalización de las funciones militares en los conflictos armados: los contratistas privados ante el derecho internacional humanitario. ACDI, 41-85. DOI: 10.12804/acdi8.1.2015.02
Kinsey, C. (2003). Le droit international et le controle des mercenaires et des compagnies militaires privées. Cultures & conflits, 52, 2-16. http://conflits.revues.org/981
Kinsey, C. (2005a). Challenging international law: a dilemma of private security companies. Conflict, Security & Development, 5(3), 269-293. DOI: 10.1080/14678800500344515
Kinsey, R. (2005b). Regulations and Control of Private Military Companies: The Legislative Dimension. Contemporary Security Policy, 26(1), 84-100. DOI: 10.1080/13523260500116083
Krahmann, E. (2012). From “Mercenaries” to Private Security Contractors: The Reconstruction of Armed Security Providers in International Legal Discourses. Millennium: journal of International Studies, 40(2), 343-363. DOI: 10.1177/0305829811426673
Lam, J. S. (2009). Accountability for Private Military Contractors under the Alien Tort Statute. California
Law Review, 97(5), 1459-1499. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20677914
Leander, A. (2010). The paradoxical Impunity of Private Military Companies: Authority and Limits to legal accountability. Security Dialogue, 41(5), 467-490. DOI: 10.1177/0967010610382108
Machairas, D. (2014). The Ethical Implications of the Use of Private Military Force: Regulatable or Irreconciliable? Journal of Military Ethics, 13(1), 49-69. DOI: 10.1080/15027570.2014.908645
McCarron, P. B. (2008). The Long Arm of the Law: The Military Extraterritorial jurisdiction Act. Corrections Today, 70(6), 38-55. https://www.thefreelibrary.com/
e+long+arm+of+the+law%3A+the+Military+Extraterritorial+Jurisdiction+...-a0193145682
ONU. (2002). Repercusiones de las actividades de los mercenarios sobre el derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación. Ginebra: Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos.
Ortiz, C. (2010). Private Armed Forces and Global Security. Santa Barbara: Praeger. Pozo-Serrano, P. y Hernández-Martín, L. (2007). El marco jurídico de las CMSP. AEDI, XXIII, 315-351. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10171/21448
Rothe, D. L. & Ross, J. I. (2010). Private Military Copntractors, Crime and the terrain of Unaccountability. Justice Quaterly, 27(4), 593-617. DOI: 10.1080/07418820902965328
Rousseau, E. (2014). International Law and Private Military Companies: a Search for Clarity Droit International, sociétés militaires et conflit armé: Entre incertitudes et responsabilités. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 8(1), 99-104. DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2014.877624
Schaud Jr, G. (2010). Civilian Combatants, Military Professionals? American Officer Judgements. Defence Studies, 10(3), 369-386. DOI: 10.1080/14702436.2010.503679
Singer, P. W. (2006). Humanitarian Principles, Private Military Agents: Implications of the Privatized Military Industry for the Humanitarian Community. Brown Journal of World Affairs, 13(1), 105-121. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24590647
Urueña-Sánchez, M.I. (2019). Las compañías militares de seguridad privada ¿los nuevos mercenarios?. Criminalidad, 61(1), 97-110. https://www.policia.gov.co/revista/revista-criminalidad-volumen-61-no-1
Urueña-Sánchez, M. (2020). Mercenarios y Compañías Militares y de Seguridad Privadas: estructucturación de sus redes normativas. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch.
Wallace, D. A. (2011). International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers. International Legal Materials, 50(1), 89-104. DOI: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5305/intelegamate.50.1.0089
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