Characterizing severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in young adults: Reflections around the literature

Resumo

The infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan City, China at the end of December 2019 and it turned into a rapidly evolving pandemic. It represents the most serious public health threat of the current century since it affects all spheres of global functioning, to the extent that today its name is being reconsidered at the level of syndemic. The SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus generates outbreaks of acute respiratory infection similar to those documented for SARS-CoV that emerged in Hanoi, Vietnam at the beginning of 2003. A considerable proportion of patients with 2019-nCoV disease (COVID-19) evolves into severe forms that may require support in intensive care units with high morbidity and mortality in the short and medium term (1).

Referências

1. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 May 10];395:497–506. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5

2. Gautret P, Million M, Jarrot PA, Camoin-Jau L, Colson P, Fenollar F, et al. Natural history of COVID-19 and therapeutic options. Expert Rev Clin Immunol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 May 10];16(12):1159–84. Available at: https://doi.org/10 .1080/1744666X.2021.1847640

3. Lu Y, Huang Z, Wang M, Tang K, Wang S, Gao P, et al. Clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality in young adults with severe COVID-19: a retrospective observational study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 May 10];20(3):1-9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-020-00412-9

4. Chalmers JD, Crichton ML, Goeminne PC, Cao B, Humbert M, Shteinberg M, et al. Management of hospitalised adults with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): a European Respiratory Society living guideline. Eur Respir J. [Internet]. 2021[cited 2021 May 10]; 57(4): 2100048 Available at: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00048-2021

5. Shahid Z, Kalayanamitra R, McClafferty B, Kepko D, Ramgobin D, Patel R, et al. COVID-19 and Older Adults: What We Know. J Am Geriatr Soc. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 May 10];68(5):926-929. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/ jgs.16472

6. Chen Y, Klein SL, Garibaldi BT, Li H, Wu C, Osevala NM, et al. Aging in COVID-19: vulnerability, immunity and intervention. Ageing Res Rev. [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 May 10];65:101205. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. arr.2020.101205

7. Zhang SY, Zhang Q, Casanova JL, Su HC, Abel L, Bastard P, et al. Severe COVID-19 in the young and healthy: monogenic inborn errors of immunity? Nat Rev Immunol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 May 10] ;20(8): 455–6. Available at: https://doi. org/10.1038/s41577-020-0373-7