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Biolatto L. Estratégias com adolescentes para prevenir o consumo problematico de álcool: modalidades e ambitos de aplicação. Hacia Promoc. Salud [Internet]. 25º de maio de 2018 [citado 2º de outubro de 2024];23(2):48-66. Disponível em: https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/hacialapromociondelasalud/article/view/3601
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Objetivo: esta revisão teve como objetivo geral identificar e descrever as estratégias para a promoção da saúde com incidência na prevenção do consumo problemático de álcool em adolescentes que tem sido avaliado por estudos científicos: Materiais e Métodos: para isto realizou-se um estudo quantitativo que revelou a evidencia bibliográfica disponível sobre estratégias de prevenção do consumo problemático de álcool de adolescentes. Resultados: Identificaram se estratégias baseadas nas escolas, nas famílias, multicomponente, de abordagem direta e legal, com seus aspectos positivos e negativos, assim como seu diferente grau de efetividade são aquelas com enfoque de educação para a saúde psicossocial, intersectorial, que trabalham com as famílias, contextualizadas e enquadrada em um órgão legislativo acorde. Conclusões: A combinação de diversas estratégias já validadas é mais efetiva que a utilização dum só tipo de estratégia.
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Referências
1. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Global status report on alcohol and health 2014. Ginebra: OMS; 2014.
2. Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet 2009; 373(9682): 2223-2233.
3. Mariden Shanken Communications. The Global Drinks Market: impact databank review and forecast 2011 edition. New York: Mariden Shanken Communications; 2012.
4. Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Informe de situación regional sobre el alcohol y la salud en las Américas. Washington: OPS; 2015.
5. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Global Burden of Disease study 2010 (GBD 2010) results by risk factor 1990-2010. Seattle: IHME; 2013.
6. Mäkelä K, Mustonen H. Relationships of drinking behaviour, gender and age with reported negative and positive experiences related to drinking. Addiction 2000; 95: 727-736.
7. Moral-Jiménez MV, Rodríguez-Díaz FJ, Sirvent-Ruiz C. Motivadores de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes: análisis de diferencias inter-género y propuesta de un continuum etiológico. Adicciones 2005; 17(2): 105-120.
8. Hibell B, Guttormsson U, Ahlström S, Balakireva O, Bjarnason T, Kokkevi AE, et al. The 2011 ESPAD Report - Substance use among students in 36 European Countries. Stockholm: Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); 2012.
9. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Encuesta Mundial de Salud a Escolares (Global SchoolBased Student Health Survey) 2013 Core Questionnaire Modules. Ginebra; OMS: 2013.
10. Míguez H. La alcoholización juvenil en Argentina. Acta Psiquiát Psicol. América Latina 2004; 50(1): 43-47.
11. Moral MV, Rodríguez FJ, Sirvent C. Factores relacionados con las actitudes juveniles hacia el consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias psicoactivas. Psicothema 2006; 18(1): 52-58.
12. Míguez H. Alcoholización juvenil en la Argentina: del consumo cotidiano al “binge drinking”. Actualizaciones en Alcohología 2007; 1: 5-7.
13. Serrano EV, Panossian M. La problemática del alcohol en Argentina. Estrategias desde el Programa Nacional de Prevención y Lucha frente al Consumo Excesivo de Alcohol. En: Dirección Nacional de Salud Mental y Adicciones. Políticas públicas de salud mental: enfoques, estrategias y experiencias con base en la comunidad. Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Salud de Argentina; 2015.
14. Pascual-Pastor F. Imagen social de las bebidas alcohólicas. Adicciones 2000; 14(S1): 115-122.
15. Arizaga C, Quiña G, Jajamovich G. Imaginarios sociales y prácticas de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes de escuelas de nivel medio. VII Jornadas de Sociología. Buenos Aires: Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires; 2007.
16. Cumsille PE, Sayer AG, Graham J. Perceived exposure to peer and adult drinking as predictors of growth in positive alcohol expectancies during adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2000; 68: 531-536.
17. Pilatti A, Godoy JC, Brussino SA. Construcción y valoración psicométrica del Cuestionario de Expectativas hacia el Alcohol para Adolescentes de Argentina (CEA-A). Anales de Psicología 2010; 26: 288-301.
18. Kuntsche E, Knibbe R, Gmel G, Engels R. Who drinks and why? A review of socio-demographic, personality, and contextual issues behind the drinking motives in young people. Addictive Behaviors 2006; 31: 1844-1857.
19. Pilatti A, Brussino SA, Godoy JC. Factores que influyen en el consumo de alcohol de adolescentes argentinos: un path análisis prospectivo. Revista de Psicología 2013; 22(1), 22-36.
20. Edwards G, Anderson P, Babor TF, Casswell S, Ferrence R, Giesbrecht N, et al. Alcohol policy and the public good. Londres: Oxford University Press; 1995.
21. Villalba JR, Gual A. Las políticas preventivas del consumo de sustancias adictivas y la responsabilidad de los profesionales. Adicciones 2009; 21(1): 5-8.
22. Michaels D. Doubt is their product. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.
23. Espada JP, Pereira JR, García-Fernández JM. Influencia de los modelos sociales en el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes. Psicothema 2008; 20(4): 531-537.
24. Talbott LL, Martin RJ, Usdan SL, Leeper JD, Umstattd MR, Cremeens JL, et al. Drinking likelihood alcohol problems, and peer influence among first-year college students. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2008; 34: 433-440.
25. Londoño C, Valencia S, Sánchez L, León V. Diseño del cuestionario resistencia a la presión de grupo en el consumo de alcohol (CRPG). Suma Psicológica 2007; 14: 271-285.
26. Andrade-Palos P, Pérez-de la Barrera C, Alfaro-Martínez LB, Sánchez-Oviedo ME, López-Montes de Oca A. Resistencia a la presión de pares y pareja y consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes. Adicciones 2009; 21(3): 243-250.
27. Botvin G, Griffin K. Prevention science, drug abuse prevention and Life Skills Training: Comments on the state of the science. Journal of Experimental Criminology 2004; 1: 63-78.
28. Ruiz-Juan F, Ruiz-Risueño J. Variables predictoras de consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes españoles. Anales de psicología 2011; 27(2): 350-359.
29. Salamó-Avellaneda A, Gras-Pérez ME, Font-Mayolas S. Patrones de consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia. Psicothema 2010; 22(2): 189-195.
30. Cronin P, Ryan F, Coughlan M. Undertaking a literature: a step by step approach. British Journal of Nursing 2008; 17(1): 38-43.
31. Grant M, Brooth A. A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Info Libr J 2009; 26(2): 91-108.
32. Foxcroft DR, Tsertsvadze A. Universal school-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people (Review). Evid.-Based Child Health 2012; 7(2): 450-475.
33. Faggiano F, Minozzi S, Versino E, Buscemi D. Universal school-based prevention for illicit drug use. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014; Issue 12: CD003020.
34. Moral-Jiménez MV, Rodríguez-Díaz FJ, Ovejero-Bernal A, Sirvent-Ruiz C. Cambios actitudinales y reducción del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes a partir de un programa de intervención psicosocial. Adicciones 2009; 21(3): 207-220.
35. Alfaro-Martínez LB, Sánchez-Oviedo ME, Andrade-Palos P, Pérez-de la Barrera C, Montes-de Oca A. Habilidades para la vida, consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes. Revista Española de Drogodependencias 2010; 35(1): 67-77.
36. Vigna-Taglianti FD, Galanti MR, Burkhart G, Caria MP, Vadrucci S, Faggiano F. “Unplugged,” a European school-based program for substance use prevention among adolescents: Overview of results from the EU-Dap trial. New Directions for Youth Development 2014; 2014(141): 67-82.
37. Poduska JM, Kurki A. Guided by theory, informed by practice: training and support for the Good Behavior Game, a classroom-based behavior management strategy. Journal of emotional and behavioral disorders 2014; 22(2): 83-94.
38. Agabio R, Trincas G, Floris F, Mura G, Sancassiani F, Angermeyer MC. A systematic review of school-based alcohol and other drug prevention programs. Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 2015; 11(S1): 102-112.
39. Abraham C, Michie S. A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychology 2008; 27: 379-387.
40. Faggiano F, Vigna-Tagliantia F, Burkhart G, Bohrn K, Cuomo L, Gregori D, et al. The effectiveness of a school-based substance abuse prevention program: 18-Month follow-up of the EU-Dap cluster randomized controlled trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2010; 108(1-2): 56-64.
41. Velleman R. Alcohol prevention programmes: a review of the literature for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (part two). York: Robert Rowntree Foundation; 2009.
42. Carney T, Myers BJ, Louw J, Okwundu CI. Brief school-based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance-using adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016; 1: CD008969.
43. Korczak D, Steinhauser G, Dietl M. Prevention of alcohol misuse among children, youths and young adults. GMS Health Technol Assess. 2011; 7: 1-9.
44. Vermeulen-Smit E, Verdurmen JEE, Engels RCME. The effectiveness of family interventions in preventing adolescent illicit drug use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2015; 18(3): 218-239.
45. Segrott J, Gillespie D, Holliday J, Humphreys I, Murphy S, Phillips C, et al. Preventing substance misuse: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the Strengthening Families Programme 10-14 UK. BMC Public Health 2014; 14(49): 1-22.
46. Stormshak EA, Dishion TJ. A school-based, family-centered intervention to prevent substance use: the Family Check-Up. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2009; 35(4): 227-232.
47. Petrie J, Bunn F, Byrne G. Parenting programmes for preventing tobacco, alcohol or drugs misuse in children <18: a systematic review. Health Educ Res 2007; 22(2): 177-191.
48. Foxcroft DR, Tsertsvadze A. Universal family-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011; 9: CD009308.
49. Miller T, Hendrie D. Substance abuse prevention dollars and cents: a cost-benefit analysis. Rockville: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2009.
50. Baldus C, Thomsen M, Sack PM, Bröning S, Arnaud N, Daubmann A, et al. Evaluation of a German version of the Strengthening Families Programme 10-14: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Public Health. 2016; 26(6): 953-959.
51. Toumbourou JW, Stockwell T, Neighbors C, Marlatt GA, Sturge J, Rehm J. Interventions to reduce harm associated with adolescent substance use. Lancet 2007; 369: 1391-1401.
52. Connell A, Dishion T, Yasui M, Kavanagh K. An adaptive approach to family intervention: linking engagement in family centered intervention to reductions in adolescent problem behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2007; 75(4): 568-579.
53. Foxcroft DR, Tsertsvadze A. Universal multi-component prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 9: CD009307.
54. Sanders MR. Development, evaluation, and multinational dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2012; 8: 345-379.
55. Bobrowski KJ, Pisarska A, Staszewski KO, Borucka A. Effectiveness of alcohol prevention program for pre-adolescents. Psychiatr Pol. 2014; 48(3): 527-539.
56. Thomas RE, Lorenzetti D, Spragins W. Mentoring adolescents to prevent drug and alcohol use. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 11: CD007381.
57. Herrera C, Grossman JB, Kauh TJ, McMaken J. Mentoring in schools: an impact study of Big Brothers Big Sisters school-based mentoring. Child Development 2011; 82(1): 346-361.
58. Melendez-Torres GJ, Dickson K, Fletcher A, Thomas J, Hinds K, Campbell R, et al. Positive youth development programmes to reduce substance use in young people: Systematic review. Journal of Drug Policy 2016; 36: 95-103.
59. Anderson P, Chisholm D, Fuhr DC. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol. Lancet 2009; 373(9682): 2234-2246.
60. Martineau F, Tyner E, Lorenc T, Petticrew M, Lock K. Population-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm: an overview of systematic reviews. Prev Med. 2013; 57(4): 278-296.
61. Anderson P, De Bruijn A, Angus K, Gordon R, Hastings G. Impact of alcohol advertising and media exposure on adolescent alcohol use: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Alcohol 2009; 44(3): 229-243.
62. Tortosa-Salazar V. Publicidad y alcohol: situación de España como país miembro de la Unión Europea. Rev Esp Com Sal. 2010; 1(1): 30-39.
63. Alcohol and public policy group. Alcohol: no ordinary commodity - a summary of the second edition. Addiction 2010; 105(5): 769-779.
64. Villalbí JR, Bosque-Prous M, Gili-Miner M, Espelt A, Brugal MT. Políticas para prevenir los daños causados por el alcohol. Rev Esp Salud Pública 2014; 88(4): 515-528.
65. Livingston M, Chikritzhs T, Room R. Changing the density of alcohol outlets to reduce alcohol related problems. Drug Alcohol Rev 2007; 26(5): 553-562.
66. Alcohol and public policy group. Alcohol: no ordinary commodity - a summary of the second edition. Addiction 2010; 105(5): 769-779.
2. Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet 2009; 373(9682): 2223-2233.
3. Mariden Shanken Communications. The Global Drinks Market: impact databank review and forecast 2011 edition. New York: Mariden Shanken Communications; 2012.
4. Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Informe de situación regional sobre el alcohol y la salud en las Américas. Washington: OPS; 2015.
5. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Global Burden of Disease study 2010 (GBD 2010) results by risk factor 1990-2010. Seattle: IHME; 2013.
6. Mäkelä K, Mustonen H. Relationships of drinking behaviour, gender and age with reported negative and positive experiences related to drinking. Addiction 2000; 95: 727-736.
7. Moral-Jiménez MV, Rodríguez-Díaz FJ, Sirvent-Ruiz C. Motivadores de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes: análisis de diferencias inter-género y propuesta de un continuum etiológico. Adicciones 2005; 17(2): 105-120.
8. Hibell B, Guttormsson U, Ahlström S, Balakireva O, Bjarnason T, Kokkevi AE, et al. The 2011 ESPAD Report - Substance use among students in 36 European Countries. Stockholm: Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); 2012.
9. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Encuesta Mundial de Salud a Escolares (Global SchoolBased Student Health Survey) 2013 Core Questionnaire Modules. Ginebra; OMS: 2013.
10. Míguez H. La alcoholización juvenil en Argentina. Acta Psiquiát Psicol. América Latina 2004; 50(1): 43-47.
11. Moral MV, Rodríguez FJ, Sirvent C. Factores relacionados con las actitudes juveniles hacia el consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias psicoactivas. Psicothema 2006; 18(1): 52-58.
12. Míguez H. Alcoholización juvenil en la Argentina: del consumo cotidiano al “binge drinking”. Actualizaciones en Alcohología 2007; 1: 5-7.
13. Serrano EV, Panossian M. La problemática del alcohol en Argentina. Estrategias desde el Programa Nacional de Prevención y Lucha frente al Consumo Excesivo de Alcohol. En: Dirección Nacional de Salud Mental y Adicciones. Políticas públicas de salud mental: enfoques, estrategias y experiencias con base en la comunidad. Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Salud de Argentina; 2015.
14. Pascual-Pastor F. Imagen social de las bebidas alcohólicas. Adicciones 2000; 14(S1): 115-122.
15. Arizaga C, Quiña G, Jajamovich G. Imaginarios sociales y prácticas de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes de escuelas de nivel medio. VII Jornadas de Sociología. Buenos Aires: Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires; 2007.
16. Cumsille PE, Sayer AG, Graham J. Perceived exposure to peer and adult drinking as predictors of growth in positive alcohol expectancies during adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2000; 68: 531-536.
17. Pilatti A, Godoy JC, Brussino SA. Construcción y valoración psicométrica del Cuestionario de Expectativas hacia el Alcohol para Adolescentes de Argentina (CEA-A). Anales de Psicología 2010; 26: 288-301.
18. Kuntsche E, Knibbe R, Gmel G, Engels R. Who drinks and why? A review of socio-demographic, personality, and contextual issues behind the drinking motives in young people. Addictive Behaviors 2006; 31: 1844-1857.
19. Pilatti A, Brussino SA, Godoy JC. Factores que influyen en el consumo de alcohol de adolescentes argentinos: un path análisis prospectivo. Revista de Psicología 2013; 22(1), 22-36.
20. Edwards G, Anderson P, Babor TF, Casswell S, Ferrence R, Giesbrecht N, et al. Alcohol policy and the public good. Londres: Oxford University Press; 1995.
21. Villalba JR, Gual A. Las políticas preventivas del consumo de sustancias adictivas y la responsabilidad de los profesionales. Adicciones 2009; 21(1): 5-8.
22. Michaels D. Doubt is their product. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.
23. Espada JP, Pereira JR, García-Fernández JM. Influencia de los modelos sociales en el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes. Psicothema 2008; 20(4): 531-537.
24. Talbott LL, Martin RJ, Usdan SL, Leeper JD, Umstattd MR, Cremeens JL, et al. Drinking likelihood alcohol problems, and peer influence among first-year college students. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2008; 34: 433-440.
25. Londoño C, Valencia S, Sánchez L, León V. Diseño del cuestionario resistencia a la presión de grupo en el consumo de alcohol (CRPG). Suma Psicológica 2007; 14: 271-285.
26. Andrade-Palos P, Pérez-de la Barrera C, Alfaro-Martínez LB, Sánchez-Oviedo ME, López-Montes de Oca A. Resistencia a la presión de pares y pareja y consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes. Adicciones 2009; 21(3): 243-250.
27. Botvin G, Griffin K. Prevention science, drug abuse prevention and Life Skills Training: Comments on the state of the science. Journal of Experimental Criminology 2004; 1: 63-78.
28. Ruiz-Juan F, Ruiz-Risueño J. Variables predictoras de consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes españoles. Anales de psicología 2011; 27(2): 350-359.
29. Salamó-Avellaneda A, Gras-Pérez ME, Font-Mayolas S. Patrones de consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia. Psicothema 2010; 22(2): 189-195.
30. Cronin P, Ryan F, Coughlan M. Undertaking a literature: a step by step approach. British Journal of Nursing 2008; 17(1): 38-43.
31. Grant M, Brooth A. A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Info Libr J 2009; 26(2): 91-108.
32. Foxcroft DR, Tsertsvadze A. Universal school-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people (Review). Evid.-Based Child Health 2012; 7(2): 450-475.
33. Faggiano F, Minozzi S, Versino E, Buscemi D. Universal school-based prevention for illicit drug use. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014; Issue 12: CD003020.
34. Moral-Jiménez MV, Rodríguez-Díaz FJ, Ovejero-Bernal A, Sirvent-Ruiz C. Cambios actitudinales y reducción del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes a partir de un programa de intervención psicosocial. Adicciones 2009; 21(3): 207-220.
35. Alfaro-Martínez LB, Sánchez-Oviedo ME, Andrade-Palos P, Pérez-de la Barrera C, Montes-de Oca A. Habilidades para la vida, consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes. Revista Española de Drogodependencias 2010; 35(1): 67-77.
36. Vigna-Taglianti FD, Galanti MR, Burkhart G, Caria MP, Vadrucci S, Faggiano F. “Unplugged,” a European school-based program for substance use prevention among adolescents: Overview of results from the EU-Dap trial. New Directions for Youth Development 2014; 2014(141): 67-82.
37. Poduska JM, Kurki A. Guided by theory, informed by practice: training and support for the Good Behavior Game, a classroom-based behavior management strategy. Journal of emotional and behavioral disorders 2014; 22(2): 83-94.
38. Agabio R, Trincas G, Floris F, Mura G, Sancassiani F, Angermeyer MC. A systematic review of school-based alcohol and other drug prevention programs. Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 2015; 11(S1): 102-112.
39. Abraham C, Michie S. A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychology 2008; 27: 379-387.
40. Faggiano F, Vigna-Tagliantia F, Burkhart G, Bohrn K, Cuomo L, Gregori D, et al. The effectiveness of a school-based substance abuse prevention program: 18-Month follow-up of the EU-Dap cluster randomized controlled trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2010; 108(1-2): 56-64.
41. Velleman R. Alcohol prevention programmes: a review of the literature for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (part two). York: Robert Rowntree Foundation; 2009.
42. Carney T, Myers BJ, Louw J, Okwundu CI. Brief school-based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance-using adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016; 1: CD008969.
43. Korczak D, Steinhauser G, Dietl M. Prevention of alcohol misuse among children, youths and young adults. GMS Health Technol Assess. 2011; 7: 1-9.
44. Vermeulen-Smit E, Verdurmen JEE, Engels RCME. The effectiveness of family interventions in preventing adolescent illicit drug use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2015; 18(3): 218-239.
45. Segrott J, Gillespie D, Holliday J, Humphreys I, Murphy S, Phillips C, et al. Preventing substance misuse: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the Strengthening Families Programme 10-14 UK. BMC Public Health 2014; 14(49): 1-22.
46. Stormshak EA, Dishion TJ. A school-based, family-centered intervention to prevent substance use: the Family Check-Up. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2009; 35(4): 227-232.
47. Petrie J, Bunn F, Byrne G. Parenting programmes for preventing tobacco, alcohol or drugs misuse in children <18: a systematic review. Health Educ Res 2007; 22(2): 177-191.
48. Foxcroft DR, Tsertsvadze A. Universal family-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011; 9: CD009308.
49. Miller T, Hendrie D. Substance abuse prevention dollars and cents: a cost-benefit analysis. Rockville: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2009.
50. Baldus C, Thomsen M, Sack PM, Bröning S, Arnaud N, Daubmann A, et al. Evaluation of a German version of the Strengthening Families Programme 10-14: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Public Health. 2016; 26(6): 953-959.
51. Toumbourou JW, Stockwell T, Neighbors C, Marlatt GA, Sturge J, Rehm J. Interventions to reduce harm associated with adolescent substance use. Lancet 2007; 369: 1391-1401.
52. Connell A, Dishion T, Yasui M, Kavanagh K. An adaptive approach to family intervention: linking engagement in family centered intervention to reductions in adolescent problem behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2007; 75(4): 568-579.
53. Foxcroft DR, Tsertsvadze A. Universal multi-component prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 9: CD009307.
54. Sanders MR. Development, evaluation, and multinational dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2012; 8: 345-379.
55. Bobrowski KJ, Pisarska A, Staszewski KO, Borucka A. Effectiveness of alcohol prevention program for pre-adolescents. Psychiatr Pol. 2014; 48(3): 527-539.
56. Thomas RE, Lorenzetti D, Spragins W. Mentoring adolescents to prevent drug and alcohol use. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 11: CD007381.
57. Herrera C, Grossman JB, Kauh TJ, McMaken J. Mentoring in schools: an impact study of Big Brothers Big Sisters school-based mentoring. Child Development 2011; 82(1): 346-361.
58. Melendez-Torres GJ, Dickson K, Fletcher A, Thomas J, Hinds K, Campbell R, et al. Positive youth development programmes to reduce substance use in young people: Systematic review. Journal of Drug Policy 2016; 36: 95-103.
59. Anderson P, Chisholm D, Fuhr DC. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol. Lancet 2009; 373(9682): 2234-2246.
60. Martineau F, Tyner E, Lorenc T, Petticrew M, Lock K. Population-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm: an overview of systematic reviews. Prev Med. 2013; 57(4): 278-296.
61. Anderson P, De Bruijn A, Angus K, Gordon R, Hastings G. Impact of alcohol advertising and media exposure on adolescent alcohol use: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Alcohol 2009; 44(3): 229-243.
62. Tortosa-Salazar V. Publicidad y alcohol: situación de España como país miembro de la Unión Europea. Rev Esp Com Sal. 2010; 1(1): 30-39.
63. Alcohol and public policy group. Alcohol: no ordinary commodity - a summary of the second edition. Addiction 2010; 105(5): 769-779.
64. Villalbí JR, Bosque-Prous M, Gili-Miner M, Espelt A, Brugal MT. Políticas para prevenir los daños causados por el alcohol. Rev Esp Salud Pública 2014; 88(4): 515-528.
65. Livingston M, Chikritzhs T, Room R. Changing the density of alcohol outlets to reduce alcohol related problems. Drug Alcohol Rev 2007; 26(5): 553-562.
66. Alcohol and public policy group. Alcohol: no ordinary commodity - a summary of the second edition. Addiction 2010; 105(5): 769-779.
