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Fecha Publicación: 2016-01-01
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López-Romero LA, Romero Guevara SL, Parra DI, Rojas Sánchez LZ. Adherencia al tratamiento: concepto y medición. Hacia Promoc. Salud [Internet]. 1 de enero de 2016 [citado 21 de noviembre de 2024];21(1):117-3. Disponible en: https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/hacialapromociondelasalud/article/view/3892
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Objetivo: realizar una síntesis del concepto de adherencia y describir los métodos empleados para medirla. Metodología: artículo de revisión. Se realizó una búsqueda, selección y revisión de artículos originales y secundarios escritos en inglés o español, en las diferentes bases de datos: Scielo, Pubmed, Cinahl, Science@direct y Ovidsp; publicados entre 2004 y 2013. Resultados: se seleccionaron 53 artículos, de los cuales 13 definían el concepto y la clasificación de los métodos, 32 fueron estudios de investigación que emplearon métodos indirectos, 17 combinaron métodos directos e indirectos y un estudio utilizó un método directo. Conclusiones: se evidenció el uso de diferentes conceptos a la hora de definir la adherencia, sin que exista un consenso. Asimismo, para la medición se utilizaron diferentes técnicas, la más común fue el uso de métodos indirectos, seguidos de la combinación de directos e indirectos.
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2. Araneda M. Adherencia al tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1, durante la adolescencia. Una perspectiva psicológica. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2009; 80(6): 560-569.
3. Libertad MA. Acerca del concepto de adherencia terapéutica. Rev Cub Salud Publica [revista en la Internet]. 2004 Dic [citado 2013 Ene 16]; 30(4): Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0864-3466&lng=es&nrm=iso
4. Nogués X, Sorli ML, Villar J. Instrumentos de medida de adherencia al tratamiento. An Med Interna 2007; 24(3):138-41.
5. Haynes RB. Introduction. En: Haynes RB, Taylor DW, Sackett DL, eds. Compliance in health care Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press; 1979. p. 1-7.
6. García AM, Leiva F, Martos F, García AJ, Prados D, Sánchez et al. ¿Cómo diagnosticar el cumplimiento terapéutico en atención primaria? Medicina de Familia (And). 2000; 1(1):13-19.
7. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Adherencia a los tratamientos a largo plazo: Pruebas para la acción. Ginebra: Organización Panamericana de la Salud. 2004.
8. Silva GE, Galeano E, Correa JO. Adherencia al tratamiento. Implicaciones de la no-adherencia. Acta Med Colomb 2005; 30(4): 268-273.
9. Hearnshaw H, Lindenmeyer A. What do we mean by adherence to treatment and advice for living with diabetes? A review of the literature on definitions and measurements. Diabetic Med. 2006; 23(7): 720-8.
10. Gearing RE, Townsend L, MacKenzie M, Charach A. Reconceptualizing medication adherence: six phases of dynamic adherence. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2011; 19 (4): 177-89.
11. Ho PM, Bryson CL, Rumsfeld JS. Medication Adherence: Its Importance in cardiovascular outcomes. Circulation. 2009; 119: (1)3028-3035.
12. Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353 (5): 487- 497.
13. Berg KM, Arnsten JH. Practical and conceptual challenges in measuring antiretroviral adherence. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010; 43(1): 1-16.
14. Hawkshead J, Krousel-Wood MA. Techniques for measuring medication adherence in hypertensive patients in outpatient settings: advantages and limitations. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2007; 15(2): 109-18.
15. Sumino K, Cabana MD. Medication adherence in asthma patients. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2013; 19 (1): 49-53.
16. Hommel KA, Mackner LM, Denson LA, Crandall WV. Treatment regimen Adherence in Pediatric Gastroenterology. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008; 47 (5): 526-543.
17. Williams AB, Rivet K, Bova C, Womack JA. A proposal for quality standards for measuring medication adherence in research. AIDS Behav. 2013; 17 (1): 284-297.
18. Rolley JX, Davidson PM, Dennison CR, Ong A, Everett B, Salamonson Y. Medication adherence self-report instruments: implications for practice and research. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2008; 23(6): 497-505.
19. Zuñiga JA. Medication adherence in hispanics to latent tuberculosis treatment: a literature review. J Immigrant Minority Health. 2012; 14(1): 23-29.
20. Peralta ML, Carbajal-Pruneda P. Adherencia al tratamiento. Rev Cent Dermatol Pascua 2008; 17(3): 84-8.
21. NOC. Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería. 4 ed. Madrid: Elsevier, 2009.
22. Bramley TJ, Gerbino PP, Nightengale BS, Frech-Tamas F. Relationship of blood pressure control to adherence with antihypertensive monotherapy in 13 managed care organizations. J Manag Care Pharm. 2006; 12(3): 239-45.
23. Holguín L, Correa D, Arrivillaga M, Cáceres D, Varela M. Adherencia al tratamiento de hipertensión arterial: efectividad de un programa de intervención biopsicosocial. Univ. Psychol. 2006; 5(3): 535-547.
24. Llabre MM, Weaver KE, Durán RE, Antoni MH, Mcpherson-Baker S, Schneiderman N. A measurement model of medication adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and its relation to viral load in HIV-Positive adults. Aids Patient Care and Stds. 2006; 20 (10): 701-711.
25. Rozenfeld Y, Hunt JS, Plauschinat C, Wong KS. Oral antidiabetic medication adherence and glycemic control in managed care. Am J Manag Care. 2008; 14(2): 71-75.
26. Sorensen JL, Haug NA, Delucchi KL, Gruber V, Kletter E, Batki SL, et al. Voucher reinforcement improves medication adherence in HIV-positive methadone patients: a randomized trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007; 88(1): 54-63.
27. Briesacher BA, Andrade SE, Fouayzi H, Chan KA. Medication adherence and use of generic drug therapies. Am J Manage Care. 2009; 15 (7): 450-6.
28. Cooper J, Hall L, Penland A, Krueger A, May J. Measuring medication adherence. Popul Health Manage, 2009; 12 (1): 25-30.
29. Hansen RA, Kim MM, Song L, Tu W, Wu J, Murray MD. Comparison of Methods to Assess Medication Adherence and Classify Nonadherence. Ann Pharmacother 2009; 43(3): 413-22.
30. Rodríguez G, Iranzu MC, Berrocal MA, Gómez-Serranillo M. Adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral: repercusión del número de tomas diarias. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment: repercussion of number of daily doses. Rev Cubana Farm [revista en la Internet]. 2009 Abr [citado 2013 Ene 16]; 43(1): Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7515&lng=es&nrm=iso.
31. Van de Steeg N, Sielk M, Pentzek M, Bakx C, Altiner A. Drug-adherence questionnaires not valid for patients taking blood-pressure-lowering drugs in a primary health care setting. J Eval Clin Pract. 2009; 15(3): 468-72.
32. Velandia-Arias A, Rivera-Álvarez NL. Agencia de Autocuidado y Adherencia al Tratamiento en Personas con Factores de Riesgo Cardiovascular. Rev. salud pública. 2009; 11(4): 538-548.
33. Uzun S, Kara B, Yokusoglu M, Arslan F, Yilmaz MB, Karaeren H. The assessment of adherence of hypertensive individuals to treatment and lifestyle change recommendations. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2009; 9(2): 102-9.
34. Allison SM, Koenig JL, Marhefka SL, Carter RJ, Abrams EJ, Bulterys M, et al. Assessing medication adherence of perinatally HIV-Infected children using caregiver interviews. JANAC. 2010; 21(6): 478-488.
35. Hou MY, Hurwitz S, Kavanagh E, Fortin J, Goldberg AB. Using daily text-message reminders to improve adherence with oral contraceptives: A randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 116(3): 633-640.
36. Adisa R, Fakeye TO, Fasanmade A. Medication adherence among ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes in a tertiary healthcare setting in Southwestern Nigeria. Pharm Pract. 2011; 9 (2): 72-81.
37. Amado E, Pujol E, Pacheco V, Borras JM. Knowledge and adherence to antihypertensive therapy in primary care: results of a randomized trial. Gac Sanit. 2011; 25(1): 62-67.
38. Galloway GP, Coyle JR, Guillén JE, Flower K, Mendelson JE. A simple, novel method for assessing medication Adherence. J Addict Med.2011; 5(3): 170-174.
39. Huggins JM, Brown JN, Capehart B, Townsend ML, Legge J, Melnyk SD. Medication adherence in combat veterans with traumatic brain injury. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2011; 68 (3): 254-8.
40. Morilla-Herrera JC, Morales-Asencio JM, Fernández-Gallego MC, Berrobianco E, Delgado A. Utilidad y validez de un instrumento basado en indicadores de la nursing outcomes classification como ayuda al diagnóstico de pacientes crónicos de atención primaria con gestión ineficiente de la salud propia. An Sist Sanit Navar 2011; 34 (1): 51-61.
41. Müller AD, Jaspan HB, Myer L, Hunter AL, Harling G, Bekker LG, et al. Standard measures are inadequate to monitor mediatric adherence in a resource-limited setting. AIDS Behav. 2011; 15(2): 422-431.
42. Song Y, Han HR, Song HJ, Nam S, Nguyen T, Kim MT, Faan. Psychometric evaluation of Hill-Bone medication adherence subscale. Asian Nursing Research.2011; 5(3): 183-188.
43. Harbig P, Barat I, Damsgaard EM. Suitability of an electronic reminder device for measuring drug adherence in elderly patients with complex medication. J Telemed Telecare. 2012; 18(6): 352-356.
44. Heinrich C, Kuiper RA. Using handheld devices to promote medication adherence in chronic illness. JPN. 2012; 8(4): 288-293.
45. Mackey K, Parchmana ML, Leykumb LK, Lanhamb, HJ, Noëlb PH, Zeberd JE. Impact of the chronic care model on medication adherence when patients perceive cost as a barrier. Primary Care Diabetes. 2012; 6(2): 137-142.
46. Ruppar TM, Dobbels F, DeGeest S. Medication Beliefs and Antihypertensive Adherence among Older Adults: A Pilot Study. Geriatr Nurs. 2012; 33(2): 89-95.
47. Van HA, Neef C, Verberk WW, Van Iperen HP, De Leeuw PW, Van Der Kuy P-HM. Determining the feasibility of objective adherence measurement with blister packaging smart technology. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2012; 69(10): 872-9.
48. Vervlo M, Van Dijka L, Santen-Reestmanb J, Van Vlijmenb B, Van Wingerdenb P, Bouvyc ML, et al. SMS reminders improve adherence to oral medication in type 2 diabetes patients who are real time electronically monitored. International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2012; 81(9): 594-604.
49. Wessels AM, Jin Y, Pollock BG, Frank E, Lange AC, Vrijens B, et al. Adherence to escitalopram treatment in depression: a study of electronically compiled dosing histories in the 'Depression: the search for phenotypes' study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012; 27(6): 291-297.
50. White AJ, Kellarb I, Prevostc AT, Kinmonthb AL, Suttond S, Cannyd M, et al. Adherence to hypoglycaemic medication among people with type 2 diabetes in primary care. Primary Care Diabetes. 2012; 6(1): 27-33.
51. Ling H, Ling L, Yan Zhang, Huan L, Xianhong L, Honghong W. Self-Efficacy, Medication Adherence, and Quality of Life Among People Living With HIV in Hunan Province of China: A Questionnaire Survey. JANAC. 2013 Volume 24(2): 145-153.
52. Pozo C, Alonso E, Martos MJ, Salvador CM, Martínez MJ. Adherencia al tratamiento en trabajadores de la administración pública: factores relacionados con la salud y el bienestar. Med segur trab [Revista en la Internet]. 2009 Jun [citado 2013 Ene 20]; 55(215): 63-71. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0465-546X2009000200006.
53. Souza WK, Veiga PC, Porto L, Araújo FA, Lima AL. Self-measurement of blood pressure for control of blood pressure levels and adherence to treatment. Arq Bras Cardiol [Serial on the Internet]. 2012 Feb [cited 2013 Jan 17]; 98(2): 167-174. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2012005000010
54. Kemp S, Feely M, Hay A, Wild H, Cooper C. Psychological factors and use of antiepileptic drugs: pilot work using an objective measure of adherence. Psychol Health Med. 2007; 12(1):107-13.
55. Krapek K, King K, Warren SS, George KG, Caputo DA, Mihelich K, et al. Medication adherence and associated hemoglobin A1c in Type 2 diabetes. Ann Pharmacother. 2004; 38 (9):1357-62.
56. Wiener L, Riekert K, Ryder C, Wood LV. Assessing medication adherence in adolescents with HIV when electronic monitoring is not feasible. Aids Patient Care Stds. 2004; 18(9): 527-38.
57. Braam RL, Uum SH, Lenders JW, Thien T. Bromide as marker for drug adherence in hypertensive patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008; 65(5): 733-736.
58. Bell DJ, Wootton D, Mukaka M, Montgomery J, Kayange N, Chimpeni P, et al. Measurement of adherence, drug concentrations and the effectiveness of artemether-lumefantrine, chlorproguanil-dapsone or sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Malawi. Malar J. 2009; 8(204): 1-11.
59. Hawwa AF, Millership JS, Collier PS, McCarthy A, Dempsey S, Cairns C, et al. The development of an objective methodology to measure medication adherence to oral thiopurines in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia--an exploratory study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2009; 65 (11): 1105-12.
60. Garvie PA, Wilkins ML, Young C. Medication Adherence in Adolescents With Behaviorally-acquired HIV: Evidence for Using a Multimethod Assessment Protocol. J Adolesc Health. 2010; 47 504-511.
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62. Mullen PD. Compliance becomes concordance. Making a change in terminology produce a change in behavior. BMJ. 1997; 314: 691-2.
63. Grenard JL, Munjas BA, Adams JL, Suttorp M, Maglione M, McGlynn EA, et al. Depression and medication adherence in the treatment of Chronic Diseases in the United States: A Meta-Analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2011; 26(10): 1175-82.
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66. Romero-Guevara SL, Parra DI, Rojas LZ, Orozco-Vargas LC. 2013 Factores asociados a la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico en personas con hipertensión arterial y/o diabetes mellitus tipo II. Memorias del XXI Coloquio de investigación Enfermería. Cali. Colombia.
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68. Vollmer WM, Xu M, Feldstein A, Smith D, Waterbury A, Rand C. Comparison of pharmacy-based measures of medication adherence. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012; 12(155):1-8.
2. Araneda M. Adherencia al tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1, durante la adolescencia. Una perspectiva psicológica. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2009; 80(6): 560-569.
3. Libertad MA. Acerca del concepto de adherencia terapéutica. Rev Cub Salud Publica [revista en la Internet]. 2004 Dic [citado 2013 Ene 16]; 30(4): Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0864-3466&lng=es&nrm=iso
4. Nogués X, Sorli ML, Villar J. Instrumentos de medida de adherencia al tratamiento. An Med Interna 2007; 24(3):138-41.
5. Haynes RB. Introduction. En: Haynes RB, Taylor DW, Sackett DL, eds. Compliance in health care Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press; 1979. p. 1-7.
6. García AM, Leiva F, Martos F, García AJ, Prados D, Sánchez et al. ¿Cómo diagnosticar el cumplimiento terapéutico en atención primaria? Medicina de Familia (And). 2000; 1(1):13-19.
7. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Adherencia a los tratamientos a largo plazo: Pruebas para la acción. Ginebra: Organización Panamericana de la Salud. 2004.
8. Silva GE, Galeano E, Correa JO. Adherencia al tratamiento. Implicaciones de la no-adherencia. Acta Med Colomb 2005; 30(4): 268-273.
9. Hearnshaw H, Lindenmeyer A. What do we mean by adherence to treatment and advice for living with diabetes? A review of the literature on definitions and measurements. Diabetic Med. 2006; 23(7): 720-8.
10. Gearing RE, Townsend L, MacKenzie M, Charach A. Reconceptualizing medication adherence: six phases of dynamic adherence. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2011; 19 (4): 177-89.
11. Ho PM, Bryson CL, Rumsfeld JS. Medication Adherence: Its Importance in cardiovascular outcomes. Circulation. 2009; 119: (1)3028-3035.
12. Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353 (5): 487- 497.
13. Berg KM, Arnsten JH. Practical and conceptual challenges in measuring antiretroviral adherence. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010; 43(1): 1-16.
14. Hawkshead J, Krousel-Wood MA. Techniques for measuring medication adherence in hypertensive patients in outpatient settings: advantages and limitations. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2007; 15(2): 109-18.
15. Sumino K, Cabana MD. Medication adherence in asthma patients. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2013; 19 (1): 49-53.
16. Hommel KA, Mackner LM, Denson LA, Crandall WV. Treatment regimen Adherence in Pediatric Gastroenterology. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008; 47 (5): 526-543.
17. Williams AB, Rivet K, Bova C, Womack JA. A proposal for quality standards for measuring medication adherence in research. AIDS Behav. 2013; 17 (1): 284-297.
18. Rolley JX, Davidson PM, Dennison CR, Ong A, Everett B, Salamonson Y. Medication adherence self-report instruments: implications for practice and research. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2008; 23(6): 497-505.
19. Zuñiga JA. Medication adherence in hispanics to latent tuberculosis treatment: a literature review. J Immigrant Minority Health. 2012; 14(1): 23-29.
20. Peralta ML, Carbajal-Pruneda P. Adherencia al tratamiento. Rev Cent Dermatol Pascua 2008; 17(3): 84-8.
21. NOC. Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería. 4 ed. Madrid: Elsevier, 2009.
22. Bramley TJ, Gerbino PP, Nightengale BS, Frech-Tamas F. Relationship of blood pressure control to adherence with antihypertensive monotherapy in 13 managed care organizations. J Manag Care Pharm. 2006; 12(3): 239-45.
23. Holguín L, Correa D, Arrivillaga M, Cáceres D, Varela M. Adherencia al tratamiento de hipertensión arterial: efectividad de un programa de intervención biopsicosocial. Univ. Psychol. 2006; 5(3): 535-547.
24. Llabre MM, Weaver KE, Durán RE, Antoni MH, Mcpherson-Baker S, Schneiderman N. A measurement model of medication adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and its relation to viral load in HIV-Positive adults. Aids Patient Care and Stds. 2006; 20 (10): 701-711.
25. Rozenfeld Y, Hunt JS, Plauschinat C, Wong KS. Oral antidiabetic medication adherence and glycemic control in managed care. Am J Manag Care. 2008; 14(2): 71-75.
26. Sorensen JL, Haug NA, Delucchi KL, Gruber V, Kletter E, Batki SL, et al. Voucher reinforcement improves medication adherence in HIV-positive methadone patients: a randomized trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007; 88(1): 54-63.
27. Briesacher BA, Andrade SE, Fouayzi H, Chan KA. Medication adherence and use of generic drug therapies. Am J Manage Care. 2009; 15 (7): 450-6.
28. Cooper J, Hall L, Penland A, Krueger A, May J. Measuring medication adherence. Popul Health Manage, 2009; 12 (1): 25-30.
29. Hansen RA, Kim MM, Song L, Tu W, Wu J, Murray MD. Comparison of Methods to Assess Medication Adherence and Classify Nonadherence. Ann Pharmacother 2009; 43(3): 413-22.
30. Rodríguez G, Iranzu MC, Berrocal MA, Gómez-Serranillo M. Adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral: repercusión del número de tomas diarias. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment: repercussion of number of daily doses. Rev Cubana Farm [revista en la Internet]. 2009 Abr [citado 2013 Ene 16]; 43(1): Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7515&lng=es&nrm=iso.
31. Van de Steeg N, Sielk M, Pentzek M, Bakx C, Altiner A. Drug-adherence questionnaires not valid for patients taking blood-pressure-lowering drugs in a primary health care setting. J Eval Clin Pract. 2009; 15(3): 468-72.
32. Velandia-Arias A, Rivera-Álvarez NL. Agencia de Autocuidado y Adherencia al Tratamiento en Personas con Factores de Riesgo Cardiovascular. Rev. salud pública. 2009; 11(4): 538-548.
33. Uzun S, Kara B, Yokusoglu M, Arslan F, Yilmaz MB, Karaeren H. The assessment of adherence of hypertensive individuals to treatment and lifestyle change recommendations. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2009; 9(2): 102-9.
34. Allison SM, Koenig JL, Marhefka SL, Carter RJ, Abrams EJ, Bulterys M, et al. Assessing medication adherence of perinatally HIV-Infected children using caregiver interviews. JANAC. 2010; 21(6): 478-488.
35. Hou MY, Hurwitz S, Kavanagh E, Fortin J, Goldberg AB. Using daily text-message reminders to improve adherence with oral contraceptives: A randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 116(3): 633-640.
36. Adisa R, Fakeye TO, Fasanmade A. Medication adherence among ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes in a tertiary healthcare setting in Southwestern Nigeria. Pharm Pract. 2011; 9 (2): 72-81.
37. Amado E, Pujol E, Pacheco V, Borras JM. Knowledge and adherence to antihypertensive therapy in primary care: results of a randomized trial. Gac Sanit. 2011; 25(1): 62-67.
38. Galloway GP, Coyle JR, Guillén JE, Flower K, Mendelson JE. A simple, novel method for assessing medication Adherence. J Addict Med.2011; 5(3): 170-174.
39. Huggins JM, Brown JN, Capehart B, Townsend ML, Legge J, Melnyk SD. Medication adherence in combat veterans with traumatic brain injury. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2011; 68 (3): 254-8.
40. Morilla-Herrera JC, Morales-Asencio JM, Fernández-Gallego MC, Berrobianco E, Delgado A. Utilidad y validez de un instrumento basado en indicadores de la nursing outcomes classification como ayuda al diagnóstico de pacientes crónicos de atención primaria con gestión ineficiente de la salud propia. An Sist Sanit Navar 2011; 34 (1): 51-61.
41. Müller AD, Jaspan HB, Myer L, Hunter AL, Harling G, Bekker LG, et al. Standard measures are inadequate to monitor mediatric adherence in a resource-limited setting. AIDS Behav. 2011; 15(2): 422-431.
42. Song Y, Han HR, Song HJ, Nam S, Nguyen T, Kim MT, Faan. Psychometric evaluation of Hill-Bone medication adherence subscale. Asian Nursing Research.2011; 5(3): 183-188.
43. Harbig P, Barat I, Damsgaard EM. Suitability of an electronic reminder device for measuring drug adherence in elderly patients with complex medication. J Telemed Telecare. 2012; 18(6): 352-356.
44. Heinrich C, Kuiper RA. Using handheld devices to promote medication adherence in chronic illness. JPN. 2012; 8(4): 288-293.
45. Mackey K, Parchmana ML, Leykumb LK, Lanhamb, HJ, Noëlb PH, Zeberd JE. Impact of the chronic care model on medication adherence when patients perceive cost as a barrier. Primary Care Diabetes. 2012; 6(2): 137-142.
46. Ruppar TM, Dobbels F, DeGeest S. Medication Beliefs and Antihypertensive Adherence among Older Adults: A Pilot Study. Geriatr Nurs. 2012; 33(2): 89-95.
47. Van HA, Neef C, Verberk WW, Van Iperen HP, De Leeuw PW, Van Der Kuy P-HM. Determining the feasibility of objective adherence measurement with blister packaging smart technology. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2012; 69(10): 872-9.
48. Vervlo M, Van Dijka L, Santen-Reestmanb J, Van Vlijmenb B, Van Wingerdenb P, Bouvyc ML, et al. SMS reminders improve adherence to oral medication in type 2 diabetes patients who are real time electronically monitored. International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2012; 81(9): 594-604.
49. Wessels AM, Jin Y, Pollock BG, Frank E, Lange AC, Vrijens B, et al. Adherence to escitalopram treatment in depression: a study of electronically compiled dosing histories in the 'Depression: the search for phenotypes' study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012; 27(6): 291-297.
50. White AJ, Kellarb I, Prevostc AT, Kinmonthb AL, Suttond S, Cannyd M, et al. Adherence to hypoglycaemic medication among people with type 2 diabetes in primary care. Primary Care Diabetes. 2012; 6(1): 27-33.
51. Ling H, Ling L, Yan Zhang, Huan L, Xianhong L, Honghong W. Self-Efficacy, Medication Adherence, and Quality of Life Among People Living With HIV in Hunan Province of China: A Questionnaire Survey. JANAC. 2013 Volume 24(2): 145-153.
52. Pozo C, Alonso E, Martos MJ, Salvador CM, Martínez MJ. Adherencia al tratamiento en trabajadores de la administración pública: factores relacionados con la salud y el bienestar. Med segur trab [Revista en la Internet]. 2009 Jun [citado 2013 Ene 20]; 55(215): 63-71. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0465-546X2009000200006.
53. Souza WK, Veiga PC, Porto L, Araújo FA, Lima AL. Self-measurement of blood pressure for control of blood pressure levels and adherence to treatment. Arq Bras Cardiol [Serial on the Internet]. 2012 Feb [cited 2013 Jan 17]; 98(2): 167-174. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2012005000010
54. Kemp S, Feely M, Hay A, Wild H, Cooper C. Psychological factors and use of antiepileptic drugs: pilot work using an objective measure of adherence. Psychol Health Med. 2007; 12(1):107-13.
55. Krapek K, King K, Warren SS, George KG, Caputo DA, Mihelich K, et al. Medication adherence and associated hemoglobin A1c in Type 2 diabetes. Ann Pharmacother. 2004; 38 (9):1357-62.
56. Wiener L, Riekert K, Ryder C, Wood LV. Assessing medication adherence in adolescents with HIV when electronic monitoring is not feasible. Aids Patient Care Stds. 2004; 18(9): 527-38.
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