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Fecha Publicación: 2006-01-01
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Castaño Molina E. Estilo de vida para prevenir el cáncer de mama. Hacia Promoc. Salud [Internet]. 1 de enero de 2006 [citado 24 de noviembre de 2024];11:12-8. Disponible en: https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/hacialapromociondelasalud/article/view/1929
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El Cáncer de mama (Ca.m) es la neoplasia más frecuente en la población femenina mundial y es un problema de salud en muchos países desarrollados. Colombia no es ajena a esta problemática y presenta tasas de incidencia y de mortalidad intermedias. En este país se han identificado zonas de alto riesgo, entre las que se encuentran las capitales de los departamentos del Eje Cafetero, el Valle del Cauca, Tolima, Cundinamarca y Santander. Muchos factores de riesgo se han asociado con esta patología; de éstos el que potencialmente se puede modificar más fácilmente es el estilo de vida, que depende en gran parte de cada mujer. Si se adoptan estilos de vida saludables se podrían prevenir, disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad ocasionada por el Ca.m en las regiones de alta incidencia.
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Mitra A. K., Faruque F. S., Avis A. L., Breast cancer and environmental risks: where is the link? J. Environ. Health 66 (2004) 24-32.
Chacko P., Joseph T., Mathew B. S., Rajan B., Pillai M. R., Role of xenobiotic metabolizing gene polymorphisms in breast cancer susceptibility and treatment outcome, Mutation Research 581 (2005) 153-163.
Veronesi U., Boyle P., Goldhirsch A., Orecchia R., Viale G., Breast cancer, Lancet; 365 (2005) 1727-41.
Bernstein L., Epidemiology of endocrine-related risk factors for breast cancer, J. Mammary. Gland. Biol. Neoplasia., 7 (2002) 3-15.
Dumitrescu R. G., Cotarla I., Understanding breast cancer risk -where do we stand in 2005? J. Cell. Mol. Med., 9 (2005) 208-221.
Lambe M., Hsieh C., Trichopoulos D., Ekbom A., Pavia M., Adami H. O., Transient increase in the risk of breast cancer after giving birth, N. Engl. J. Med., 331 (1994) 5-9.
Beral V., Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease, The Lancet, 360 (2002) 187-195.
Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: further results. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer, Contraception, 54 (1996) 1S-106S.
European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Hormones and breast cancer. Human Reproduction Update; 10 (2004) 281-293.
Jernstrom H., Bendahl P. O., Lidfeldt J. et al. A prospective study of different types of hormone replacement therapy use and the risk of subsequent breast cancer: the women’s health in the lund area (WHILA) study (Sweden). Cancer Causes and Control, 14 (2003) 673-680.
Beral V., Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the million women study. Lancet; 362 (2003) 419-427.
La Vecchia C., Estrogen and combined estrogen-progestogen therapy in the menopause and breast cancer. Breast; 13 (2004) 515-518.
Ross R. K., Paganini-Hill A., Wan P. C., Pike M. C., Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92 (2000) 328-332.
Rossouw J. E., Anderson G. L., Prentice R. L., LaCroix A. Z., Kooperberg C., Stefanick M. L., Jackson R. D., Beresford S. A., Howard B. V., Johnson K. C., Kotchen J. M., Ockene J., Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 288 (2002) 321-333.
Rieck G., Fiander A., The effect of lifestyle factors on gynaecological cancer, Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 20 (2006) 227-251.
Blot W. J., Invited commentary: more evidence of increased risks of cancer among drinkes. Am J Epidemiol, 150 (1999) 1138-1140.
Fang J. L., Vaca C. E., Detection of DNA adducts of acetaldehyde in peripheral white blood cells of alcohol abusers, Carcinogenesis, 18 (1997) 627-632.
Seitz H. K., Garro A. J., Lieber C. S., Enhanced pulmonary and intestinal activaction of procarcinógenos and mutagens after chronic ethanol consumption in the rat. Eur J Clin Investig, 11 (1981) 33-38.
Swann P. F., Coe A. M., Mace R., Ethanol and diemthylnitrosamine and diethylnitrosamine metabolism and disposition in rat. Possible relevance to influence of enthanol on human cancer incidence, Carcinogenesis, 5 (1984) 1337-1343.
Lieber C., Cytochrome P-450E1: Its Physiological and pathological Role Physiol Rev, 77 (1997) 517-544.
Ardies C. M., Smith T. J., Kim S., Yang C. S., Induction of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridil)-butanona (NNK) activation in rat lung microsomes by chronic ethanol consumption and repeated running exercise, Cancer Lett, 103 (1996) 209-218.
Gronbaek M., Becker U., Johansen D. et al. Type of alcohol consumed and mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, and cancer. Annals of Internal Medicine, 133 (2000;) 411-419.
Schoket B., Phillips D., Kostic S., Vincze I., Smoking-associated bulky DNA adducts in bronchial tissue related to CYP1A1 MspI and GSTM1 genotypes in lung patients. Carcinogenesis, 19 (1998) 841-846.
González, C. A., Pera, G., Agudo, A., Palli, D., Krogh, V., Vineis, P., Tumino, T., et al., Smoking and the risk of gastric cancer in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) Int. J. Cancer, 107 (2003) 629-634.
Mirvish, S. S., Role of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) and N-nitrosation in etiology of gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal and bladder cancer and contribution to cancer of known exposures to NOC. Cancer Lett., 93 (1995) 17-48.
Iwata, F., Zhang, X. Y., Leung, F. W., Aggravation of gastric mucosal lesions in rat stomach by tobacco cigarette smoke. Digest. Dis. Sci., 40 (1995) 1118-1124.
Sontag J. M., Carcinogenicity of substitutedbenzendiamines J Natl Cancer Inst.; 66 (1981) 591-602.
Petro-Nustas W., Norton M. E., al-Masarweh I.; Risk factors for breast cancer in Jordanian women, J Nurs Scholarsh, 34 (2002) 19-25.
Takkouche B., Mahyar E., Montes-Martínez A., Personal Use of Hair Dyes and Risk of Cancer A Meta-analysis, JAMA,293 (2005) 2516-2525.
Evans G. W., Kantrowitz E., Socioeconomic status and health: The Potential Role of Environmental Risk Exposure. Annu. Rev. Public Health, 23 (2002) 303-31.
Martin F. L., Venitt S., Carmichael P. L., Crofton-Sleigh C., Stone E. M., Cole K. J., et al., DNA damage in breast epithelial cells: detection by the single-cell gel (comet) assay and induction by human mammary lipid extracts, Carcinogenesis, 18 (1997) 2299-2305.
Martin, F. L., Carmichael P. L., Crofton-Sleigh C., Venitt S., Phillips D. H., Grover P. L., Genotoxicity of human mammary lipid. Cancer Res., 56 (1996) 5342-5346.
Scott W. N., Miller W. R., The mutagenic activity of human breast secretions. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 116 (1990) 499-502.
Martin F. L., Cole K. J., Harvey D. P., Weaver G., Williams J. A., Millar B. C., et al., DNA damage in human breast milk cells and its induction by “early” and “late” milk extracts. Carcinogenesis 21 (2000) 799-804.
IARC (International agency for research on cancer) Press Release No. 157: Vegetables and fruits do not protect against breast cancer. www.iarc.fr; 2005.
IARC (ed.) Cruciferous Vegetables, Isothiocyanates and Indoles. Lyon: IARC Press, 2004.
Yamamoto S., Sobue T., Kobayashi M. et al. Soy, isoflavones, and breast cancer risk in Japan. Journal of the National Cancer Institute; 95 (2003) 906-913.
Modan B., Alfandary E., Chetrit A., Katz L. Increased risk of breast cancer after low-dose irradiation. Lancet; 333 (1989) 629-31.
Hulka B. S., Moorman P. G., Breast cancer: hormones and other risk factors, Maturitas, 38 (2001) 103-113.
Biglia N., Defabiani E., Ponzone R., Mariani L., Marenco D., Sismondi P., Management of risk of breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women, Endocr. Relat. Cancer, 11 (2004) 69-83.
Laden F., Collman G., Iwamoto K., et al. 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(pchlorophenyl) ethylene and polychlorinated biphenyls and breast cancer: combined analysis of five US studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 93 (2001) 768-776.
Chacko P., Joseph T., Mathew B. S., Rajan B., Pillai M. R., Role of xenobiotic metabolizing gene polymorphisms in breast cancer susceptibility and treatment outcome, Mutation Research 581 (2005) 153-163.
Veronesi U., Boyle P., Goldhirsch A., Orecchia R., Viale G., Breast cancer, Lancet; 365 (2005) 1727-41.
Bernstein L., Epidemiology of endocrine-related risk factors for breast cancer, J. Mammary. Gland. Biol. Neoplasia., 7 (2002) 3-15.
Dumitrescu R. G., Cotarla I., Understanding breast cancer risk -where do we stand in 2005? J. Cell. Mol. Med., 9 (2005) 208-221.
Lambe M., Hsieh C., Trichopoulos D., Ekbom A., Pavia M., Adami H. O., Transient increase in the risk of breast cancer after giving birth, N. Engl. J. Med., 331 (1994) 5-9.
Beral V., Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease, The Lancet, 360 (2002) 187-195.
Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: further results. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer, Contraception, 54 (1996) 1S-106S.
European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Hormones and breast cancer. Human Reproduction Update; 10 (2004) 281-293.
Jernstrom H., Bendahl P. O., Lidfeldt J. et al. A prospective study of different types of hormone replacement therapy use and the risk of subsequent breast cancer: the women’s health in the lund area (WHILA) study (Sweden). Cancer Causes and Control, 14 (2003) 673-680.
Beral V., Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the million women study. Lancet; 362 (2003) 419-427.
La Vecchia C., Estrogen and combined estrogen-progestogen therapy in the menopause and breast cancer. Breast; 13 (2004) 515-518.
Ross R. K., Paganini-Hill A., Wan P. C., Pike M. C., Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92 (2000) 328-332.
Rossouw J. E., Anderson G. L., Prentice R. L., LaCroix A. Z., Kooperberg C., Stefanick M. L., Jackson R. D., Beresford S. A., Howard B. V., Johnson K. C., Kotchen J. M., Ockene J., Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 288 (2002) 321-333.
Rieck G., Fiander A., The effect of lifestyle factors on gynaecological cancer, Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 20 (2006) 227-251.
Blot W. J., Invited commentary: more evidence of increased risks of cancer among drinkes. Am J Epidemiol, 150 (1999) 1138-1140.
Fang J. L., Vaca C. E., Detection of DNA adducts of acetaldehyde in peripheral white blood cells of alcohol abusers, Carcinogenesis, 18 (1997) 627-632.
Seitz H. K., Garro A. J., Lieber C. S., Enhanced pulmonary and intestinal activaction of procarcinógenos and mutagens after chronic ethanol consumption in the rat. Eur J Clin Investig, 11 (1981) 33-38.
Swann P. F., Coe A. M., Mace R., Ethanol and diemthylnitrosamine and diethylnitrosamine metabolism and disposition in rat. Possible relevance to influence of enthanol on human cancer incidence, Carcinogenesis, 5 (1984) 1337-1343.
Lieber C., Cytochrome P-450E1: Its Physiological and pathological Role Physiol Rev, 77 (1997) 517-544.
Ardies C. M., Smith T. J., Kim S., Yang C. S., Induction of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridil)-butanona (NNK) activation in rat lung microsomes by chronic ethanol consumption and repeated running exercise, Cancer Lett, 103 (1996) 209-218.
Gronbaek M., Becker U., Johansen D. et al. Type of alcohol consumed and mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, and cancer. Annals of Internal Medicine, 133 (2000;) 411-419.
Schoket B., Phillips D., Kostic S., Vincze I., Smoking-associated bulky DNA adducts in bronchial tissue related to CYP1A1 MspI and GSTM1 genotypes in lung patients. Carcinogenesis, 19 (1998) 841-846.
González, C. A., Pera, G., Agudo, A., Palli, D., Krogh, V., Vineis, P., Tumino, T., et al., Smoking and the risk of gastric cancer in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) Int. J. Cancer, 107 (2003) 629-634.
Mirvish, S. S., Role of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) and N-nitrosation in etiology of gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal and bladder cancer and contribution to cancer of known exposures to NOC. Cancer Lett., 93 (1995) 17-48.
Iwata, F., Zhang, X. Y., Leung, F. W., Aggravation of gastric mucosal lesions in rat stomach by tobacco cigarette smoke. Digest. Dis. Sci., 40 (1995) 1118-1124.
Sontag J. M., Carcinogenicity of substitutedbenzendiamines J Natl Cancer Inst.; 66 (1981) 591-602.
Petro-Nustas W., Norton M. E., al-Masarweh I.; Risk factors for breast cancer in Jordanian women, J Nurs Scholarsh, 34 (2002) 19-25.
Takkouche B., Mahyar E., Montes-Martínez A., Personal Use of Hair Dyes and Risk of Cancer A Meta-analysis, JAMA,293 (2005) 2516-2525.
Evans G. W., Kantrowitz E., Socioeconomic status and health: The Potential Role of Environmental Risk Exposure. Annu. Rev. Public Health, 23 (2002) 303-31.
Martin F. L., Venitt S., Carmichael P. L., Crofton-Sleigh C., Stone E. M., Cole K. J., et al., DNA damage in breast epithelial cells: detection by the single-cell gel (comet) assay and induction by human mammary lipid extracts, Carcinogenesis, 18 (1997) 2299-2305.
Martin, F. L., Carmichael P. L., Crofton-Sleigh C., Venitt S., Phillips D. H., Grover P. L., Genotoxicity of human mammary lipid. Cancer Res., 56 (1996) 5342-5346.
Scott W. N., Miller W. R., The mutagenic activity of human breast secretions. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 116 (1990) 499-502.
Martin F. L., Cole K. J., Harvey D. P., Weaver G., Williams J. A., Millar B. C., et al., DNA damage in human breast milk cells and its induction by “early” and “late” milk extracts. Carcinogenesis 21 (2000) 799-804.
IARC (International agency for research on cancer) Press Release No. 157: Vegetables and fruits do not protect against breast cancer. www.iarc.fr; 2005.
IARC (ed.) Cruciferous Vegetables, Isothiocyanates and Indoles. Lyon: IARC Press, 2004.
Yamamoto S., Sobue T., Kobayashi M. et al. Soy, isoflavones, and breast cancer risk in Japan. Journal of the National Cancer Institute; 95 (2003) 906-913.
Modan B., Alfandary E., Chetrit A., Katz L. Increased risk of breast cancer after low-dose irradiation. Lancet; 333 (1989) 629-31.
Hulka B. S., Moorman P. G., Breast cancer: hormones and other risk factors, Maturitas, 38 (2001) 103-113.
Biglia N., Defabiani E., Ponzone R., Mariani L., Marenco D., Sismondi P., Management of risk of breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women, Endocr. Relat. Cancer, 11 (2004) 69-83.
Laden F., Collman G., Iwamoto K., et al. 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(pchlorophenyl) ethylene and polychlorinated biphenyls and breast cancer: combined analysis of five US studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 93 (2001) 768-776.
