PDF (English)
FLIP
Cómo citar
1.
Acosta-Astaiza CP, Leyton-Luna J. Modelos de Salud Ambiental: Una revisión de la literatura. Hacia Promoc. Salud [Internet]. 1 de enero de 2025 [citado 8 de noviembre de 2025];30(1):21-3. Disponible en: https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/hacialapromociondelasalud/article/view/11091
Más formatos de cita
Autores/as
Claudia Patricia Acosta-Astaiza
Universidad del Cauca
Javier Leyton-Luna
Universidad del CaucaResumen
Colombia y América Latina presentan poca implementación en proyectos de salud ambiental; además, en la literatura se encuentran pocos modelos de abordaje, marcos conceptuales o lineamientos de referencia que respalden su implementación. Por ello, se hace necesario contribuir a la construcción de modelos generales para el abordaje de la salud ambiental, los cuales pueden sentar las bases para futuras investigaciones y aplicaciones prácticas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en Scopus, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore y Google académico utilizando los términos de búsqueda “Modelo de salud ambiental” o “Modelo de calidad ambiental” y “Marco” o “Indicadores” o “Gobierno” o “Sistema de información”. Solo se seleccionaron documentos, informes y artículos que describieran modelos, lineamientos o marcos conceptuales para el abordaje de la salud ambiental. En total, se seleccionaron y analizaron 24 estudios. La revisión permitió establecer tres elementos principales para el desarrollo de proyectos de salud ambiental. En primer lugar, las guías o lineamientos brindan un conjunto de pasos y fases para llevar a cabo este tipo de proyectos basados en experiencias previas. En segundo lugar, el contexto de análisis, que determina el alcance y enfoque del modelo o estrategia. En tercer lugar, los indicadores a utilizar, que proporcionan un medio cuantitativo de evaluación. La selección del indicador apropiado para una evaluación en particular depende de diversos factores, como el país, la población, la topografía, el tipo de comunidad. No se logró identificar un modelo general ni un conjunto de indicadores universalmente aplicables; por el contrario, la selección de indicadores es dependiente del contexto y varía según las características de la zona o región de estudio. Esto resalta la necesidad de contar con marcos adaptables y la importancia de integrar diversas fuentes de datos que respalden una toma de decisiones informada en salud ambiental.
Citas
1. Neira M, Prüss-Ustün A. Preventing disease through healthy environments: a global assessment of the environmental burden of disease. Toxicol Lett [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2025 Jun 28];259(S1):–. Available from: https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/213457
2. Fuller R, Landrigan PJ, Balakrishnan K, Bathan G, Bose-O’Reilly S, Brauer M, et al. Pollution and health: a progress update. Lancet Planet Health [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Jun 30];6(6):e535-e547. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0
3. García-Ubaque CA, García-Ubaque JC, Vaca-Bohórquez ML. Environmental health: the evolution of Colombia’s current regulatory framework. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2025 Jun 30];15(1):56-65. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v15n1.32216
4. Instituto Nacional de Salud. Informe de carga de enfermedad ambiental en Colombia [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.ins.gov.co/Noticias/Paginas/Informe-Carga-de-Enfermedad-Ambiental-en-Colombia.aspx
5. García‑Ubaque CA, García‑Ubaque JC, Vaca‑Bohórquez ML. Environmental health policies emphasizing air pollution and childhood in Colombian cities. Rev Salud Pública (Bogota) [Internet]. 2012 Jun [cited 2025 Jun 28];14 Suppl 2:100‑12.Available from: http://ref.scielo.org/w25ts6
6. Planeación Nacional. Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social (CONPES) 3550 [Internet]. República de Colombia: Departamento Nacional de Planeación; 2008 [cited 2025 Jun 28];54 p. Available from: https://colaboracion.dnp.gov.co/CDT/Conpes/Econ%C3%B3micos/3550.pdf
7. Pan American Health Organization. Environmental determinants of health [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/environmental-determinants-health
8. Dianelys PJ, Yosian IDG, Corona II, Beatriz M, René ED, González IV, et al. Current approach of environmental health [Internet]. Rev Cubana Hig Epidemiol. 2011 [cited 2025 Jun 28];49(1):84-92. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/hie/v49n1/hie10111.pdf
9. Comess S, Akbay A, Vasiliou M, Hines RN, Joppa L, Vasiliou V, et al. Bringing big data to bear in environmental public health: challenges and recommendations. Front Artif Intell [Internet]. 2020 May 15 [cited 2025 Jun 28];3:478444. Available from:https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2020.00031/full
10. Escobar L. Indicadores sintéticos de calidad ambiental: un modelo general para grandes zonas urbanas. Eure (Santiago) [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2025 Jun 28];32(96):73-98. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612006000200005
11. Price J, editor. The power of PACE EH [Internet]. Florida (USA): Department of Health; 2010 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/pace-eh/_documents/power-of-pace2021.pdf
12. Hubbard B, Gelting R, Baffigo V, Sarisky J. Community environmental health assessment strengthens environmental public health services in the Peruvian Amazon. Int J Hyg Environ Health [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2025 Jun 28];208(1-2):101-7.Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.010
13. Liu AY, Trtanj JM, Lipp EK, Balbus JM. Toward an integrated system of climate change and human health indicators: a conceptual framework. Clim Change [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 28];166(3-4):49. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-021-03125-w
14. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 28];372:n71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
15. Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 28];372:n160.Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160
16. Gurjar BR, Molina LT, Ojha CSP. Air pollution: health and environmental impacts. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2010,519 p.
17. World Health Organization. Development of environment and health indicators for European Union countries [Internet]. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2007 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_projects/2002/monitoring/fp_monitoring_2002_a1_frep_01_en.pdf
18. Schütz G, Hacon S, Silva H, Moreno Sánchez AR, Nagatani K. Application of key frameworks to an indicator-based evaluation of environmental health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Rev Panam Salud Publica [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2025 Jun 28];24(4):276-85. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19133177/
19. Corvalán CF, Kjellström T, Smith KR. Health, environment and sustainable development: identifying links and indicators to promote action. Epidemiology [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2025 Jun 28];10(5):656-60. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199909000-00036
20. World Health Organization. Environment, Climate Change and Health [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/phe/en/
21. Li L, Xu L, Jeng HA, Naik D, Allen T, Frontini M. Creation of environmental health information system for public health service: a pilot study. Inf Syst Front [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2025 Jun 28];10(5):531-42. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-008-9108-1
22. Tascomi. Public Protection Software England & Wales: Tascomi [Internet]. 2018. Available from: https://www.idoxgroup.com/ solutions/public-protection/
23. Wang Y, Gulliver J, McHugh C. Modeling the health impacts of air pollution exposures in London within the GENESIS system. In: 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP) [Internet]. Xian, China: IEEE; 2011 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. p. 2341-4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893737
24. Rubio JDJ, Hernández-Aguilar JA, Ávila-Camacho FJ, Stein-Carrillo JM, Meléndez-Ramírez A. Sensor System Based in Neural Networks for the Environmental Monitoring [Internet]. Ing Investig Tecnol. 2016 [cited 2025 Jun 28];XVII(2):12. Available from: https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-77432016000200211
25. Keller PE, Kouzes RT, Kangas LJ. Three neural network based, sensor systems for environmental monitoring. In: Electro International, Conference Proceedings.1994;pp. 377-82.
26. Bilal M, Oyedele LO, Qadir J, Munir K, Ajayi SO, Akinade OO, et al. Big Data in the construction industry: a review of present status, opportunities, and future trends [Internet]. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 2016 [cited 2025 Jun 28];30(3):500-21.Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2016.07.001
27. Likens GE, Bormann FH, Pierce RS, Eaton JS, Johnson NM, Pierce RS. Biogeochemistry of a forested ecosystem. 1st ed. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1977.
28. Wiemann S, Brauner J, Karrasch P, Henzen D, Bernard L. Design and prototype of an interoperable online air quality information system. Environ Model Softw [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2025 Jun 28];79:354–66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.10.028
29. Puente Burgos CA, Rodríguez García J, Polo Alvarado B, García C. Evaluación ambiental estratégica (EAE) para la formulación de política en materia de salud ambiental para Colombia, con énfasis en contaminación atmosférica en centros urbanos. Bogotá: [editor no especificado]; 2008. (Documento Técnico ASS/1487B).
30. Renalds A, Smith TH, Hale PJ. A systematic review of built environment and health. Fam Community Health [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2025 Jun 28];33(1):68-78. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/FCH.0b013e3181c4e2e5
31. World Health Organization. Panorama de la santé en Belgique 2004 [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/107772
32. Wcislo E, Dutkiewicz T, Konczalik J. Indicator-based assessment of environmental hazards and health effects in the industrial cities of upper Silesia, Poland. Environ Health Perspect [Internet]. 2002 Nov 1 [cited 2025 Jun 28];110(11):1133-40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.021101133
33. Satapathy S, Panda CR. Source identification, environmental risk assessment and human health risks associated with toxic elements present in a coastal industrial environment, India. Environ Geochem Health [Internet]. 2018 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Jun 28];40(6):2243-57. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10653-018-0095-y
34. Saha N, Rahman MS, Ahmed MB, Zhou JL, Ngo HH, Guo W. Industrial metal pollution in water and probabilistic assessment of human health risk. J Environ Manage [Internet]. 2017 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Jun 28];185:70-8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.023
35. Wu X, Bu X, Dong S, Ma Y, Ma Y, Ma Y, et al. The impact of restoration and protection based on Sustainable Development Goals on urban wetland health: a case of Yinchuan Plain urban wetland ecosystem, Ningxia, China. Sustainability [Internet].2023 Aug 11 [cited 2025 Jun 28];15(16):12287. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/16/12287/htm
36. Price J. The Power of PACE-EH [Internet]. Florida Department of Health; 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 28]; (powerpoint). Available from: https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/pace-eh/_documents/power-of-pace2021.pdf
37. Cookson J, Royall A, Diab R, Binede M. NOX and VOC measurements and health risk assessment in an informal settlement in Durban [Internet]. Clean Air J. 2007 Jun 3 [cited 2025 Jun 28];16(1):1-6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2007/16/1.7162
38. Zhao C, Zhang Y, Niu T, Ayana MT. Environmental health risk evaluation model for coastal chemical industry. J Healthc Eng [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Jun 28];2021(1):6896929. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6896929
39. Milando CW, Yitshak-Sade M, Zanobetti A, Levy JI, Laden F, Fabian MP. Modeling the impact of exposure reductions using multi-stressor epidemiology, exposure models, and synthetic microdata: an application to birthweight in two environmental justice communities. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol [Internet]. 2021 May 1 [cited 2025 Jun 28];31(3):442-53. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-021-00318-4
40. Caudeville J, Regrain C, Tognet F, Bonnard R, Guedda M, Brochot C, et al. Characterizing environmental inequalities using integrated exposure assessment and spatial approach [Internet]. 2020 Nov 12 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-021-00736-9
41. Ioannidou D, Malherbe L, Beauchamp M, Saby NPA, Bonnard R, Caudeville J. Characterization of environmental health inequalities due to polyaromatic hydrocarbon exposure in France. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2018 Nov 28 [cited 2025 Jun 28];15(12):2680. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/12/2680
42. Rojas A, Molina-Orjuela D, Peña-Rodríguez L, Hernández-Quirama A, Rojas-Betancur M, Amaya-Castellanos C, et al. Contrary perceptions of environmental health and the governance of the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, Colombia. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2023 Oct 1 [cited 2025 Jun 28];20(19):6838. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10572754/
2. Fuller R, Landrigan PJ, Balakrishnan K, Bathan G, Bose-O’Reilly S, Brauer M, et al. Pollution and health: a progress update. Lancet Planet Health [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Jun 30];6(6):e535-e547. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0
3. García-Ubaque CA, García-Ubaque JC, Vaca-Bohórquez ML. Environmental health: the evolution of Colombia’s current regulatory framework. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2025 Jun 30];15(1):56-65. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v15n1.32216
4. Instituto Nacional de Salud. Informe de carga de enfermedad ambiental en Colombia [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.ins.gov.co/Noticias/Paginas/Informe-Carga-de-Enfermedad-Ambiental-en-Colombia.aspx
5. García‑Ubaque CA, García‑Ubaque JC, Vaca‑Bohórquez ML. Environmental health policies emphasizing air pollution and childhood in Colombian cities. Rev Salud Pública (Bogota) [Internet]. 2012 Jun [cited 2025 Jun 28];14 Suppl 2:100‑12.Available from: http://ref.scielo.org/w25ts6
6. Planeación Nacional. Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social (CONPES) 3550 [Internet]. República de Colombia: Departamento Nacional de Planeación; 2008 [cited 2025 Jun 28];54 p. Available from: https://colaboracion.dnp.gov.co/CDT/Conpes/Econ%C3%B3micos/3550.pdf
7. Pan American Health Organization. Environmental determinants of health [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/environmental-determinants-health
8. Dianelys PJ, Yosian IDG, Corona II, Beatriz M, René ED, González IV, et al. Current approach of environmental health [Internet]. Rev Cubana Hig Epidemiol. 2011 [cited 2025 Jun 28];49(1):84-92. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/hie/v49n1/hie10111.pdf
9. Comess S, Akbay A, Vasiliou M, Hines RN, Joppa L, Vasiliou V, et al. Bringing big data to bear in environmental public health: challenges and recommendations. Front Artif Intell [Internet]. 2020 May 15 [cited 2025 Jun 28];3:478444. Available from:https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2020.00031/full
10. Escobar L. Indicadores sintéticos de calidad ambiental: un modelo general para grandes zonas urbanas. Eure (Santiago) [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2025 Jun 28];32(96):73-98. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612006000200005
11. Price J, editor. The power of PACE EH [Internet]. Florida (USA): Department of Health; 2010 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/pace-eh/_documents/power-of-pace2021.pdf
12. Hubbard B, Gelting R, Baffigo V, Sarisky J. Community environmental health assessment strengthens environmental public health services in the Peruvian Amazon. Int J Hyg Environ Health [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2025 Jun 28];208(1-2):101-7.Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.010
13. Liu AY, Trtanj JM, Lipp EK, Balbus JM. Toward an integrated system of climate change and human health indicators: a conceptual framework. Clim Change [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 28];166(3-4):49. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-021-03125-w
14. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 28];372:n71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
15. Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 28];372:n160.Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160
16. Gurjar BR, Molina LT, Ojha CSP. Air pollution: health and environmental impacts. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2010,519 p.
17. World Health Organization. Development of environment and health indicators for European Union countries [Internet]. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2007 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_projects/2002/monitoring/fp_monitoring_2002_a1_frep_01_en.pdf
18. Schütz G, Hacon S, Silva H, Moreno Sánchez AR, Nagatani K. Application of key frameworks to an indicator-based evaluation of environmental health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Rev Panam Salud Publica [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2025 Jun 28];24(4):276-85. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19133177/
19. Corvalán CF, Kjellström T, Smith KR. Health, environment and sustainable development: identifying links and indicators to promote action. Epidemiology [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2025 Jun 28];10(5):656-60. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199909000-00036
20. World Health Organization. Environment, Climate Change and Health [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/phe/en/
21. Li L, Xu L, Jeng HA, Naik D, Allen T, Frontini M. Creation of environmental health information system for public health service: a pilot study. Inf Syst Front [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2025 Jun 28];10(5):531-42. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-008-9108-1
22. Tascomi. Public Protection Software England & Wales: Tascomi [Internet]. 2018. Available from: https://www.idoxgroup.com/ solutions/public-protection/
23. Wang Y, Gulliver J, McHugh C. Modeling the health impacts of air pollution exposures in London within the GENESIS system. In: 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP) [Internet]. Xian, China: IEEE; 2011 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. p. 2341-4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWREP.2011.5893737
24. Rubio JDJ, Hernández-Aguilar JA, Ávila-Camacho FJ, Stein-Carrillo JM, Meléndez-Ramírez A. Sensor System Based in Neural Networks for the Environmental Monitoring [Internet]. Ing Investig Tecnol. 2016 [cited 2025 Jun 28];XVII(2):12. Available from: https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-77432016000200211
25. Keller PE, Kouzes RT, Kangas LJ. Three neural network based, sensor systems for environmental monitoring. In: Electro International, Conference Proceedings.1994;pp. 377-82.
26. Bilal M, Oyedele LO, Qadir J, Munir K, Ajayi SO, Akinade OO, et al. Big Data in the construction industry: a review of present status, opportunities, and future trends [Internet]. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 2016 [cited 2025 Jun 28];30(3):500-21.Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2016.07.001
27. Likens GE, Bormann FH, Pierce RS, Eaton JS, Johnson NM, Pierce RS. Biogeochemistry of a forested ecosystem. 1st ed. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1977.
28. Wiemann S, Brauner J, Karrasch P, Henzen D, Bernard L. Design and prototype of an interoperable online air quality information system. Environ Model Softw [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2025 Jun 28];79:354–66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.10.028
29. Puente Burgos CA, Rodríguez García J, Polo Alvarado B, García C. Evaluación ambiental estratégica (EAE) para la formulación de política en materia de salud ambiental para Colombia, con énfasis en contaminación atmosférica en centros urbanos. Bogotá: [editor no especificado]; 2008. (Documento Técnico ASS/1487B).
30. Renalds A, Smith TH, Hale PJ. A systematic review of built environment and health. Fam Community Health [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2025 Jun 28];33(1):68-78. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/FCH.0b013e3181c4e2e5
31. World Health Organization. Panorama de la santé en Belgique 2004 [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/107772
32. Wcislo E, Dutkiewicz T, Konczalik J. Indicator-based assessment of environmental hazards and health effects in the industrial cities of upper Silesia, Poland. Environ Health Perspect [Internet]. 2002 Nov 1 [cited 2025 Jun 28];110(11):1133-40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.021101133
33. Satapathy S, Panda CR. Source identification, environmental risk assessment and human health risks associated with toxic elements present in a coastal industrial environment, India. Environ Geochem Health [Internet]. 2018 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Jun 28];40(6):2243-57. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10653-018-0095-y
34. Saha N, Rahman MS, Ahmed MB, Zhou JL, Ngo HH, Guo W. Industrial metal pollution in water and probabilistic assessment of human health risk. J Environ Manage [Internet]. 2017 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Jun 28];185:70-8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.023
35. Wu X, Bu X, Dong S, Ma Y, Ma Y, Ma Y, et al. The impact of restoration and protection based on Sustainable Development Goals on urban wetland health: a case of Yinchuan Plain urban wetland ecosystem, Ningxia, China. Sustainability [Internet].2023 Aug 11 [cited 2025 Jun 28];15(16):12287. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/16/12287/htm
36. Price J. The Power of PACE-EH [Internet]. Florida Department of Health; 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 28]; (powerpoint). Available from: https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/pace-eh/_documents/power-of-pace2021.pdf
37. Cookson J, Royall A, Diab R, Binede M. NOX and VOC measurements and health risk assessment in an informal settlement in Durban [Internet]. Clean Air J. 2007 Jun 3 [cited 2025 Jun 28];16(1):1-6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2007/16/1.7162
38. Zhao C, Zhang Y, Niu T, Ayana MT. Environmental health risk evaluation model for coastal chemical industry. J Healthc Eng [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Jun 28];2021(1):6896929. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6896929
39. Milando CW, Yitshak-Sade M, Zanobetti A, Levy JI, Laden F, Fabian MP. Modeling the impact of exposure reductions using multi-stressor epidemiology, exposure models, and synthetic microdata: an application to birthweight in two environmental justice communities. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol [Internet]. 2021 May 1 [cited 2025 Jun 28];31(3):442-53. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-021-00318-4
40. Caudeville J, Regrain C, Tognet F, Bonnard R, Guedda M, Brochot C, et al. Characterizing environmental inequalities using integrated exposure assessment and spatial approach [Internet]. 2020 Nov 12 [cited 2025 Jun 28]. Available from: https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-021-00736-9
41. Ioannidou D, Malherbe L, Beauchamp M, Saby NPA, Bonnard R, Caudeville J. Characterization of environmental health inequalities due to polyaromatic hydrocarbon exposure in France. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2018 Nov 28 [cited 2025 Jun 28];15(12):2680. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/12/2680
42. Rojas A, Molina-Orjuela D, Peña-Rodríguez L, Hernández-Quirama A, Rojas-Betancur M, Amaya-Castellanos C, et al. Contrary perceptions of environmental health and the governance of the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, Colombia. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2023 Oct 1 [cited 2025 Jun 28];20(19):6838. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10572754/
