Rol de las prácticas parentales en la promoción de actividad física en la primera infancia en la ciudad de Cali

Abstract

Objective: To characterize parental practices to promote physical activity habits in children from one to five years of age. The study was conducted in 2014 in the city of Cali, Colombia. Methods: The study had a mixed-method design in two phases: a qualitative phase with phenomenological design (with 20 parents) and a quantitative phase with correlational cross-sectional design (with 91 parents from different socioeconomic level). In-depth interviews and the "Raising practices to promote healthy habits in early childhood" questionnaire were used as assessment tools. Results: In the interviews, most parents reported physical activity promotion practices such as the joint performance of activities, the proposal of activities that imply effort, the explanation of benefits, the accompaniment to sport places, the modeling and teaching of any sport. Quantitative data showed that most of the parents use responsive practices such as monitoring, explanation of benefits and accompaniment. Differences were found depending on socioeconomic level in practices such as facilitating access to appropriate spaces for physical activity. Conclusions: The results of the study point out the importance of involving parents in the promotion of physical activity and show some aspects to be considered in this kind of interventions.

Keywords:

Ejercicio

niño

relaciones padres-hijo

crianza del niño

promoción de la salud

Exercise

child

parent-child relationship

child raising

health promotion

Exercício

criança

relações pai-filho

educação infantil

promoção da saúde

References

1. Caspersen CJ, Powell CE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985; 100(2): 126-131.

2. Varela MT, Duarte C, Salazar IC, Lema LF, Tamayo JA. Actividad física y sedentarismo en jóvenes universitarios de Colombia: Prácticas, motivos y recursos para realizarlas. Colom Med. 2011; 2: 269-77.

3. Organización Mundial de la Salud. La salud y los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio [sede web]. 2005 [fecha de acceso 20 de nov 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/entity/hdp/publications/mdg_es.pdf

4. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Cáncer [sede web]. 2012 [fecha de acceso 15 de abril 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/es/index.html

5. Rojas ME. Aspectos epidemiológicos y psicológicos de la actividad y la inactividad físicas. En Flórez L, Botero MM, Moreno B. Psicología de la salud temas actuales de investigación en Latinoamérica. Bogotá: ALAPSA; 2005.

6. Hurley K, Cross M, Hughes S. A systematic review of responsive feeding and child obesity in high-income countries. The Journal of Nutrition. 2011; 141 (3): 495-501

7. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Obesidad y Sobrepeso [sede web]. 2012 [fecha de acceso 15 de abril 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/es/index.html

8. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Salud en las Américas [sede web]. 2007 [fecha de acceso 15 de abril 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.paho.org/cor/index.php?option=com_docman&view=download&category_slug=publicaciones&alias=256-salud-en-las-americas-2007-vol-1&Itemid=222

9. Profamilia, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar y Ministerio de la Protección Social. Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia 2010 - ENSIN [sede web]. 2010 [fecha de acceso 15 de abril 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.icbf.gov.co/portal/page/portal/PortalICBF

10. Equipo CEDETES-Universidad del Valle y Grupo de Vigilancia en Salud Pública Secretaría Municipal de Salud Pública. (2007). Factores de riesgo asociados a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en población de 18 años y más, Cali. En: Boletín Epidemiológico de Cali (p. 42-47). Cali: Secretaría Municipal de Salud Pública.

11. Domínguez P, Olivares S, Santos J. Influencia familiar sobre la conducta alimentaria y su relación con la obesidad infantil. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición. 2008; 58 (3): 249-55

12. Fernández V. Estilos parentales y riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad infantiles. Nutrición Hoy. 2010; 6 (3): 4-7

13. Sleddens E, Kremers S, Hughes S, Cross M, Thijs C, De Vries N, O'Connor T. Physical activity parenting: a systematic review of questionnaires and their associations with child activity levels. Obesity reviews. 2012; 13: 1015-33

14. Yeste D, García N, Gussinyer S, Marhuenda C, Clemente M, Albisu M, Gussinyer M, Carrascosa A. Perspectivas actuales del tratamiento de la obesidad infantil. Revista Española de Obesidad. 2008; 6 (3): 139-52

15. Campbell K, Hesketh K, Crawford D, Salmon J, Ball K, McCallum Z. The Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (INFANT) an early intervention to prevent childhood obesity: Cluster-randomised controlled trial. BioMed Central Public Health. 2008; 8: 103-12

16. Gubbels J, Kremers S, Stafleu A, de Vries S, Goldbhm R, Dagnelie P, de Vries N, Buuren S, Thijs C. Association between parenting practices and children's dietary intake, activity behavior and development of body mass index: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2011; 8: 18-31

17. Hinkley T, Salmon J, Okely A, Crawford D, Hesketh K. Preschoolers' Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Compliance with Recommendations. Medicine & Science in sports & Exercise. 2011; 44 (3): 458-65

18. Lanigan J, Barber S, Singhal A. Management of obesity prevention of obesity in preschool children. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2010; 69: 204-10

19. Adnan N, Muniandy N. The Relationship between Mothers' Educational Level and Feeding Practices among Children in Selected Kindergartens in Selangor, Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study. Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2012; 4 (2): 39-52

20. Birch L, Ventura A. Preventing childhood obesity: what works? International Journal of Obesity. 2009; 33: 74-81

21. Cid P, Merino J, Stiepovich J. Factores biológicos y psicosociales predictores del estilo de vida promotor de salud. Revista Médica de Chile. 2006; 134 (12): 1491-499

22. Finnerty T, Reeves S, Dabinett J, Jeanes Y, Vögele C. Effects of peer influence on dietary intake and physical activity in schoolchildren. Public Health Nutrition. 2009; 13 (3): 376-83

23. Hoelscher D, Springer A, Perry C, Evans A, Stigler M, Kelder S. Reductions in Child Obesity Among Disadvantaged School Children With Community Involvement: The Travis County CATCH Trial. Childhood Obesity. 2011; 18 (1): 36-44.

24. Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición. Estrategia NAOS, invertir la tendencia de la obesidad. 2005. Disponible en: http://www.aecosan.msssi.gob.es/AECOSAN/docs/documentos/nutricion/estrategianaos.pdf

25. Anzman S, Rollins B, Birch L. Parental influence on children's early eating environments and obesity risk: implications for prevention. International Journal of Obesity. 2010; 34: 116-24.

26. Golan M, Crow S. Parents are key players in the prevention and treatment of weight-related problems. Nutrition Reviews. 2004; 62 (1): 39-50

27. Arredondo E, Elder J, Ayala G, Campbell N, Baquero B, Duerksen S. Is parenting style related to children's healthy eating and physical activity in Latino families? Health Education Research. 2006; 21 (6): 862-71

28. Patrick H, Nicklas T, Hughes S, Morales M. The benefits of authoritative feeding style: caregiver feeding styles and childres's food consumption patterns. Appetite. 2005; 44: 243-49

29. Morales A, Sánchez L, Santoja F, Villanueva R, Álvarez C. Factores de riesgo para la obesidad infantil en niños de 9 a 12 años de edad de la Comunidad Valenciana. Revista Española de Obesidad. 2008; 6 (4): 215-22

30. Rodríguez A. Los efectos de la televisión en niños y adolescentes. Comunicar: Revista Científica Iberoamericana de Comunicación y Educación. 2005; 25 (2): 1134-3478

31. Stang J, Loth KA. Parenting style and child feeding practices: potential mitigating factors in the etiology of childhood obesity. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111(9): 1301-5.

32. Skouteris H, McCabe M, Swinburn B, Newgreen V, Sacher P, Chadwick P. Parental influence and obesity prevention in pre-schoolers: a systematic review of interventions. Obes Rev. 2011; 12(5): 315-28.

33. Sola K, Brekke N, Brekke M. An activity-based intervention for obese and physically inactive children organized in primary care: feasibility and impact on fitness and BMI. A one-year follow-up study. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2010; 28(4): 199-204.

34. Ministerio de la Protección Social, Ministerio de Educación Nacional, Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, Departamento Nacional de Planeación. Política pública nacional de primera infancia "Colombia por la primera infancia" [sede web]. 2007 [fecha de acceso 20 de mayo 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.deceroasiempre.gov.co/QuienesSomos/Paginas/Normativa.aspx

35. Congreso de Colombia. Ley 1355 de 2009. [sede web]. 2009 [fecha de acceso 20 de nov 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.icbf.gov.co/cargues/avance/docs/ley_1355_2009.htm

36. Onwuegbuzie AJ, Leech NL. Linking research questions to mixed methods data analysis procedures. Qual Report. 2006; 11(3): 474-498.

37. Hennessy E, Hughes S, Goldberg J, Hyatt R, Economos C. Parent-child interactions and objectively measured child physical activity: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2010; 71 (7): 1-14.

38. Musitu G, García J F. Consecuencias de la socialización familiar en la cultura española. Psicothema. 2004; 16 (2): 288-93

39. Shloim N, Edelson LR, Martin N, Hetherington MM. Parenting styles, feeding styles, feeding practices, and weight status in 4-12 year-old children: A systematic review of the literature. Front Psychol. 2015; 6: 1849-1858.