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Publication Date: 2015-07-01
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Farinola MG. Short trips, physical activity and vehicle emissions in the city of Buenos Aires. Hacia Promoc. Salud [Internet]. 2015 Jul. 1 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];20(2):43-58. Available from: https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/hacialapromociondelasalud/article/view/2164
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Abstract
Objective: To estimate the potential for physical activity increase and vehicle emissions reduction shifting to active modes those short trips done on motorized transportation in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. In October 2012 an origin/destination survey was conducted to a random sample of adult inhabitants of the Commune 7 of Buenos Aires (n = 302) with face to face interviewer. Information of people and trips they made the day before the interview was collected. Short trips were those whose distances were at or below the 85th percentile of distances actually walked and cycled. Results: distance of the trip was the variable mostly associated with active modes of transportation. Males used bicycle more than women and women walked more trips than men. None of the short trips based on work was made by bicycle. If these were changed to active modes, the short trips of walkable distance done in motorized modes, the amount of participants that would follow the daily recommendations of physical activity for health would be 7% and vehicle emissions would reduce between 3.1% and 9.1% depending on the type of pollutant. In the case of bikeable distance short trips, 36.6% of participants would achieve daily physical activity recommendations and between 27.7% and 50.5% of vehicle emissions would be avoided. Conclusions: In comparison with the improvement potential of other actions, it can be concluded that there is a substantial potential for increased physical activity and reduced vehicle emissions in Buenos Aires shifting short trips made on motorized modes to active modes, especially for bikeable distance short trips. It is necessary to study which portion of short trips is feasible to switch to active transportation modes.
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References
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31. Ferrante D, Linetzky B, Konfino J, King A, Virgolini M, Laspiur S. Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo 2009: Evolución de la epidemia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Argentina. Estudio de corte transversal. Rev Argent Salud Pública. 2011; 2(6): 34-41.
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34. Mackett R. Why do people use their cars for short trips? Transportation. 2003; (3): 329-49.
35. Christiansen L, Madsen T, Schipperijn J, Ersbøll A, Troelsen J. Variations in active transport behavior among different neighborhoods and across adult life stages. J Transp Health. 2014; 1(4): 316-325.
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2. World Health Organization. Burden of disease from ambient air pollution for 2012 [Internet]. World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland; 2014. [acceso 1 de julio de 2014]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/AAP_BoD_results_March2014.pdf
3. Smith K, Woodward A, Campbell-Lendrum D, Chadee D, Honda Y, Li Q, et al. Human health: impacts, adaptation, and co-benefits. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects [Internet]. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA; 2014. [acceso 1 de agosto de 2014]. Disponible en: http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap11_FGDall.pdf
4. World Health Organization. A physically active life through every day transport [Internet]. European Centre for Environment and Health. Rome office. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Rome, Italy; 2002. [acceso 1 de julio de 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/87572/E75662.pdf
5. Global Advocacy for Physical Activity and International Society for Physical Activity and Health. NCD Prevention: Investments that work for physical activity. Br J Sports Med. 2012; 46(10): 709-12.
6. Krzyzanowski M, Kuna-Dibbert B, Schneider J. Health effects of transport-related air pollution [Internet]. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2005. [acceso 1 de junio de 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/74715/E86650.pdf
7. Beelen R, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Stafoggia M, Andersen ZJ, Weinmayr G, Hoffmannet B, et al. Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality: an analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project. Lancet. 2014; 383(9919): 785-95.
8. World Health Organization. Frequently asked questions. Ambient and household air pollution and health. Update 2014 [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2014. [acceso 1 de agosto de 2014]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/faqs_air_pollution.pdf
9. Sims R, Schaeffer R, Creutzig F, Cruz-Núñez X, D'Agosto M, Dimitriu D, et al. Transport. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Internet]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA; 2014. [acceso 1 de agosto de 2014]. Disponible en: http://report.mitigation2014.org/drafts/final-draft-postplenary/ipcc_wg3_ar5_final-draft_postplenary_chapter8.pdf
10. Agencia de Protección Ambiental. Cambio climático. Plan de acción Buenos Aires 2030 [Internet]. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. [acceso 1 de julio de 2014]. Disponible en: http://www.iclei.org.br/polics/CD/P2_3_Pol%C3%ADticas%20de%20Constru%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20Sustent%C3%A1veis/11_Politicas%20de%20Cambio%20Clim%C3%A1tico/PDF90_Buenos_Aires_Cambio_Climatico_PlanAccion.PDF
11. De Hartog J, Boogaard H, Nijland H, Hoek G. Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks? Environ Health Perspect. 2010; 118(8): 1109-16.
12. De Nazelle A, Morton B, Jerrett M, Crawford-Brown D. Short trips: An opportunity for reducing mobile-source emissions? Transp Res D Transp Environ. 2010; 15(8): 451-7.
13. Rabl A, De Nazelle A. Benefits of shift from car to active transport. Transport Policy. 2012; 19(1): 121-31.
14. Farrell P. Short trip active mode research: 2009 update survey [Internet]. Report prepared for the Greater Wellington Regional Council; 2009. [acceso 1 de julio de 2014]. Disponible en: http://www.livingstreets.org.nz/sites/livingstreets.org.nz/files/Short_Trip_Active_Mode_Research.pdf
15. Garrard J. Active transport: Adults. An overview of recent evidence [Internet]. Victorian Health Promotion Foundation. Victoria, Australia; 2009. [acceso 1 de julio de 2014]. Disponible en: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/~/media/ResourceCentre/PublicationsandResources/Active%20travel/Active_Transport_Adults_FINAL.ashx
16. Woodcock J, Edwards P, Tonne C, Armstrong BG, Ashiru O, Banister D, et al. Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: urban land transport. Lancet. 2009; 374(9705): 1930-43.
17. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Salud en Sudamérica, edición de 2012: panorama de la situación de salud y de las políticas y sistemas de salud [Internet]. Washington DC, Estados Unidos; 2012. [acceso 1 de julio de 2013]. Disponible en: http://www.paho.org/chi/images/PDFs/salud%20en%20sam%202012%20%28ene.13%29.pdf
18. Goss P, Lee B, Badovinac-Crnjevic T, Strasser-Weippl K, Chavarri-Guerra Y, St Louis J, et al. Planning cancer control in Latin America and the Caribbean. Lancet Oncol. 2013; 14(5): 391-436.
19. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Segunda encuesta nacional de factores de riesgo para enfermedades no transmisibles. Primera Edición [Internet]. Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2011. [acceso 1 de septiembre de 2014]. Disponible en: http://www.msal.gov.ar
20. D'Angiola A, Dawidowski LE, Gómez D, Osses M. On-road traffic emissions in a megacity. Atmos Environ. 2010; 44(4): 483-93.
21. Secretaría de Transporte de la Nación. Encuesta de origen/destino 2008: Movilidad en el Área Metropolitana de Rosario [Internet]. Proyecto de Transporte Urbano de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2011. [acceso 1 de julio de 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.transporte.gov.ar/
22. Secretaría de Transporte de la Nación. Encuesta de movilidad domiciliaria (ENMODO) 2009-2010: Movilidad en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires [Internet]. Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2012. [acceso 1 de julio de 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.transporte.gov.ar/
23. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. Censo 2010. Resultados definitivos [Internet]. Buenos Aires: INDEC. [acceso 1 de julio de 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/resultadosdefinitivos.asp
24. United Nations. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision [Internet]. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division, New york, US; 2012. [acceso 1 de julio de 2014]. Disponible en: https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/
25. Van Dyck D, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Cardon G, Deforche B. Criterion distances and correlates of active transportation to school in Belgian older adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act [Internet] 2010 [acceso 1 de julio de 2012]; 7:87. Disponible en: http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/7/1/87
26. Ainsworth B, Haskell W, Herrmann S, Meckes N, Bassett D JR., Tudor-Locke C, et al. 2011 Compendium of physical activities: A second update of codes and MET values. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011; 43(8): 1575-81.
27. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Recomendaciones mundiales sobre actividad física para la salud [Internet]. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Ginebra, Suiza; 2010. [acceso 1 de julio de 2012]. Disponible en: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789243599977_spa.pdf?ua=1
28. Dirección General de Estadística y Censos del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Anuario estadístico Ciudad de Buenos Aires 2012 [Internet]. Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2013. [acceso 1 de julio de 2014]. Disponible en: http://www.estadisticaciudad.gob.ar/eyc/
29. Reis R, Hino A, Parra D, Hallal P, Brownson R. Bicycling and walking for transportation in three brazilian cities. Am J Prev Med. 2013; 44(2): e9-e17.
30. Ogilvie D, Foster C, Rothnie H, Cavill N, Hamilton V, Fitzsimons C, et al. Interventions to promote walking: systematic review. BMJ [Internet] 2007 [acceso 1 de julio de 2014]; 334:1204. Disponible en: http://www.bmj.com/content/334/7605/1204
31. Ferrante D, Linetzky B, Konfino J, King A, Virgolini M, Laspiur S. Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo 2009: Evolución de la epidemia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Argentina. Estudio de corte transversal. Rev Argent Salud Pública. 2011; 2(6): 34-41.
32. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Plan de movilidad sustentable [Internet]. [acceso 1 de octubre de 2014]. Disponible en: http://movilidad.buenosaires.gob.ar/
33. Agencia de Protección Ambiental. Plan estratégico 2008-2012 [Internet]. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; 2008. [acceso 1 de julio de 2014]. Disponible en: http://estatico.buenosaires.gov.ar/areas/med_ambiente/apra/institucional/archivos/pe_1era_parte.pdf?menu_id=32258
34. Mackett R. Why do people use their cars for short trips? Transportation. 2003; (3): 329-49.
35. Christiansen L, Madsen T, Schipperijn J, Ersbøll A, Troelsen J. Variations in active transport behavior among different neighborhoods and across adult life stages. J Transp Health. 2014; 1(4): 316-325.
36. Edenhofer O, Pichs-Madruga R, Sokona Y, Kadner S, Minx JC, Brunner S, et al. Technical Summary. In: Edenhofer O, Pichs-Madruga R, Sokona Y, Farahani E, Kadner S, Seyboth K, et al., editors. Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate [Internet]. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2014. [acceso 1 de diciembre 2014]. Disponible en: http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/
