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Biolatto L. Estrategias con adolescentes para prevenir el consumo problemático de alcohol: modalidades y ámbitos de aplicación. Hacia Promoc. Salud [Internet]. 25 de mayo de 2018 [citado 21 de noviembre de 2024];23(2):48-66. Disponible en: https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/hacialapromociondelasalud/article/view/3601
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Objetivo: Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo general identificar y describir las estrategias para la promoción de la salud con incidencia en la prevención del consumo problemático de alcohol en adolescentes que han sido evaluadas por estudios científicos. Materiales y métodos: Para ello se realizó un estudio cualitativo que revela la evidencia bibliográfica disponible sobre estrategias de prevención del consumo problemático de alcohol de adolescentes. Resultados: Se identificaron estrategias basadas en las escuelas, en las familias, multicomponente, de abordaje directo y legal, con sus aspectos positivos y negativos, así como su diferente grado de efectividad. Con base en ello, puede inferirse que las estrategias de mayor efectividad son aquellas con enfoque de educación para la salud psicosocial, intersectoriales, que trabajan con las familias, contextualizadas y enmarcadas en un cuerpo legislativo acorde. Conclusiones: La combinación de diversas estrategias ya validadas es más efectiva que la utilización de un solo tipo de estrategia.
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1. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Global status report on alcohol and health 2014. Ginebra: OMS; 2014.
2. Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet 2009; 373(9682): 2223-2233.
3. Mariden Shanken Communications. The Global Drinks Market: impact databank review and forecast 2011 edition. New York: Mariden Shanken Communications; 2012.
4. Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Informe de situación regional sobre el alcohol y la salud en las Américas. Washington: OPS; 2015.
5. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Global Burden of Disease study 2010 (GBD 2010) results by risk factor 1990-2010. Seattle: IHME; 2013.
6. Mäkelä K, Mustonen H. Relationships of drinking behaviour, gender and age with reported negative and positive experiences related to drinking. Addiction 2000; 95: 727-736.
7. Moral-Jiménez MV, Rodríguez-Díaz FJ, Sirvent-Ruiz C. Motivadores de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes: análisis de diferencias inter-género y propuesta de un continuum etiológico. Adicciones 2005; 17(2): 105-120.
8. Hibell B, Guttormsson U, Ahlström S, Balakireva O, Bjarnason T, Kokkevi AE, et al. The 2011 ESPAD Report - Substance use among students in 36 European Countries. Stockholm: Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); 2012.
9. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Encuesta Mundial de Salud a Escolares (Global SchoolBased Student Health Survey) 2013 Core Questionnaire Modules. Ginebra; OMS: 2013.
10. Míguez H. La alcoholización juvenil en Argentina. Acta Psiquiát Psicol. América Latina 2004; 50(1): 43-47.
11. Moral MV, Rodríguez FJ, Sirvent C. Factores relacionados con las actitudes juveniles hacia el consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias psicoactivas. Psicothema 2006; 18(1): 52-58.
12. Míguez H. Alcoholización juvenil en la Argentina: del consumo cotidiano al “binge drinking”. Actualizaciones en Alcohología 2007; 1: 5-7.
13. Serrano EV, Panossian M. La problemática del alcohol en Argentina. Estrategias desde el Programa Nacional de Prevención y Lucha frente al Consumo Excesivo de Alcohol. En: Dirección Nacional de Salud Mental y Adicciones. Políticas públicas de salud mental: enfoques, estrategias y experiencias con base en la comunidad. Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Salud de Argentina; 2015.
14. Pascual-Pastor F. Imagen social de las bebidas alcohólicas. Adicciones 2000; 14(S1): 115-122.
15. Arizaga C, Quiña G, Jajamovich G. Imaginarios sociales y prácticas de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes de escuelas de nivel medio. VII Jornadas de Sociología. Buenos Aires: Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires; 2007.
16. Cumsille PE, Sayer AG, Graham J. Perceived exposure to peer and adult drinking as predictors of growth in positive alcohol expectancies during adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2000; 68: 531-536.
17. Pilatti A, Godoy JC, Brussino SA. Construcción y valoración psicométrica del Cuestionario de Expectativas hacia el Alcohol para Adolescentes de Argentina (CEA-A). Anales de Psicología 2010; 26: 288-301.
18. Kuntsche E, Knibbe R, Gmel G, Engels R. Who drinks and why? A review of socio-demographic, personality, and contextual issues behind the drinking motives in young people. Addictive Behaviors 2006; 31: 1844-1857.
19. Pilatti A, Brussino SA, Godoy JC. Factores que influyen en el consumo de alcohol de adolescentes argentinos: un path análisis prospectivo. Revista de Psicología 2013; 22(1), 22-36.
20. Edwards G, Anderson P, Babor TF, Casswell S, Ferrence R, Giesbrecht N, et al. Alcohol policy and the public good. Londres: Oxford University Press; 1995.
21. Villalba JR, Gual A. Las políticas preventivas del consumo de sustancias adictivas y la responsabilidad de los profesionales. Adicciones 2009; 21(1): 5-8.
22. Michaels D. Doubt is their product. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.
23. Espada JP, Pereira JR, García-Fernández JM. Influencia de los modelos sociales en el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes. Psicothema 2008; 20(4): 531-537.
24. Talbott LL, Martin RJ, Usdan SL, Leeper JD, Umstattd MR, Cremeens JL, et al. Drinking likelihood alcohol problems, and peer influence among first-year college students. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2008; 34: 433-440.
25. Londoño C, Valencia S, Sánchez L, León V. Diseño del cuestionario resistencia a la presión de grupo en el consumo de alcohol (CRPG). Suma Psicológica 2007; 14: 271-285.
26. Andrade-Palos P, Pérez-de la Barrera C, Alfaro-Martínez LB, Sánchez-Oviedo ME, López-Montes de Oca A. Resistencia a la presión de pares y pareja y consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes. Adicciones 2009; 21(3): 243-250.
27. Botvin G, Griffin K. Prevention science, drug abuse prevention and Life Skills Training: Comments on the state of the science. Journal of Experimental Criminology 2004; 1: 63-78.
28. Ruiz-Juan F, Ruiz-Risueño J. Variables predictoras de consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes españoles. Anales de psicología 2011; 27(2): 350-359.
29. Salamó-Avellaneda A, Gras-Pérez ME, Font-Mayolas S. Patrones de consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia. Psicothema 2010; 22(2): 189-195.
30. Cronin P, Ryan F, Coughlan M. Undertaking a literature: a step by step approach. British Journal of Nursing 2008; 17(1): 38-43.
31. Grant M, Brooth A. A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Info Libr J 2009; 26(2): 91-108.
32. Foxcroft DR, Tsertsvadze A. Universal school-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people (Review). Evid.-Based Child Health 2012; 7(2): 450-475.
33. Faggiano F, Minozzi S, Versino E, Buscemi D. Universal school-based prevention for illicit drug use. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014; Issue 12: CD003020.
34. Moral-Jiménez MV, Rodríguez-Díaz FJ, Ovejero-Bernal A, Sirvent-Ruiz C. Cambios actitudinales y reducción del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes a partir de un programa de intervención psicosocial. Adicciones 2009; 21(3): 207-220.
35. Alfaro-Martínez LB, Sánchez-Oviedo ME, Andrade-Palos P, Pérez-de la Barrera C, Montes-de Oca A. Habilidades para la vida, consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes. Revista Española de Drogodependencias 2010; 35(1): 67-77.
36. Vigna-Taglianti FD, Galanti MR, Burkhart G, Caria MP, Vadrucci S, Faggiano F. “Unplugged,” a European school-based program for substance use prevention among adolescents: Overview of results from the EU-Dap trial. New Directions for Youth Development 2014; 2014(141): 67-82.
37. Poduska JM, Kurki A. Guided by theory, informed by practice: training and support for the Good Behavior Game, a classroom-based behavior management strategy. Journal of emotional and behavioral disorders 2014; 22(2): 83-94.
38. Agabio R, Trincas G, Floris F, Mura G, Sancassiani F, Angermeyer MC. A systematic review of school-based alcohol and other drug prevention programs. Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 2015; 11(S1): 102-112.
39. Abraham C, Michie S. A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychology 2008; 27: 379-387.
40. Faggiano F, Vigna-Tagliantia F, Burkhart G, Bohrn K, Cuomo L, Gregori D, et al. The effectiveness of a school-based substance abuse prevention program: 18-Month follow-up of the EU-Dap cluster randomized controlled trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2010; 108(1-2): 56-64.
41. Velleman R. Alcohol prevention programmes: a review of the literature for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (part two). York: Robert Rowntree Foundation; 2009.
42. Carney T, Myers BJ, Louw J, Okwundu CI. Brief school-based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance-using adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016; 1: CD008969.
43. Korczak D, Steinhauser G, Dietl M. Prevention of alcohol misuse among children, youths and young adults. GMS Health Technol Assess. 2011; 7: 1-9.
44. Vermeulen-Smit E, Verdurmen JEE, Engels RCME. The effectiveness of family interventions in preventing adolescent illicit drug use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2015; 18(3): 218-239.
45. Segrott J, Gillespie D, Holliday J, Humphreys I, Murphy S, Phillips C, et al. Preventing substance misuse: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the Strengthening Families Programme 10-14 UK. BMC Public Health 2014; 14(49): 1-22.
46. Stormshak EA, Dishion TJ. A school-based, family-centered intervention to prevent substance use: the Family Check-Up. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2009; 35(4): 227-232.
47. Petrie J, Bunn F, Byrne G. Parenting programmes for preventing tobacco, alcohol or drugs misuse in children <18: a systematic review. Health Educ Res 2007; 22(2): 177-191.
48. Foxcroft DR, Tsertsvadze A. Universal family-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011; 9: CD009308.
49. Miller T, Hendrie D. Substance abuse prevention dollars and cents: a cost-benefit analysis. Rockville: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2009.
50. Baldus C, Thomsen M, Sack PM, Bröning S, Arnaud N, Daubmann A, et al. Evaluation of a German version of the Strengthening Families Programme 10-14: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Public Health. 2016; 26(6): 953-959.
51. Toumbourou JW, Stockwell T, Neighbors C, Marlatt GA, Sturge J, Rehm J. Interventions to reduce harm associated with adolescent substance use. Lancet 2007; 369: 1391-1401.
52. Connell A, Dishion T, Yasui M, Kavanagh K. An adaptive approach to family intervention: linking engagement in family centered intervention to reductions in adolescent problem behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2007; 75(4): 568-579.
53. Foxcroft DR, Tsertsvadze A. Universal multi-component prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 9: CD009307.
54. Sanders MR. Development, evaluation, and multinational dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2012; 8: 345-379.
55. Bobrowski KJ, Pisarska A, Staszewski KO, Borucka A. Effectiveness of alcohol prevention program for pre-adolescents. Psychiatr Pol. 2014; 48(3): 527-539.
56. Thomas RE, Lorenzetti D, Spragins W. Mentoring adolescents to prevent drug and alcohol use. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 11: CD007381.
57. Herrera C, Grossman JB, Kauh TJ, McMaken J. Mentoring in schools: an impact study of Big Brothers Big Sisters school-based mentoring. Child Development 2011; 82(1): 346-361.
58. Melendez-Torres GJ, Dickson K, Fletcher A, Thomas J, Hinds K, Campbell R, et al. Positive youth development programmes to reduce substance use in young people: Systematic review. Journal of Drug Policy 2016; 36: 95-103.
59. Anderson P, Chisholm D, Fuhr DC. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol. Lancet 2009; 373(9682): 2234-2246.
60. Martineau F, Tyner E, Lorenc T, Petticrew M, Lock K. Population-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm: an overview of systematic reviews. Prev Med. 2013; 57(4): 278-296.
61. Anderson P, De Bruijn A, Angus K, Gordon R, Hastings G. Impact of alcohol advertising and media exposure on adolescent alcohol use: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Alcohol 2009; 44(3): 229-243.
62. Tortosa-Salazar V. Publicidad y alcohol: situación de España como país miembro de la Unión Europea. Rev Esp Com Sal. 2010; 1(1): 30-39.
63. Alcohol and public policy group. Alcohol: no ordinary commodity - a summary of the second edition. Addiction 2010; 105(5): 769-779.
64. Villalbí JR, Bosque-Prous M, Gili-Miner M, Espelt A, Brugal MT. Políticas para prevenir los daños causados por el alcohol. Rev Esp Salud Pública 2014; 88(4): 515-528.
65. Livingston M, Chikritzhs T, Room R. Changing the density of alcohol outlets to reduce alcohol related problems. Drug Alcohol Rev 2007; 26(5): 553-562.
66. Alcohol and public policy group. Alcohol: no ordinary commodity - a summary of the second edition. Addiction 2010; 105(5): 769-779.
2. Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet 2009; 373(9682): 2223-2233.
3. Mariden Shanken Communications. The Global Drinks Market: impact databank review and forecast 2011 edition. New York: Mariden Shanken Communications; 2012.
4. Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Informe de situación regional sobre el alcohol y la salud en las Américas. Washington: OPS; 2015.
5. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Global Burden of Disease study 2010 (GBD 2010) results by risk factor 1990-2010. Seattle: IHME; 2013.
6. Mäkelä K, Mustonen H. Relationships of drinking behaviour, gender and age with reported negative and positive experiences related to drinking. Addiction 2000; 95: 727-736.
7. Moral-Jiménez MV, Rodríguez-Díaz FJ, Sirvent-Ruiz C. Motivadores de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes: análisis de diferencias inter-género y propuesta de un continuum etiológico. Adicciones 2005; 17(2): 105-120.
8. Hibell B, Guttormsson U, Ahlström S, Balakireva O, Bjarnason T, Kokkevi AE, et al. The 2011 ESPAD Report - Substance use among students in 36 European Countries. Stockholm: Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); 2012.
9. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Encuesta Mundial de Salud a Escolares (Global SchoolBased Student Health Survey) 2013 Core Questionnaire Modules. Ginebra; OMS: 2013.
10. Míguez H. La alcoholización juvenil en Argentina. Acta Psiquiát Psicol. América Latina 2004; 50(1): 43-47.
11. Moral MV, Rodríguez FJ, Sirvent C. Factores relacionados con las actitudes juveniles hacia el consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias psicoactivas. Psicothema 2006; 18(1): 52-58.
12. Míguez H. Alcoholización juvenil en la Argentina: del consumo cotidiano al “binge drinking”. Actualizaciones en Alcohología 2007; 1: 5-7.
13. Serrano EV, Panossian M. La problemática del alcohol en Argentina. Estrategias desde el Programa Nacional de Prevención y Lucha frente al Consumo Excesivo de Alcohol. En: Dirección Nacional de Salud Mental y Adicciones. Políticas públicas de salud mental: enfoques, estrategias y experiencias con base en la comunidad. Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Salud de Argentina; 2015.
14. Pascual-Pastor F. Imagen social de las bebidas alcohólicas. Adicciones 2000; 14(S1): 115-122.
15. Arizaga C, Quiña G, Jajamovich G. Imaginarios sociales y prácticas de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes de escuelas de nivel medio. VII Jornadas de Sociología. Buenos Aires: Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires; 2007.
16. Cumsille PE, Sayer AG, Graham J. Perceived exposure to peer and adult drinking as predictors of growth in positive alcohol expectancies during adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2000; 68: 531-536.
17. Pilatti A, Godoy JC, Brussino SA. Construcción y valoración psicométrica del Cuestionario de Expectativas hacia el Alcohol para Adolescentes de Argentina (CEA-A). Anales de Psicología 2010; 26: 288-301.
18. Kuntsche E, Knibbe R, Gmel G, Engels R. Who drinks and why? A review of socio-demographic, personality, and contextual issues behind the drinking motives in young people. Addictive Behaviors 2006; 31: 1844-1857.
19. Pilatti A, Brussino SA, Godoy JC. Factores que influyen en el consumo de alcohol de adolescentes argentinos: un path análisis prospectivo. Revista de Psicología 2013; 22(1), 22-36.
20. Edwards G, Anderson P, Babor TF, Casswell S, Ferrence R, Giesbrecht N, et al. Alcohol policy and the public good. Londres: Oxford University Press; 1995.
21. Villalba JR, Gual A. Las políticas preventivas del consumo de sustancias adictivas y la responsabilidad de los profesionales. Adicciones 2009; 21(1): 5-8.
22. Michaels D. Doubt is their product. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.
23. Espada JP, Pereira JR, García-Fernández JM. Influencia de los modelos sociales en el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes. Psicothema 2008; 20(4): 531-537.
24. Talbott LL, Martin RJ, Usdan SL, Leeper JD, Umstattd MR, Cremeens JL, et al. Drinking likelihood alcohol problems, and peer influence among first-year college students. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2008; 34: 433-440.
25. Londoño C, Valencia S, Sánchez L, León V. Diseño del cuestionario resistencia a la presión de grupo en el consumo de alcohol (CRPG). Suma Psicológica 2007; 14: 271-285.
26. Andrade-Palos P, Pérez-de la Barrera C, Alfaro-Martínez LB, Sánchez-Oviedo ME, López-Montes de Oca A. Resistencia a la presión de pares y pareja y consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes. Adicciones 2009; 21(3): 243-250.
27. Botvin G, Griffin K. Prevention science, drug abuse prevention and Life Skills Training: Comments on the state of the science. Journal of Experimental Criminology 2004; 1: 63-78.
28. Ruiz-Juan F, Ruiz-Risueño J. Variables predictoras de consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes españoles. Anales de psicología 2011; 27(2): 350-359.
29. Salamó-Avellaneda A, Gras-Pérez ME, Font-Mayolas S. Patrones de consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia. Psicothema 2010; 22(2): 189-195.
30. Cronin P, Ryan F, Coughlan M. Undertaking a literature: a step by step approach. British Journal of Nursing 2008; 17(1): 38-43.
31. Grant M, Brooth A. A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Info Libr J 2009; 26(2): 91-108.
32. Foxcroft DR, Tsertsvadze A. Universal school-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people (Review). Evid.-Based Child Health 2012; 7(2): 450-475.
33. Faggiano F, Minozzi S, Versino E, Buscemi D. Universal school-based prevention for illicit drug use. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014; Issue 12: CD003020.
34. Moral-Jiménez MV, Rodríguez-Díaz FJ, Ovejero-Bernal A, Sirvent-Ruiz C. Cambios actitudinales y reducción del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes a partir de un programa de intervención psicosocial. Adicciones 2009; 21(3): 207-220.
35. Alfaro-Martínez LB, Sánchez-Oviedo ME, Andrade-Palos P, Pérez-de la Barrera C, Montes-de Oca A. Habilidades para la vida, consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes. Revista Española de Drogodependencias 2010; 35(1): 67-77.
36. Vigna-Taglianti FD, Galanti MR, Burkhart G, Caria MP, Vadrucci S, Faggiano F. “Unplugged,” a European school-based program for substance use prevention among adolescents: Overview of results from the EU-Dap trial. New Directions for Youth Development 2014; 2014(141): 67-82.
37. Poduska JM, Kurki A. Guided by theory, informed by practice: training and support for the Good Behavior Game, a classroom-based behavior management strategy. Journal of emotional and behavioral disorders 2014; 22(2): 83-94.
38. Agabio R, Trincas G, Floris F, Mura G, Sancassiani F, Angermeyer MC. A systematic review of school-based alcohol and other drug prevention programs. Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 2015; 11(S1): 102-112.
39. Abraham C, Michie S. A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychology 2008; 27: 379-387.
40. Faggiano F, Vigna-Tagliantia F, Burkhart G, Bohrn K, Cuomo L, Gregori D, et al. The effectiveness of a school-based substance abuse prevention program: 18-Month follow-up of the EU-Dap cluster randomized controlled trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2010; 108(1-2): 56-64.
41. Velleman R. Alcohol prevention programmes: a review of the literature for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (part two). York: Robert Rowntree Foundation; 2009.
42. Carney T, Myers BJ, Louw J, Okwundu CI. Brief school-based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance-using adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016; 1: CD008969.
43. Korczak D, Steinhauser G, Dietl M. Prevention of alcohol misuse among children, youths and young adults. GMS Health Technol Assess. 2011; 7: 1-9.
44. Vermeulen-Smit E, Verdurmen JEE, Engels RCME. The effectiveness of family interventions in preventing adolescent illicit drug use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2015; 18(3): 218-239.
45. Segrott J, Gillespie D, Holliday J, Humphreys I, Murphy S, Phillips C, et al. Preventing substance misuse: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the Strengthening Families Programme 10-14 UK. BMC Public Health 2014; 14(49): 1-22.
46. Stormshak EA, Dishion TJ. A school-based, family-centered intervention to prevent substance use: the Family Check-Up. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2009; 35(4): 227-232.
47. Petrie J, Bunn F, Byrne G. Parenting programmes for preventing tobacco, alcohol or drugs misuse in children <18: a systematic review. Health Educ Res 2007; 22(2): 177-191.
48. Foxcroft DR, Tsertsvadze A. Universal family-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011; 9: CD009308.
49. Miller T, Hendrie D. Substance abuse prevention dollars and cents: a cost-benefit analysis. Rockville: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2009.
50. Baldus C, Thomsen M, Sack PM, Bröning S, Arnaud N, Daubmann A, et al. Evaluation of a German version of the Strengthening Families Programme 10-14: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Public Health. 2016; 26(6): 953-959.
51. Toumbourou JW, Stockwell T, Neighbors C, Marlatt GA, Sturge J, Rehm J. Interventions to reduce harm associated with adolescent substance use. Lancet 2007; 369: 1391-1401.
52. Connell A, Dishion T, Yasui M, Kavanagh K. An adaptive approach to family intervention: linking engagement in family centered intervention to reductions in adolescent problem behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2007; 75(4): 568-579.
53. Foxcroft DR, Tsertsvadze A. Universal multi-component prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 9: CD009307.
54. Sanders MR. Development, evaluation, and multinational dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2012; 8: 345-379.
55. Bobrowski KJ, Pisarska A, Staszewski KO, Borucka A. Effectiveness of alcohol prevention program for pre-adolescents. Psychiatr Pol. 2014; 48(3): 527-539.
56. Thomas RE, Lorenzetti D, Spragins W. Mentoring adolescents to prevent drug and alcohol use. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 11: CD007381.
57. Herrera C, Grossman JB, Kauh TJ, McMaken J. Mentoring in schools: an impact study of Big Brothers Big Sisters school-based mentoring. Child Development 2011; 82(1): 346-361.
58. Melendez-Torres GJ, Dickson K, Fletcher A, Thomas J, Hinds K, Campbell R, et al. Positive youth development programmes to reduce substance use in young people: Systematic review. Journal of Drug Policy 2016; 36: 95-103.
59. Anderson P, Chisholm D, Fuhr DC. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies and programmes to reduce the harm caused by alcohol. Lancet 2009; 373(9682): 2234-2246.
60. Martineau F, Tyner E, Lorenc T, Petticrew M, Lock K. Population-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm: an overview of systematic reviews. Prev Med. 2013; 57(4): 278-296.
61. Anderson P, De Bruijn A, Angus K, Gordon R, Hastings G. Impact of alcohol advertising and media exposure on adolescent alcohol use: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Alcohol 2009; 44(3): 229-243.
62. Tortosa-Salazar V. Publicidad y alcohol: situación de España como país miembro de la Unión Europea. Rev Esp Com Sal. 2010; 1(1): 30-39.
63. Alcohol and public policy group. Alcohol: no ordinary commodity - a summary of the second edition. Addiction 2010; 105(5): 769-779.
64. Villalbí JR, Bosque-Prous M, Gili-Miner M, Espelt A, Brugal MT. Políticas para prevenir los daños causados por el alcohol. Rev Esp Salud Pública 2014; 88(4): 515-528.
65. Livingston M, Chikritzhs T, Room R. Changing the density of alcohol outlets to reduce alcohol related problems. Drug Alcohol Rev 2007; 26(5): 553-562.
66. Alcohol and public policy group. Alcohol: no ordinary commodity - a summary of the second edition. Addiction 2010; 105(5): 769-779.
