Resumen
Introducción: La definición de temor a caer y los instrumentos para evaluarlo son claves para determinar la magnitud del problema y establecer estrategias de intervención adecuadas. El objetivo es hacer un análisis crítico de las definiciones y constructos de temor a caer y de los instrumentos de evaluación. Métodos: Se encontraron cerca de 1200 publicaciones entre 1980 y 2011, en diversas bases de datos y bibliotecas. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: idioma diferente al inglés, francés, portugués y español; incluir población menor de 60 años, no tener como objeto central el temor a caer y estar duplicados. Basados en estos criterios se retuvieron 337 documentos para la presente revisión. Resultados: Se han utilizado diferentes conceptos y términos para definir y evaluar el temor a caer. Las más comunes son: disminución de la autoeficacia, confianza en el equilibrio, preocupación, inquietud o ansiedad ante las caídas, miedo a caer, control percibido sobre las caídas y síndrome del temor a caer. Existen más de doce instrumentos de evaluación del temor a caer, desde una pregunta simple, hasta instrumentos elaborados para medir los diferentes constructos. Discusión / Conclusiones: El temor a caer se refiere a la eventualidad de un evento futuro, la confianza en el equilibrio y la autoeficacia se refieren a percepciones relacionadas con las capacidades actuales de la persona, es decir, son tres constructos diferentes. Se necesita mayor investigación en torno a la conceptualización del temor a caer. La claridad y precisión pueden ser útiles en el desarrollo de estrategias ajustadas a las necesidades individuales y de grupos.
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