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Pico-Merchán ME, Orozco-Castillo L, Betancurth-Loaiza DP. Transitar las practicas comunitarias en programas de enfermería: percepciones de los docentes universitarios. Hacia Promoc. Salud [Internet]. 1 de mayo de 2025 [citado 14 de diciembre de 2025];30(2):9-19. Disponible en: https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/hacialapromociondelasalud/article/view/11301
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Introducción: las prácticas comunitarias de enfermería enfatizan en los centros de salud, la prevención de enfermedades y la educación para salud individualizada e instrumental, lo que marginaliza el trabajo con comunidades y colectivos. Objetivo: interpretar las percepciones de los docentes de enfermería sobre las prácticas comunitarias en el contexto de la Atención Primaria en Salud. Fechas y lugares de ejecución: Universidades Eje Cafetero (Colombia) 2021-2023 Métodos: investigación cualitativa, con orientación etnográfica critica a través de observación participante y entrevistas etnográficas a 12 docentes de 5 universidades. El análisis de la información se realizó en espiral centrada en la codificación, categorización y el establecimiento de relaciones existentes en dos etapas, la primera de cada universidad y la segunda la interpretación y síntesis de todos los hallazgos. Se acudió a los criterios de rigor y componentes éticos propios de la investigación cualitativa. Resultados: emergió el tema cultural: transitar los cuidados comunitarios con la educación para la salud; basada en dos patrones culturales: el tránsito de lo teórico y lo práctico de los cuidados comunitarios que convergen desde y para la educación en salud centrada en el riesgo y la praxis planeada para la enfermería familiar comprensiva cultural y el cuidado comunitario. Conclusiones: la educación para la salud se reconoce como núcleo estructural del cuidado comunitario, permite movilizar acciones desde los diferentes escenarios, y la construcción de nuevos conocimientos a partir de concepciones emanadas del saber, el hacer y la praxis que podrían aportar elementos científicos a la enfermería comunitaria.
Palabras clave
Citas
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7. Siles Moriana S, Castillejo Higueras M. The neighborhood party as a hybrid practice between art, education, community health and research. Tercio Creciente [Internet]. 2020 Nov 30 [cited 2024 Nov 1];75–83. doi: https://doi.org/10.17561/rtc.extra3.5732
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15. Paño Yáñez P. Critical ethnographies of participatory action. A proposal for the confluence of ethnography and participatory action research methodologies. Rev Latinoam Metod Cienc Soc [Internet]. 2022 Dec 1;12(2):e114. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/18537863e114
16. Hall S, Liebenberg L. Qualitative description as an introductory method to qualitative research for master’s-level students and research trainees. Int J Qual Methods [Internet]. 2024 Jan;23. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069241242264
17. Restrepo E. Etnografía: alcances, técnicas y éticas [Internet]. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima; 2018. 1–145 p. Available from: https://www.aacademica.org/eduardo.restrepo/3.pdf
18. Ortega-Bastidas J. How to saturate the data? An analytical proposal “from” and “for” qualitative research. Interciencia [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Sep 4];45(6):293–9. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/journal/339/33963459007/
19. McFarland MR, Wehbe-Alamah HB. Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality: An Overview With a Historical Retrospective and a View Toward the Future. J Transcult Nurs [Internet]. 2019 Nov 13 [cited 2024 Sep 4];30(6):540–57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659619867134
20. Sousa-Duarte F, Brown P. (Dis)trust in the care of work-related mental health problems in Brazil: Between multiple systems and shared lifeworlds. Soc Sci Med [Internet]. 2025 Mar; 369:117827. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117827
21. Santa Cruz Terán FF, Obando Peralta EC, Reyes Pastor GE, Rodríguez-Balcázar SC. Qualitative Research: a Look at its Validation from the Perspective of Triangulation Methods. Revista de Filosofía [Internet]. 2022 Jun 17 [cited 2024 Sep 4];39(101):59–72. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6663103
22. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (Colombia). Resolution 8430 of 1993. 1993 [cited 2024 Jan 22]; Available from: https://www.redjurista.com/Documents/resolucion_8430_de_1993.aspx#/
23. Martínez Trujillo N, Díaz Bernal Z, Martínez Boloña Y, Chao Flores M, Dandicourt Thomas C, Vera Rodríguez JE, et al. Health Nursing Model for Interdisciplinary Care Practices. Rev Cubana Enferm [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Sep 6];36(3):1–12. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-03192020000300015&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
24. Zea Bustamante LE, Múnera Gaviria HA. Community practices in Nursing as a promoted scenario for teaching-learning processes. Av Enferm [Internet]. 2024 Aug 1;42(1):1–11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v42n1.112807
25. Wheeler KJ, Miller M, Pulcini J, Gray D, Ladd E, Rayens MK. Advanced practice nursing roles, regulation, education, and practice: A global study. Ann Glob Health [Internet]. 2022 Jun 16;88(1):42. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3698
26. Ocampo-Restrepo D, Betancurth-Loaiza DP, Orozco-Castillo L, Pico-Merchán ME. The recognition of community practices: perceptions of nursing students in the Eje Cafetero, Colombia. Index de Enferm [Internet]. 2025 Feb 21; e15527. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20257151
27. Rojas Verdugo EP, Cajamarca Naula RS, Andrade Encalada HA, Ochoa Maldonado KM. The role of nursing in family health: a systematic review. Pro Sciences: Revista de Producción, Ciencias e Investigación [Internet]. 2022 Mar 31 [cited 2024 Sep 4];6(42):225–38. Available from: https://journalprosciences.com/index.php/ps/article/view/481
28. Vargas Muñoz N, Orozco Castro C. Mediación pedagógica y evaluación: Una mirada desde un modelo de marco abierto en educación inicial. Actualidades Investigativas en Educación [Internet]. 2020 Aug 31 [cited 2024 Nov 1];20(3):1-33. doi:https://doi.org/10.15517/aie.v20i3.43672
29. Martínez Pineda MC, Guachetá Gutiérrez E. Educar para la emancipación. Hacia una praxis crítica desde el sur [Internet]. CLACSO. Bogotá: Universidad Pedagógica Nacional; 2020 [cited 2024 Sep 4]. 1–280 p. Available from: https://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/clacso/se/20201006122520/educar-emancipacion.pdf
30. Freire P. Pedagogía de la esperanza: un reencuentro con la pedagogía del oprimido [Internet]. 21st Century Publishing House. Ciudad de México; 1993. Available from:
31. https://redclade.org/wp-content/uploads/Pedagogía-de-la-Esperanza.pdf
32. Muñoz-Samaín M, Illesca-Pretty M, Gallegos-Soto J, Cabezas-González M, Hernández-Díaz A, Godoy-Pozo J. Learning experience using the comprehensive family and community health model: Chile’s nursing
33. students’ opinions. FEM: Revista de la Fundación Educación Médica [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Nov 1];24(5). Available from: https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2014-98322021000500263
34. Navarrete Romero ES, Zambrano Pinargote ND, Loor Vinueza GM, Gómez León JI. The role of nursing in community health. Recimundo [Internet]. 2024 Mar 5;8(1):445–53. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.26820/recimundo/8.(1).ene.2024.445-453
35. Marx K. Tesis sobre Feuerbach [Internet]. 1845 [cited 2024 Sep 4]. Available from: https://www.marxists.org/espanol/me/1840s/45-feuer.htm
36. Luitel BC, Dahal N. Conceptualising Transformative Praxis. J Transform Praxis [Internet]. 2020 Oct 3;1(1):1–8. Available from: https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/jrtp/article/view/31756
37. Almeida SLP, Primo CC, Almeida MV de S, Freitas P de SS, Lucena A de F, Lima E de FA, et al. Guide for Systematization of Care and Nursing Process: educational technology for professional practice. Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 2023;76(suppl 4).doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0975
38. Betancurth-Loaiza DP, Pico-Merchán ME, Orozco-Castillo L. Community practice in nursing programs in the context of primary health care. Entramado [Internet]. 2023 Nov 18;20(1):1–14. Available from: https://revistas.unilibre.edu.co/index.php/entramado/article/view/10286
39. Velazquez-Moreno E, González-Velázquez MS, De la Peña-León B. Design and validation of didactic materials for a nursing educational intervention to primary caregivers. Enferm Univ [Internet]. 2021 May 3;17(4):390–402. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.4.787
40. Castaño Pineda Y, Lopera Uribe GE, Betancurth Loaiza DP, Villa Vélez L, Vásquez Velázquez AM, Escobar Paucar GM, et al.Popular Education and Child Rearing: Contributions of an Experience. Pedagogía y Saberes [Internet]. 2023 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Nov 1];(58):187–200. doi: https://doi.org/10.17227/pys.num58-16295
41. Nassar Tobón AC. Health education: Health intervention models from critical pedagogy. Inv Educ Med [Internet]. 2025 Jan 5;14(53):115–22. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fm.20075057e.2025.53.24597
42. Villa-Vélez L. Education for health and social justice based on the focus on capabilities: An opportunity for public health development. Ciên Saúde Colet [Internet]. 2020 Apr [cited 2024 Nov 1];25(4):1539–46. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-
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2. Watson J, Horseman Z, Fawcett T, Hockley J, Rhynas S. Care home nursing: Co-creating curricular content with student nurses. Nurse Educ Today [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Sep 4]; 84:1–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104233
3. Devido JA, Doswell WM, Braxter BJ, Terry MA, Charron-Prochownik D. Exploring the Experiences, Challenges, and Approaches of Parish Nurses in Their Community Practice. J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2019 Jun 29 [cited 2024 Nov 1];37(2):121–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010118801414
4. Trejo SE. Enseñanza y aprendizaje en la práctica de Enfermería en Salud Comunitaria. Yachay [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Sep 4];1:1–16. Available from: https://fhu.unse.edu.ar/yachay/RYN3ART03_2023.pdf
5. Orozco-Castillo L, Betancurth-Loaiza DP, Pico-Merchán ME. Tree of Life in Community Nursing Practices: Curriculum Analysis of Five Universities. Hacia la Promoción de la Salud [Internet]. 2024 Jan 23 [cited 2024 Nov 1];28(2):124–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.17151/hpsal.2023.28.2.9
6. Albarrán Y, Guajardo A, Macías A, Méndez AC, Narro S. Economic development, competitiveness and globalization in modern times. Munich Personal RePEc Archive [Internet]. 2020 may 19 [cited 2024 Sep 4];20(05):1–14. Available from: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/100500/1/MPRA_paper_100500.pdf
7. Siles Moriana S, Castillejo Higueras M. The neighborhood party as a hybrid practice between art, education, community health and research. Tercio Creciente [Internet]. 2020 Nov 30 [cited 2024 Nov 1];75–83. doi: https://doi.org/10.17561/rtc.extra3.5732
8. Congreso de la República de Colombia. Law 100 of 1993 [Internet]. 23 Dec. Bogotá D.C., Colombia; 1993 [cited 2024 Sep 4]. p. 1–65. Available from: https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=5248
9. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Plan Decenal de Salud Pública 2022 - 2031 [Internet]. Bogotá D.C.; 2020 [cited 2024 Sep 4]. p. 188. Available from: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/ED/PSP/documentoplan-decenal-salud-publica-2022-2031.pdf
10. Gadamer HG. Verdad y Método I. Fundamentos de una hermenéutica filosófica [Internet]. Salamanca, España. Sígueme Publishers. 1975 [cited 2024 Sep 4]. Available from: https://archive.org/details/hans-georg-gadamer-verdad-y-metodo-tomo-1-octava-edicion/mode/2up
11. Díaz Domínguez M. Habermas and the Evolution of Critical Theory: The
12. Impulses of Philosophical Hermeneutics. Latin American Journal of Humanities and Educational Divergences [Internet]. 2023. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10790361
13. Pérez JJ, Nieto-Bravo JA, Santamaría-Rodríguez JE. Hermeneutics and phenomenology in Human and Social Sciences research. Civilizar [Internet]. 2019 Jul 2 [cited 2024 Sep 4];19(37):21–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.22518/usergioa/jour/ccsh/2019.2/a09
14. Hagues R. Conducting critical ethnography: Personal reflections on the role of the researcher. Br J Soc Work [Internet]. 2021 May 3 [cited 2024 Sep 4];64(3):438–43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872818819731
15. Paño Yáñez P. Critical ethnographies of participatory action. A proposal for the confluence of ethnography and participatory action research methodologies. Rev Latinoam Metod Cienc Soc [Internet]. 2022 Dec 1;12(2):e114. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/18537863e114
16. Hall S, Liebenberg L. Qualitative description as an introductory method to qualitative research for master’s-level students and research trainees. Int J Qual Methods [Internet]. 2024 Jan;23. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069241242264
17. Restrepo E. Etnografía: alcances, técnicas y éticas [Internet]. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima; 2018. 1–145 p. Available from: https://www.aacademica.org/eduardo.restrepo/3.pdf
18. Ortega-Bastidas J. How to saturate the data? An analytical proposal “from” and “for” qualitative research. Interciencia [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Sep 4];45(6):293–9. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/journal/339/33963459007/
19. McFarland MR, Wehbe-Alamah HB. Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality: An Overview With a Historical Retrospective and a View Toward the Future. J Transcult Nurs [Internet]. 2019 Nov 13 [cited 2024 Sep 4];30(6):540–57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659619867134
20. Sousa-Duarte F, Brown P. (Dis)trust in the care of work-related mental health problems in Brazil: Between multiple systems and shared lifeworlds. Soc Sci Med [Internet]. 2025 Mar; 369:117827. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117827
21. Santa Cruz Terán FF, Obando Peralta EC, Reyes Pastor GE, Rodríguez-Balcázar SC. Qualitative Research: a Look at its Validation from the Perspective of Triangulation Methods. Revista de Filosofía [Internet]. 2022 Jun 17 [cited 2024 Sep 4];39(101):59–72. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6663103
22. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (Colombia). Resolution 8430 of 1993. 1993 [cited 2024 Jan 22]; Available from: https://www.redjurista.com/Documents/resolucion_8430_de_1993.aspx#/
23. Martínez Trujillo N, Díaz Bernal Z, Martínez Boloña Y, Chao Flores M, Dandicourt Thomas C, Vera Rodríguez JE, et al. Health Nursing Model for Interdisciplinary Care Practices. Rev Cubana Enferm [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Sep 6];36(3):1–12. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-03192020000300015&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
24. Zea Bustamante LE, Múnera Gaviria HA. Community practices in Nursing as a promoted scenario for teaching-learning processes. Av Enferm [Internet]. 2024 Aug 1;42(1):1–11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/av.enferm.v42n1.112807
25. Wheeler KJ, Miller M, Pulcini J, Gray D, Ladd E, Rayens MK. Advanced practice nursing roles, regulation, education, and practice: A global study. Ann Glob Health [Internet]. 2022 Jun 16;88(1):42. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3698
26. Ocampo-Restrepo D, Betancurth-Loaiza DP, Orozco-Castillo L, Pico-Merchán ME. The recognition of community practices: perceptions of nursing students in the Eje Cafetero, Colombia. Index de Enferm [Internet]. 2025 Feb 21; e15527. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20257151
27. Rojas Verdugo EP, Cajamarca Naula RS, Andrade Encalada HA, Ochoa Maldonado KM. The role of nursing in family health: a systematic review. Pro Sciences: Revista de Producción, Ciencias e Investigación [Internet]. 2022 Mar 31 [cited 2024 Sep 4];6(42):225–38. Available from: https://journalprosciences.com/index.php/ps/article/view/481
28. Vargas Muñoz N, Orozco Castro C. Mediación pedagógica y evaluación: Una mirada desde un modelo de marco abierto en educación inicial. Actualidades Investigativas en Educación [Internet]. 2020 Aug 31 [cited 2024 Nov 1];20(3):1-33. doi:https://doi.org/10.15517/aie.v20i3.43672
29. Martínez Pineda MC, Guachetá Gutiérrez E. Educar para la emancipación. Hacia una praxis crítica desde el sur [Internet]. CLACSO. Bogotá: Universidad Pedagógica Nacional; 2020 [cited 2024 Sep 4]. 1–280 p. Available from: https://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/clacso/se/20201006122520/educar-emancipacion.pdf
30. Freire P. Pedagogía de la esperanza: un reencuentro con la pedagogía del oprimido [Internet]. 21st Century Publishing House. Ciudad de México; 1993. Available from:
31. https://redclade.org/wp-content/uploads/Pedagogía-de-la-Esperanza.pdf
32. Muñoz-Samaín M, Illesca-Pretty M, Gallegos-Soto J, Cabezas-González M, Hernández-Díaz A, Godoy-Pozo J. Learning experience using the comprehensive family and community health model: Chile’s nursing
33. students’ opinions. FEM: Revista de la Fundación Educación Médica [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Nov 1];24(5). Available from: https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2014-98322021000500263
34. Navarrete Romero ES, Zambrano Pinargote ND, Loor Vinueza GM, Gómez León JI. The role of nursing in community health. Recimundo [Internet]. 2024 Mar 5;8(1):445–53. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.26820/recimundo/8.(1).ene.2024.445-453
35. Marx K. Tesis sobre Feuerbach [Internet]. 1845 [cited 2024 Sep 4]. Available from: https://www.marxists.org/espanol/me/1840s/45-feuer.htm
36. Luitel BC, Dahal N. Conceptualising Transformative Praxis. J Transform Praxis [Internet]. 2020 Oct 3;1(1):1–8. Available from: https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/jrtp/article/view/31756
37. Almeida SLP, Primo CC, Almeida MV de S, Freitas P de SS, Lucena A de F, Lima E de FA, et al. Guide for Systematization of Care and Nursing Process: educational technology for professional practice. Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 2023;76(suppl 4).doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0975
38. Betancurth-Loaiza DP, Pico-Merchán ME, Orozco-Castillo L. Community practice in nursing programs in the context of primary health care. Entramado [Internet]. 2023 Nov 18;20(1):1–14. Available from: https://revistas.unilibre.edu.co/index.php/entramado/article/view/10286
39. Velazquez-Moreno E, González-Velázquez MS, De la Peña-León B. Design and validation of didactic materials for a nursing educational intervention to primary caregivers. Enferm Univ [Internet]. 2021 May 3;17(4):390–402. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.4.787
40. Castaño Pineda Y, Lopera Uribe GE, Betancurth Loaiza DP, Villa Vélez L, Vásquez Velázquez AM, Escobar Paucar GM, et al.Popular Education and Child Rearing: Contributions of an Experience. Pedagogía y Saberes [Internet]. 2023 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Nov 1];(58):187–200. doi: https://doi.org/10.17227/pys.num58-16295
41. Nassar Tobón AC. Health education: Health intervention models from critical pedagogy. Inv Educ Med [Internet]. 2025 Jan 5;14(53):115–22. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fm.20075057e.2025.53.24597
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