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Fecha Publicación: 2016-07-01
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Samorini G. (2016). Las fechas más antiguas de la relación humana con las drogas. Cultura y Droga, 21(23), 91-113. Recuperado a partir de https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/culturaydroga/article/view/3228
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Objetivo. Identificar las fechas más antiguas que se conozcan de la relación humana con las principales plantas embriagantes del mundo. Metodología. Extraer los datos de la literatura arqueológica especializada, excluyendo los dudosos o erróneos. Resultados. Las fechas más antiguas se relacionan en la tabla 1. Conclusiones. Estas fechas, en su conjunto, evidencian de manera general la utilización de las drogas vegetales a partir de los períodos pre Formativos (para las Américas) y Neolíticos (para los otros continentes) de las culturas humanas.
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Referencias bibliográficas
Adovasio, J.M. and Fry, G.F. (1976). Prehistoric Psychotropic Drug Use in Northeastern Mexico and Trans-Pecos Texas. Economic Botany, 30 (1), 94-96.
Amigues, S. (2009). Représentations végétales sur les vases en chlorite de Jiroft. Studia Iranica, 38 (1), 105-125.
Barber, E.W. (1999). The Mummies of Ürümchi. New York, USA: Norton.
Barrau, J. (1979). Sur l’origine du cacaoyer, Theobroma cacao Linné, Sterculiacées. Journal D’agriculture Traditionnelle et de Botanique Appliquée, 26 (3), 171-180.
Belmar, A.C. et al. (2016). Reconstruyendo las prácticas fumatorias del sitio La Granja (130 a 1000 d.C., Valle del Río Cachapoal, VI Región, Chile Central) a partir de los microfósiles. Chungará, 48 (1), 53-72.
Berlie, J. (1995). Le thé: son hypothétique origine chez les Han et sa préparation chez les Bulang du Yunnan. Journal D’agriculture Traditionnelle et de Botanique Appliquée, 37 (2), 115-128.
Borhegyi, F.S. (1961). Miniature mushroom stones from Guatemala. American Antiquity, 26 (4), 498-504.
Boyd, E.C. and Dering, P.J. (1996). Medicinal and hallucinogenic plants identified in the sediments and pictographs of the Lower Pecos, Texas Archaic. Antiquity, 70 (268), 156-175.
Campbell, T.N. (1958). Origin of the Mescal Bean Cult. American Anthropologist, 60, 156-160.
Capparelli, A. et al. (2006). Differences Between Written and Archaeological Record: The Case of Plant Micro Remains Recovered at a Northwestern Argentinean Pipe. Proceedings of the IV International Congress of Ethnobotany, Istanbul, Turkey.
Chang, K.C. (1969). The expansion of Chinese Neolithic culture in the central plain. Bullettin Institute Historia Philosophy Academia Sinica, 41, 317-349.
Crane, J.C. (1982). Plant Utilization at Spoonbill, an Early Caddo Site in Northeast Texas. Midcontinental Journal Archaeology, 7 (1), 81-97.
Crown, P.L. et al. (2012). Ritual Black Drink consumption at Cahokia. Proceddings Natural Academy Science, 109 (35), 13944-13949.
Cuatrecasas, J. (1964). Cacao and its allies. A taxonomic revision of the genus Theobroma. Contributions U.S. Natural Herbarium, 35, 379-614.
Dikov, N.N. (1971). Naskal’nye zagadkin drevney Chukokti. Petroglify Pegtymelia. Moskva, Russia: Isdat Nauka.
El-Sheedi, R.H. et al. (2005). Prehistoric peyote use: Alkaloid analysis and radiocarbon dating of archaeological specimens of Lophophora from Texas. Journal Ethnopharmacology, 101 (1-3), 238-242.
Fahmy, A.G.E. (2001). Palaeoethnobotanical studies of the Neolithic settlement in Hidden Valley, Farafra Oasis, Egypt. Vegetation History Archaeobotany, 10 (4), 235-246.
Fox, R.B. (1970). The Tabon caves: Archaeological explorations and excavations on Pa-lawan island, Philippines. Manila, Philippines: National Museum.
Flattery, D.S. and Schwartz, M. (1989). Haoma and Harmaline. Berkeley, USA: University of California.
Furst, P.T. (1974). Morning glory and mother goddess at tepantitla, Teotihuacan. En Hammond, N. (Ed.). Mesoamerican Archaeology (pp. 187-215). Austin, USA: University of Texas.
Germer, R. (1985). Flora des pharaonischen Ägypten. Main am Rhein, German: Philipp von Zabern.
González, U. et al. (2000). El aprovechamiento de recursos vegetales en los niveles neolíticos del yacimiento de los Murciélagos (Zuheros, Córdoba). Complutum, 11, 171-189.
Gorman, F.C. (1970). Excavations at Spirit Cave, North Thailand. Asian Perspectives, 13, 79-107.
Guerra, E. (2006). Evidencias del consumo de drogas en Europa durante la Prehistoria. Trastornos Adictivos, 8 (1), 53-61.
Hammer, K. and Fritchs, R. (1977). Zur Frage nach der Ursprungsart des kulturmohns. Kulturpflanze, 25 (1), 113-124.
Hammond, N. and Miksicek, C.H. (1981). Ecology and economy of a Formative Maya site at Cuello, Belize. Journal Field Archaeology, 8 (3), 259-269.
Hather, J. (1995). Parenchymatous tissues from the Early Neolithic site E-75-6 at Nabta Playa, Western Desert, South Egypt. Acta Palaeobotanica, 35 (1), 157-162.
Hillig, W.K. (2005). Genetic evidence for speciation in Cannabis. Genetic Research Crop Evolution, 52 (2), 161-180.
Hocart, H.C. et al. (1993). Chemical archaeology of kava, a potent brew. Rapid Communications Mass Spectrometry, 7 (3), 219-224.
Holmstedt, B. and Lindgren, J.E. (1972). Alkaloid analysis of botanical material more than a thousand years old. Etnologiska Studier, 32, 139-144.
Jacomet, S. (2006). Plant economy of the northern Alpine lake dwellings, 3500-2400 cal. BC. Environmental Archaeology, 11 (1), 65-85.
Juan-Stresserras, J. y Matamala, J.C. (2005). Estudio de residuos microscópicos y compuestos orgánicos en utillaje de molido y de contenido de las vasijas. En Bueno, F. et al. (Coord.). El dolmen de Toledo (pp. 235-241). Alcalá, España: Universidad de Alcalá.
Kudo, Y. et al. (2009). Radiocarbon dating of the fossil hemp fruits in the eraliest Jomon period from the Okinoshima Site, Chiba, Japan. Japan Journal History Botany, 17, 27-32.
Kvavadze, E. et al. (2010). Arguments indicating the presence of wine in Neolithic pots from Georgia using the method of palynological and chemical analysis. Proceedings of the XXXIIIrd World Congress of Vine and Wine (pp. 123-132). Georgia, USA: Tbilisi.
Matamayor, J.C. et al. (2002). Cacao domestication I: The origin of the cacao cultivated by the Mayas. Heredity, 89, 380-386.
Matsui, A. and Kanehara, M. (2006). The question of prehistoric plant husbandry during the Jomon Period in Japan. World Archaeology, 38 (2), 259-273.
Mayer, H.K. (1977). The Mushroom Stones of Mesoamerica. Ramona, USA: Acoma.
McDonald, J.A. and Stross, B. (2012). Water Lily and Cosmic Serpent: Equivalent conduits of the Maya spirit realm. Journal Ethnobiology, 32 (1), 74-107.
McGovern, P.E. et al. (1996). Neolithic Resinated Wine. Nature, 381, 480-481.
McGovern P.E. et al. (2004). L’archeologo e l’uva. Roma, Italia: Carocci.
Merlin, M.D. (2003). Archaeological evidence for the tradition of psychoactive plant use in the Old World. Economic Botany, 57 (3), 295-323.
Merrill, L.W. (1977). An investigation of ethnographic and archaeological specimens of mescalbeans in American Museums. Ann Arbor, USA: University of Michigan.
Molodin, I.V. and Cheremisin, D.V. (2007). Petroglyphs of the Ukok Plateau. Archaeology Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia, 32 (1), 91-101.
Mukherjee, A. et al. (2008). Results of molecular analysis of an archaeological hemp DNA sample from North West China. Genetic Resources Crop Evolution, 55 (4), 481-485.
Nakamura, S. (2009). Archeobotanical Study of Neolithic Sites in China Sheds Light on the Origins of Lacquer and Tea Use. Kakenhi News, 1, 4.
Okazaki, H. et al. (2011). Early Holocene coastal environment change inferres from deposits at Okinoshima archeological site, Boso Peninsula, central Japan. Quaternary International, 230 (1-2), 87-94.
Piperno, D.R. et al. (2000). Starch grains reveal early root crop horticulture in the Panamanian tropical forest. Nature, 407, 894-897.
Planella, T. et al. (2005-2006). Búsqueda de nexos entre prácticas funerarias del período Alfarero Temprano del Centro de Chile y usos etnográficos del “miyaye”. Historia Indígena, 9, 33-49.
Poska, A. and Saarse, L. (2006). New evidence of possible crop introduction to north-eastern Europe during the Stone Age. Vegetation History Archaeobotany, 15, 169-179.
Powis, G.T. et al. (2002). Spouted vessels and cacao use among the Preclassic Maya. Latin American Antiquity, 13 (1), 85-106.
Powis, G.T. et al. (2008). The origins of cacao use in Mesoamerica. Mexicon, 30 (2), 35-38.
Powis, G.T. et al. (2011). Cacao use and the San Lorenzo Olmec. Proceedings Natural Academy Sciences, 108 (21), 8595-8600.
Rätsch, C. (2005). The encyclopedia of psychoactive plants. Rochester, USA: Park Street.
Renfrew, M.J. (1995). Palaeoethnobotanical Finds of Vitis from Greece. En McGovern, P.E. et al. (Ed.). The origins and ancient history of wine (pp. 255-67). Philadelphia, USA: Gordon & Breach.
Rooney, F.D. (1993). Betel chewing traditions in South-East Asia. Oxford, England: Oxford University.
Rottoli, M. (2001-2002). Zafferanone selvatico e cardo della Madonna, piante raccolte o coltivate nel Neoltico antico a “La Marmotta”. Bollettino Paletnologico Italiano, 91-92, 47-61.
Samorini, G. (1992). The oldest representations of hallucinogenic mushrooms in the world (Sahara Desert, 9000-7000 BP). Integration, 2/3, 69-78.
Samorini, G. (2001). Los alucinógenos en el mito. Relatos sobre la origen de las plantas psicoactivas. Barcelona, España: La Liebre de Marzo.
Samorini, G. (2012-2013). Le ninfee degli antichi Egizi. Un contributo etnobotanico. Archeologia Africana, 18-19, 71-78.
Samorini, G. (2014). Aspectos y problemas de la arqueología de las plantas embriagadoras en Sudamérica. Cultura y Droga, 19 (21), 13-34.
Samorini, G. (2016). Origini italiane dell’oppio? Erboristeria Domani, 396, 70-76.
Schultze-Motel, J. (1979). Die urgeschichtlichen Reste des Schlafmohns und die Entstehung der Art. Kulturpflanze, 27 (2), 207-215.
Siklós, B. (1994). Datura rituals in the Vajramahabhairava-Tantra. Acta Orientalia Academia Scientia Hungariae, 47 (3), 409-416.
Sinoto, H.Y. (1983). An analysis of Polynesian migrations based on the archaeological assessments. Journal Société Océanistes, 39 (76), 57-67.
Taylor, W.W. (1956). Some implications of the Carbon-14 dates from a cave in Coahuila. Bullettin Texas Archaeological Society, 27, 215-234.
Terry, M. et al. (2005). Lower Pecos and Coahuila Peyote: New Radiocarbon Dates. Journal Archaeological Science, 33 (7), 1017-1021.
Toderaș, M. et al. (2009). Pietrele-Măgura Gorgana: o aşezare eneoliticǎ la Dunǎrea de Jos între 4500 şi 4250 î.e.n.. Materiale Cercetari Arheologice, 5, 39-90.
Visser, P.E. (1994). Skeletal evidence of kava use in prehistoric Fiji. Journal of Polynesian Society, 103 (3), 299-317.
van Zeist, W. and de Roller, G.J. (1993). Plant remains from Maadi, a Predynastic site in Lower Egypt. Vegetation History Archaeobotany, 2 (1), 1-14.
Wassén, S.H. (1972). A Medicine-man’s implement and plants in a Tiahuanacoid tomb in Higland Bolivia. Etnologiska Studier, 32, 7-114.
Amigues, S. (2009). Représentations végétales sur les vases en chlorite de Jiroft. Studia Iranica, 38 (1), 105-125.
Barber, E.W. (1999). The Mummies of Ürümchi. New York, USA: Norton.
Barrau, J. (1979). Sur l’origine du cacaoyer, Theobroma cacao Linné, Sterculiacées. Journal D’agriculture Traditionnelle et de Botanique Appliquée, 26 (3), 171-180.
Belmar, A.C. et al. (2016). Reconstruyendo las prácticas fumatorias del sitio La Granja (130 a 1000 d.C., Valle del Río Cachapoal, VI Región, Chile Central) a partir de los microfósiles. Chungará, 48 (1), 53-72.
Berlie, J. (1995). Le thé: son hypothétique origine chez les Han et sa préparation chez les Bulang du Yunnan. Journal D’agriculture Traditionnelle et de Botanique Appliquée, 37 (2), 115-128.
Borhegyi, F.S. (1961). Miniature mushroom stones from Guatemala. American Antiquity, 26 (4), 498-504.
Boyd, E.C. and Dering, P.J. (1996). Medicinal and hallucinogenic plants identified in the sediments and pictographs of the Lower Pecos, Texas Archaic. Antiquity, 70 (268), 156-175.
Campbell, T.N. (1958). Origin of the Mescal Bean Cult. American Anthropologist, 60, 156-160.
Capparelli, A. et al. (2006). Differences Between Written and Archaeological Record: The Case of Plant Micro Remains Recovered at a Northwestern Argentinean Pipe. Proceedings of the IV International Congress of Ethnobotany, Istanbul, Turkey.
Chang, K.C. (1969). The expansion of Chinese Neolithic culture in the central plain. Bullettin Institute Historia Philosophy Academia Sinica, 41, 317-349.
Crane, J.C. (1982). Plant Utilization at Spoonbill, an Early Caddo Site in Northeast Texas. Midcontinental Journal Archaeology, 7 (1), 81-97.
Crown, P.L. et al. (2012). Ritual Black Drink consumption at Cahokia. Proceddings Natural Academy Science, 109 (35), 13944-13949.
Cuatrecasas, J. (1964). Cacao and its allies. A taxonomic revision of the genus Theobroma. Contributions U.S. Natural Herbarium, 35, 379-614.
Dikov, N.N. (1971). Naskal’nye zagadkin drevney Chukokti. Petroglify Pegtymelia. Moskva, Russia: Isdat Nauka.
El-Sheedi, R.H. et al. (2005). Prehistoric peyote use: Alkaloid analysis and radiocarbon dating of archaeological specimens of Lophophora from Texas. Journal Ethnopharmacology, 101 (1-3), 238-242.
Fahmy, A.G.E. (2001). Palaeoethnobotanical studies of the Neolithic settlement in Hidden Valley, Farafra Oasis, Egypt. Vegetation History Archaeobotany, 10 (4), 235-246.
Fox, R.B. (1970). The Tabon caves: Archaeological explorations and excavations on Pa-lawan island, Philippines. Manila, Philippines: National Museum.
Flattery, D.S. and Schwartz, M. (1989). Haoma and Harmaline. Berkeley, USA: University of California.
Furst, P.T. (1974). Morning glory and mother goddess at tepantitla, Teotihuacan. En Hammond, N. (Ed.). Mesoamerican Archaeology (pp. 187-215). Austin, USA: University of Texas.
Germer, R. (1985). Flora des pharaonischen Ägypten. Main am Rhein, German: Philipp von Zabern.
González, U. et al. (2000). El aprovechamiento de recursos vegetales en los niveles neolíticos del yacimiento de los Murciélagos (Zuheros, Córdoba). Complutum, 11, 171-189.
Gorman, F.C. (1970). Excavations at Spirit Cave, North Thailand. Asian Perspectives, 13, 79-107.
Guerra, E. (2006). Evidencias del consumo de drogas en Europa durante la Prehistoria. Trastornos Adictivos, 8 (1), 53-61.
Hammer, K. and Fritchs, R. (1977). Zur Frage nach der Ursprungsart des kulturmohns. Kulturpflanze, 25 (1), 113-124.
Hammond, N. and Miksicek, C.H. (1981). Ecology and economy of a Formative Maya site at Cuello, Belize. Journal Field Archaeology, 8 (3), 259-269.
Hather, J. (1995). Parenchymatous tissues from the Early Neolithic site E-75-6 at Nabta Playa, Western Desert, South Egypt. Acta Palaeobotanica, 35 (1), 157-162.
Hillig, W.K. (2005). Genetic evidence for speciation in Cannabis. Genetic Research Crop Evolution, 52 (2), 161-180.
Hocart, H.C. et al. (1993). Chemical archaeology of kava, a potent brew. Rapid Communications Mass Spectrometry, 7 (3), 219-224.
Holmstedt, B. and Lindgren, J.E. (1972). Alkaloid analysis of botanical material more than a thousand years old. Etnologiska Studier, 32, 139-144.
Jacomet, S. (2006). Plant economy of the northern Alpine lake dwellings, 3500-2400 cal. BC. Environmental Archaeology, 11 (1), 65-85.
Juan-Stresserras, J. y Matamala, J.C. (2005). Estudio de residuos microscópicos y compuestos orgánicos en utillaje de molido y de contenido de las vasijas. En Bueno, F. et al. (Coord.). El dolmen de Toledo (pp. 235-241). Alcalá, España: Universidad de Alcalá.
Kudo, Y. et al. (2009). Radiocarbon dating of the fossil hemp fruits in the eraliest Jomon period from the Okinoshima Site, Chiba, Japan. Japan Journal History Botany, 17, 27-32.
Kvavadze, E. et al. (2010). Arguments indicating the presence of wine in Neolithic pots from Georgia using the method of palynological and chemical analysis. Proceedings of the XXXIIIrd World Congress of Vine and Wine (pp. 123-132). Georgia, USA: Tbilisi.
Matamayor, J.C. et al. (2002). Cacao domestication I: The origin of the cacao cultivated by the Mayas. Heredity, 89, 380-386.
Matsui, A. and Kanehara, M. (2006). The question of prehistoric plant husbandry during the Jomon Period in Japan. World Archaeology, 38 (2), 259-273.
Mayer, H.K. (1977). The Mushroom Stones of Mesoamerica. Ramona, USA: Acoma.
McDonald, J.A. and Stross, B. (2012). Water Lily and Cosmic Serpent: Equivalent conduits of the Maya spirit realm. Journal Ethnobiology, 32 (1), 74-107.
McGovern, P.E. et al. (1996). Neolithic Resinated Wine. Nature, 381, 480-481.
McGovern P.E. et al. (2004). L’archeologo e l’uva. Roma, Italia: Carocci.
Merlin, M.D. (2003). Archaeological evidence for the tradition of psychoactive plant use in the Old World. Economic Botany, 57 (3), 295-323.
Merrill, L.W. (1977). An investigation of ethnographic and archaeological specimens of mescalbeans in American Museums. Ann Arbor, USA: University of Michigan.
Molodin, I.V. and Cheremisin, D.V. (2007). Petroglyphs of the Ukok Plateau. Archaeology Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia, 32 (1), 91-101.
Mukherjee, A. et al. (2008). Results of molecular analysis of an archaeological hemp DNA sample from North West China. Genetic Resources Crop Evolution, 55 (4), 481-485.
Nakamura, S. (2009). Archeobotanical Study of Neolithic Sites in China Sheds Light on the Origins of Lacquer and Tea Use. Kakenhi News, 1, 4.
Okazaki, H. et al. (2011). Early Holocene coastal environment change inferres from deposits at Okinoshima archeological site, Boso Peninsula, central Japan. Quaternary International, 230 (1-2), 87-94.
Piperno, D.R. et al. (2000). Starch grains reveal early root crop horticulture in the Panamanian tropical forest. Nature, 407, 894-897.
Planella, T. et al. (2005-2006). Búsqueda de nexos entre prácticas funerarias del período Alfarero Temprano del Centro de Chile y usos etnográficos del “miyaye”. Historia Indígena, 9, 33-49.
Poska, A. and Saarse, L. (2006). New evidence of possible crop introduction to north-eastern Europe during the Stone Age. Vegetation History Archaeobotany, 15, 169-179.
Powis, G.T. et al. (2002). Spouted vessels and cacao use among the Preclassic Maya. Latin American Antiquity, 13 (1), 85-106.
Powis, G.T. et al. (2008). The origins of cacao use in Mesoamerica. Mexicon, 30 (2), 35-38.
Powis, G.T. et al. (2011). Cacao use and the San Lorenzo Olmec. Proceedings Natural Academy Sciences, 108 (21), 8595-8600.
Rätsch, C. (2005). The encyclopedia of psychoactive plants. Rochester, USA: Park Street.
Renfrew, M.J. (1995). Palaeoethnobotanical Finds of Vitis from Greece. En McGovern, P.E. et al. (Ed.). The origins and ancient history of wine (pp. 255-67). Philadelphia, USA: Gordon & Breach.
Rooney, F.D. (1993). Betel chewing traditions in South-East Asia. Oxford, England: Oxford University.
Rottoli, M. (2001-2002). Zafferanone selvatico e cardo della Madonna, piante raccolte o coltivate nel Neoltico antico a “La Marmotta”. Bollettino Paletnologico Italiano, 91-92, 47-61.
Samorini, G. (1992). The oldest representations of hallucinogenic mushrooms in the world (Sahara Desert, 9000-7000 BP). Integration, 2/3, 69-78.
Samorini, G. (2001). Los alucinógenos en el mito. Relatos sobre la origen de las plantas psicoactivas. Barcelona, España: La Liebre de Marzo.
Samorini, G. (2012-2013). Le ninfee degli antichi Egizi. Un contributo etnobotanico. Archeologia Africana, 18-19, 71-78.
Samorini, G. (2014). Aspectos y problemas de la arqueología de las plantas embriagadoras en Sudamérica. Cultura y Droga, 19 (21), 13-34.
Samorini, G. (2016). Origini italiane dell’oppio? Erboristeria Domani, 396, 70-76.
Schultze-Motel, J. (1979). Die urgeschichtlichen Reste des Schlafmohns und die Entstehung der Art. Kulturpflanze, 27 (2), 207-215.
Siklós, B. (1994). Datura rituals in the Vajramahabhairava-Tantra. Acta Orientalia Academia Scientia Hungariae, 47 (3), 409-416.
Sinoto, H.Y. (1983). An analysis of Polynesian migrations based on the archaeological assessments. Journal Société Océanistes, 39 (76), 57-67.
Taylor, W.W. (1956). Some implications of the Carbon-14 dates from a cave in Coahuila. Bullettin Texas Archaeological Society, 27, 215-234.
Terry, M. et al. (2005). Lower Pecos and Coahuila Peyote: New Radiocarbon Dates. Journal Archaeological Science, 33 (7), 1017-1021.
Toderaș, M. et al. (2009). Pietrele-Măgura Gorgana: o aşezare eneoliticǎ la Dunǎrea de Jos între 4500 şi 4250 î.e.n.. Materiale Cercetari Arheologice, 5, 39-90.
Visser, P.E. (1994). Skeletal evidence of kava use in prehistoric Fiji. Journal of Polynesian Society, 103 (3), 299-317.
van Zeist, W. and de Roller, G.J. (1993). Plant remains from Maadi, a Predynastic site in Lower Egypt. Vegetation History Archaeobotany, 2 (1), 1-14.
Wassén, S.H. (1972). A Medicine-man’s implement and plants in a Tiahuanacoid tomb in Higland Bolivia. Etnologiska Studier, 32, 7-114.
