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Ona, G. (2018). Consideraciones sobre el estado actual de la terapia psicodélica: limitaciones, sesgos y propuestas metodológicas. Cultura Y Droga, 23(26). https://doi.org/10.17151/culdr.2018.23.26.3
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Objetivo. Evaluar el estado de la investigación actual sobre el potencial terapéutico de las sustancias psicodélicas. Metodología. Se realiza una breve revisión temática y se desarrolla un análisis crítico de la situación. Resultados. Se identifican diversas limitaciones y sesgos tanto en estudios observacionales como en ensayos clínicos. Conclusiones. Actualmente se cometen errores remarcables en la investigación sobre terapia psicodélica que pueden llevar a confusiones sobre aspectos tan importantes como su eficacia y su seguridad en contextos terapéuticos.
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Bratman, G.N., Hamilton, J.P. and Daily, G.C. (2012). The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Ann NY AcadSci, 1249, 118-136.
Cushman, M., Kuller, L.H., Prentice, R. et al. (2004). Estrogen plus progestin and risk of venous thrombosis. JAMA, 292 (13), 1573-80.
Dawson, S.L., Dash, S.R., and Jacka, F.N. (2016). The importance of diet and gut health to the treatment and prevention of mental disorders. Int Rev Neurobiol, 131, 325-46.
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Gasser, P., Holstein, D., Michel, Y., Doblin, R., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Passie, T. and Brenneisen, R. (2014). Safety and efficacy of lysergic acid diethylamide-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with life-threatening diseases. J NervMent Dis, 202 (7), 513-20.
Griffiths, R.R., Johnson, M.W., Carducci, M.A., Umbricht, A., Richards, W.A., Richards, B.D. et al. (2016). Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized double-blind trial. J Psychopharmacol, 30, 1181-1197.
Grob, C.S., Danforth, A.L., Chopra, G.S., Hagerty, M., McKay, C.R., Halberstadt, A.L. and Greer, G.R. (2011). Pilot study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 68 (1), 71-8.
Grodstein, F., Manson, J.E., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Speizer, F.E. and Stampfer, M.J. (2000). A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann InternMed, 133 (12), 933-41.
Hofmann, A. (2018). Epílogo. En J.C. Bouso (Ed.). LSD. Cómo descubrí el ácido y qué pasó después en el mundo (p. 286). Barcelona: Arpa Editores.
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Laporte, J.R. (1993). Extrapolación de los resultados de ensayos clínicos a la práctica clínica habitual. En: Principios Básicos de Investigación Clínica. Madrid, Ergon Eds., España.
Luborsky, L., Mintz, J. and Chirstoph, P. (1979). Are psychotherapeutic changes predictable? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47 (3), 469-473.
MacNair, R. and Corazzini, J. (1994). Client factors influencing group therapy dropout. Psychotherapy, 31 (2), 352-362.
Malcolm, B.J., Polanco, M. and Barsuglia, J.P. (2018). Changes in withdrawal and craving scores in participants undergoing opioid detoxification utilizing ibogaine. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2018.1447175.
Mithoefer, M.C., Wagner, M.T., Mithoefer, A.T., Jerome, L., and Doblin, R. (2011). The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first
randomized controlled pilot study. J Psychopharmacol, 25 (4), 439-52.
Nichols, D.E. (2016). Psychedelics. PharmacolRev, 68 (2), 264-355. Observatorio Español de la Droga y las Toxicomanías. INFORME 2017. Situación y tendencias de los problemas de drogas en España. Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas.
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Ona, G. (2017). Las drogas psicodélicas en las fronteras del conocimiento humano. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/zn5MMv.
Ona, G. (2018). Modelo biomédico en salud mental: un paradigma a superar. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/xi3XaJ.
Orlinsky, D., Grawe, K. and Parks, K. (1994). Process and outcome in psychotherapy. En: L. Bergin y L. Garfield (Eds.). Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (pp. 270-376). Nueva York: John Wiley and Sons.
Palhano-Fontes, F., Barreto, D., Onias, H., Andrade, K.C., Novaes, M. and de Araujo, B.D. (2017). A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression. BioRxiv. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/103531.
Pols, J. and Kroon, H. (2007). The importance of holiday trips for people with chronic mental health problems. PsychiatrServ, 58 (2), 262-5.
Ross, S., Bossis, A., Guss, J., Agin-Liebes, G., Malone, T., Cohen, B. et al. (2016). Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol, 30, 1165-1180.
Sessa, B. (2012). Shaping the renaissance of psychedelic research. The Lancet, 380 (9838), 200-201.
Viscoli, C.M., Brass, L.M., Kernan, W.N., Sarrel, P.M., Suissa, S. and Horwitz, R.I. (2001). A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 345 (17), 1243-9.
Bratman, G.N., Hamilton, J.P. and Daily, G.C. (2012). The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Ann NY AcadSci, 1249, 118-136.
Cushman, M., Kuller, L.H., Prentice, R. et al. (2004). Estrogen plus progestin and risk of venous thrombosis. JAMA, 292 (13), 1573-80.
Dawson, S.L., Dash, S.R., and Jacka, F.N. (2016). The importance of diet and gut health to the treatment and prevention of mental disorders. Int Rev Neurobiol, 131, 325-46.
European Medicines Agency (EMA). (2012). Guideline on clinical investigation of medicinal products, including depot preparations in the treatment of schizophrenia. Recuperado de: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2012/10/WC500133437.pdf
Frank, J. (1982). Therapeutic Components Shared by all Psychotherapies. En: J. Harvey y M. Parks (Eds.). Psychotherapy Research and Behavior Change. Washington: APA.
Gasser, P., Holstein, D., Michel, Y., Doblin, R., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Passie, T. and Brenneisen, R. (2014). Safety and efficacy of lysergic acid diethylamide-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with life-threatening diseases. J NervMent Dis, 202 (7), 513-20.
Griffiths, R.R., Johnson, M.W., Carducci, M.A., Umbricht, A., Richards, W.A., Richards, B.D. et al. (2016). Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized double-blind trial. J Psychopharmacol, 30, 1181-1197.
Grob, C.S., Danforth, A.L., Chopra, G.S., Hagerty, M., McKay, C.R., Halberstadt, A.L. and Greer, G.R. (2011). Pilot study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 68 (1), 71-8.
Grodstein, F., Manson, J.E., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Speizer, F.E. and Stampfer, M.J. (2000). A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann InternMed, 133 (12), 933-41.
Hofmann, A. (2018). Epílogo. En J.C. Bouso (Ed.). LSD. Cómo descubrí el ácido y qué pasó después en el mundo (p. 286). Barcelona: Arpa Editores.
Jacka, F.N., O’Neil, A., Opie, R., Itsiopoulos, C., Cotton, S., Mohebbi, M., and Berk, M. (2017). A randomised controlled trial of dietary improvement for adults with major depression (the `SMILES’ trial). BMC Medicine, 15 (1), 23.
Lambert, M.J. (1986). Implications on psychotherapy outcome research for eclectic psychotherapy. In J.C. Norcross (Ed.). Handbook of Eclectic Psychotherapy. New York: Brunner-Mazel.
Laporte, J.R. (1993). Extrapolación de los resultados de ensayos clínicos a la práctica clínica habitual. En: Principios Básicos de Investigación Clínica. Madrid, Ergon Eds., España.
Luborsky, L., Mintz, J. and Chirstoph, P. (1979). Are psychotherapeutic changes predictable? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47 (3), 469-473.
MacNair, R. and Corazzini, J. (1994). Client factors influencing group therapy dropout. Psychotherapy, 31 (2), 352-362.
Malcolm, B.J., Polanco, M. and Barsuglia, J.P. (2018). Changes in withdrawal and craving scores in participants undergoing opioid detoxification utilizing ibogaine. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2018.1447175.
Mithoefer, M.C., Wagner, M.T., Mithoefer, A.T., Jerome, L., and Doblin, R. (2011). The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first
randomized controlled pilot study. J Psychopharmacol, 25 (4), 439-52.
Nichols, D.E. (2016). Psychedelics. PharmacolRev, 68 (2), 264-355. Observatorio Español de la Droga y las Toxicomanías. INFORME 2017. Situación y tendencias de los problemas de drogas en España. Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas.
Oehen, P., Traber, R., Widmer, V. and Schnyder, U. (2013). A randomized, controlled pilot study of MDMA (± 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of resistant, chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). J Psychopharmacol, 27 (1), 40-52.
Ona, G. (2017). Las drogas psicodélicas en las fronteras del conocimiento humano. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/zn5MMv.
Ona, G. (2018). Modelo biomédico en salud mental: un paradigma a superar. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/xi3XaJ.
Orlinsky, D., Grawe, K. and Parks, K. (1994). Process and outcome in psychotherapy. En: L. Bergin y L. Garfield (Eds.). Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (pp. 270-376). Nueva York: John Wiley and Sons.
Palhano-Fontes, F., Barreto, D., Onias, H., Andrade, K.C., Novaes, M. and de Araujo, B.D. (2017). A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression. BioRxiv. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/103531.
Pols, J. and Kroon, H. (2007). The importance of holiday trips for people with chronic mental health problems. PsychiatrServ, 58 (2), 262-5.
Ross, S., Bossis, A., Guss, J., Agin-Liebes, G., Malone, T., Cohen, B. et al. (2016). Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol, 30, 1165-1180.
Sessa, B. (2012). Shaping the renaissance of psychedelic research. The Lancet, 380 (9838), 200-201.
Viscoli, C.M., Brass, L.M., Kernan, W.N., Sarrel, P.M., Suissa, S. and Horwitz, R.I. (2001). A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 345 (17), 1243-9.
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