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Hernán Pérez, J., Rocha-Gil, Z. E., Pérez-Rubiano, C. C., Parrales-Ramírez, D. A., & Angulo-Flórez, D. H. (2024). Evolución de la calidad de agua en un sistema hídrico del norte de Boyacá utilizando el índice BMWP/Col. Boletín Científico Centro De Museos Museo De Historia Natural, 28(1), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2024.28.1.8
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Autores/as
Johan Hernán Pérez
Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
Zulma Edelmira Rocha-Gil
Claudia Constanza Pérez-Rubiano
Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia,Dumar Ariel Parrales-Ramírez
Diego Hernando Angulo-Flórez
Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaResumen
Este trabajo caracteriza las condiciones hídricas en diferentes sectores del río Comeza del municipio de Socotá ubicado al norte del Departamento de Boyacá, con el fin de estimar la calidad y analizar posibles cambios asociados a las actividades socioeconómicas presentes en su ecosistema. Se colectaron macroinvertebrados acuáticos y se empleó el índice BMWP/Col para identificar la evolución de la calidad del agua en período seco (mes de marzo), y período húmedo (mes octubre), durante los años 2019, 2020 y 2021. Se registró un total de 27 grupos de familias de macroinvertebrados distribuidas en todos los periodos de estudio, con mayor abundancia se observaron: Leptophlebiidae, seguido de Perlidae y Baetidae. El índice BMWP/Col indica que, en promedio el río presenta aguas de calidad clase II (Aceptable), es decir aguas Ligeramente contaminadas principalmente en el P2 y P3. Un resultado de mayor atención, fue el análisis de la salida de campo en época pospandemia (año 2021), donde se distinguió que, en el P2 este se encuentra en estado crítico sobre la calidad del agua, esta zona es aledaña al perímetro urbano. El desarrollo de este tipo de investigaciones en sistemas hídricos de alta montaña, permitirá la toma de medidas para la gestión sostenible de los cursos de agua, así como la mitigación de contaminación en los mismos. La identificación y eliminación de posibles fuentes puntuales de contaminación, el uso de buenas prácticas agroambientales y la recuperación de riberas a lo largo del río Comeza, pueden ser esenciales para mejorar el estado ecológico de este sistema fluvial.
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Agudelo-Calderón, C. A., García-Ubaqie, J. C., Robledo-Martínez, R., García-Ubaque, C. A., & Quiroz-Arcentales, L. (2016).Evaluation of environmental conditions: air, water and soil in areas of mining activity in Boyacá, Colombia. Revista de Salud Pública, 18(1), 50-60. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v18n1.55384
Andrade, D. P., Paschoal, L. R., Sá, O. R., & França, N. (2012). Water quality assessment of fifth-order tributaries of the reservoir at the Marechal Mascarenhas de Morais Hydroelectric Power Station in the Rio Grande watershed (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil). Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 24(3), 326-337. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2013005000002
Arimoro, F. O., & Keke, U. N. (2021). Stream biodiversity and monitoring in North Central, Nigeria: The use of macroinvertebrate indicator species as surrogates. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(24), 31003-31012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12922-w
Cárdenas-Castro, E., Lugo-Vargas, L., González-Acosta, J. E., & Tenjo-Morales, A. I. (2018). Application of the family biotic index of macroinvertebrates for water characterization of the Teusaca River, tributary of the Bogotá River. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 21(2), 587-597. https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v21.n2.2018.1004
Domínguez, E., & Fernández, H. R. (2009). South American benthic acroinvertebrates. Systematics and biology. Fundación Miguel Lillo (Vol. 4). Fundación Miguel Lillo. https://www.lillo.org.ar/editorial/index.php/publicaciones/catalog/book/125
Edegbene, A. O., Odume, O. N., Arimoro, F. O., & Keke, U. N. (2021). Identifying and classifying macroinvertebrate indicator signature traits and ecological preferences along urban pollution gradient in the Niger Delta. Environmental Pollution, 281(1), 117076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117076
Fierro, P., Bertrán, C., Mercado, M., Peña-Cortés, F., Tapia, J., Hauenstein, E., & Vargas-Chacoff, L. (2012). Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages as indicators of water quality applying a modified biotic index in a spatio-seasonal context in a coastal basin of Southern Chile. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 47(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-19572012000100003
Forero, L. C., Longo, M., Ramírez-R., J. J., & Chalar, G. (2014). Aquatic Ecological Index based on freshwater (ICERN-MAE) for the Río Negro watershed, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical, 62(2), 233-247.
García-Alzate, C. A., Villegas-Acosta, P. A., & Román-Valencia, C. (2017). Physical chemical and biological analysis of rio Santo Domingo, río Verde tributary, la vieja river basin, alto Cauca, Colombia. Boletín Científico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural, 21(1), 31-51. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2017.21.1.3
Gargiulo, J. R., Mercante, C. T. J., Brandimarte, A. L., & Menezes, L. C. (2016). Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in Billings Reservoir fishing sites (SP, Brazil). Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 28(17), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2315
Heckman, C. W. (2006). Encyclopedia of the aquatic insects of South America: Odonata - Anisoptera, Original text: Illustrated keys to known families, genera and species in South America (Kindle Edition). Springer Países Bajos.
Horton, R. E. (1945). Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. GSA Bulletin, 56(3), 275-370. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[275:EDOSAT]2.0.CO;2
Machado, V., Granda, R., & Endara, A. (2018). Analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates and biotic indices to evaluate water quality in Sardina´s River, Ecuadorian Chocó Andino. Enfoque UTE, 9(4), 154-167. https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v9n4.369
Manzo, V. (2005). Key to the South America genera of Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) with distributional data. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 40(3), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520500140619
Méndez-Rojas, D., López-García, M., & García-Cárdenas, R. (2012). Diversity of rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in restored high-Andean forests from the Colombian Central Andes. Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 38(1), 141-147.
Miguélez, D., Mazé, R. A., Ansola, G., & Valladares, L. F. (2013). Aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera assemblages of a Cantabrian coastal stream (North Spain): composition, seasonal variation and environmental factors. Limnética, 32(1), 47-60.
Murillo-Montoya, S. A., Restrepo-Bastidas, E. S., Mendoza, A. M., Fadul-Vázquez, C. J., Calderón-García, X. F., & Rodríguez, M. A. (2018). Macro-invertebrates Associated with Eichhornia crassipes Roots (Pontederiaceae) in the Ciénaga de Palagua (Colombia). Ambiente y Desarrollo, 22(43), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.ayd22-43.mare
Navia, S. L. Á. de, Estupiñán-Torres, S. M., & González, L. D. (2016). Bacteriological water quality Vereda El Charco, San Miguel de Sema, Boyacá, Colombia. NOVA, 14(25), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.1744
Pascual, G., Iannacone, J., & Alvariño, L. (2019). Benthic macroinvertebrates and toxicological tests for assessing water andsediment quality of the Rimac river, Lima, Perú. Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú, 30(4), 1421-1442. https://doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v30i4.17164
Pérez, J. H., Martínez-Romero, L. C., Castellanos-Guerrero, L. T., Mora-Parada, A. R., & Rocha, Z. E. G. (2020). Macroinvertebrate bioindicators of water quality in artificial hydrological systems in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. Producción + Limpia, 15(1), 35-48. https://doi.org/10.22507/pml.v15n1a3
Pérez, J. H., Rocha-Gil, Z. E., Cifuentes-Osorio, G. R., Pérez-Rubiano, C. C., & Parrales-Ramírez, D. A. (2023). Physicochemical and Biological Structure as Indicators of the Environmental Quality of Surface Water Streams. Boletín Científico Centro de Museos Museo de Historia Natural, 27(1), 55-70. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2023.27.1.3
Pérez, J. H., Rocha-Gil, Z. E., Pérez-Rubiano, C. C., & Bernal-Figueroa, A. A. (2021). Biological quality in an aquatic system influenced bymining and agricultural activities: river Salitre, Boyacá (Colombia). Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 24(3), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.3387
Posada, E., Mojica, D., Pino, N., Bustamante, C., & Pineda, A. M. (2013). Establishment of environmental quality indices of rivers according to the behavior of dissolved oxygen and temperature. Applied to the Medellín river, in the Valley of Aburra in Colombia. DYNA, 80(181), 192-200.
Posada-García, J. A., & Roldán-Pérez, G. (2003). Illustrated key for the larvae of Trichoptera in the northwest of Colombia. Caldasia, 25(1), 169-192.
Quesada-Alvarado, F., & Solano-Ulate, D. (2020). Aquatic macroinvertebrate colonization on three artificial substrates, in a tropical river. Revista de Biología Tropical, 68(S2), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68iS2.44339
Quispe, A. H., & Araujo, A. A. H. (2018). Composition and structure of water beetle’s community (Insecta: Coleoptera) along an altitudinal gradient, Cusco, Perú. Revista Peruana de Biología, 25(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v25i1.13818
Ríos-Tobón, S., Agudelo-Cadavid, R., & Gutiérrez-Builes, L. A. (2017). Pathogens and microbiological indicators of the quality of water for human consumption. Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, 35(2), 236-247. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v35n2a08
Rivera-Gutiérrez, J. V. (2016). Determination of oxidation rates, nitrification and sedimentation in the process of self-purification of a mountain river. Ingeniare. Revista chilena de ingeniería, 24(2), 314-326. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33052016000200013
Rocha, Z. E. G., Ramírez, E. S., & Rodríguez, L. Á. C. (2017). Ecological restoration influence on the physicochemical and biological the water quality, the case quebrada La Colorada. Cuaderno Activa, 9(1), 77-91.
Rocha, Z. E. G., Rodríguez, L. Á. C., Rodríguez, J. L. V., & Soler, X. D. (2015). Bioindicators of water quality in areas with ecological restoration of the quebrada La Colorada, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá. I3+, 2(2), 10-27. https://doi.org/10.24267/23462329.108
Rodríguez, J. F. R., Agudelo, G. A. P., & Álvarez, L. I. M. (2021). Structure of the aquatic Diptera community in the upper basins of the Fucha and Bogotá rivers. Acta Biológica Colombiana, 26(2), 147-159. https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v26n2.81916
Roldán-Pérez, G. (1996). Guide for the study of aquatic macroinvertebrates in the department of Antioquia. Fondo Fen Colombia.
Roldán-Pérez, G. (1999). Macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality: four decades of development in Colombia and Latin America. Revista de La Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, 23(88), 375-387.
Roldán-Pérez, G. (2003). Bioindication of water quality in Colombia: Proposal for the use of the BMWP/Col method. Editorial Universidad de Antioquia.
Serna-Macías, D. J., Eslava-Eljaiek, P., & Tamaris-Turizo, C. E. (2019). Characterization of a temporary pond of the north of Colombia and biological and ecological aspects of Dendrocephalus affinis. Revista Peruana de Biología, 26(3), 361-368. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v26i3.15719
Terneus, E., Hernández, K., & Racines, M. J. (2012). Ecological evaluation of the Lliquino River through aquatic macroinvertebrates, Pastaza-Ecuador. Revista de Ciencias, 16, 31-45.
Vargas, J. D., Lizarazo, L. M., Valdivieso, M., & García, D. (2019). Quantitative microbiological risks assessment associated with the consumption of water of Chicamocha river in Boavita-Boyacá. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 22(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v22.n1.2019.1187
Vega-Sagarra, X. (2020). Different solutions for the delimitation and coding of surface basins. Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, 41(2), 75-84.
Vyas, V., Hassan, M., Vindhani, S., Parmar, H., & Bhalani, V. (2015). Physicochemical and Microbiological Assessment of Drinking Water from Different Sources in Junagadh City, India. American Journal of Microbiological Research, 3(4), 148-154. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-3-4-5
Walteros-Rodríguez, J. M., Castaño Rojas, J. M., & Marulanda-Gómez, J. H. (2016). Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages and ecological state of Dali sub-basin, Risaralda State, Colombia. Hidrobiológica, 26(3), 359-371.
Zuñiga, O., Cobas, G., Rivera, J., & Hernández, K. (2016). Assessment of Murky Water and its Conductivity During Dry and Rainy Seasons in Combeima River (Ibague, Colombia). Ingeniería solidaria, 12(1), 19-36. https://doi.org/10.16925/in.v12i19.1191
Andrade, D. P., Paschoal, L. R., Sá, O. R., & França, N. (2012). Water quality assessment of fifth-order tributaries of the reservoir at the Marechal Mascarenhas de Morais Hydroelectric Power Station in the Rio Grande watershed (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil). Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 24(3), 326-337. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2013005000002
Arimoro, F. O., & Keke, U. N. (2021). Stream biodiversity and monitoring in North Central, Nigeria: The use of macroinvertebrate indicator species as surrogates. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(24), 31003-31012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12922-w
Cárdenas-Castro, E., Lugo-Vargas, L., González-Acosta, J. E., & Tenjo-Morales, A. I. (2018). Application of the family biotic index of macroinvertebrates for water characterization of the Teusaca River, tributary of the Bogotá River. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 21(2), 587-597. https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v21.n2.2018.1004
Domínguez, E., & Fernández, H. R. (2009). South American benthic acroinvertebrates. Systematics and biology. Fundación Miguel Lillo (Vol. 4). Fundación Miguel Lillo. https://www.lillo.org.ar/editorial/index.php/publicaciones/catalog/book/125
Edegbene, A. O., Odume, O. N., Arimoro, F. O., & Keke, U. N. (2021). Identifying and classifying macroinvertebrate indicator signature traits and ecological preferences along urban pollution gradient in the Niger Delta. Environmental Pollution, 281(1), 117076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117076
Fierro, P., Bertrán, C., Mercado, M., Peña-Cortés, F., Tapia, J., Hauenstein, E., & Vargas-Chacoff, L. (2012). Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages as indicators of water quality applying a modified biotic index in a spatio-seasonal context in a coastal basin of Southern Chile. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 47(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-19572012000100003
Forero, L. C., Longo, M., Ramírez-R., J. J., & Chalar, G. (2014). Aquatic Ecological Index based on freshwater (ICERN-MAE) for the Río Negro watershed, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical, 62(2), 233-247.
García-Alzate, C. A., Villegas-Acosta, P. A., & Román-Valencia, C. (2017). Physical chemical and biological analysis of rio Santo Domingo, río Verde tributary, la vieja river basin, alto Cauca, Colombia. Boletín Científico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural, 21(1), 31-51. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2017.21.1.3
Gargiulo, J. R., Mercante, C. T. J., Brandimarte, A. L., & Menezes, L. C. (2016). Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in Billings Reservoir fishing sites (SP, Brazil). Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 28(17), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2315
Heckman, C. W. (2006). Encyclopedia of the aquatic insects of South America: Odonata - Anisoptera, Original text: Illustrated keys to known families, genera and species in South America (Kindle Edition). Springer Países Bajos.
Horton, R. E. (1945). Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. GSA Bulletin, 56(3), 275-370. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[275:EDOSAT]2.0.CO;2
Machado, V., Granda, R., & Endara, A. (2018). Analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates and biotic indices to evaluate water quality in Sardina´s River, Ecuadorian Chocó Andino. Enfoque UTE, 9(4), 154-167. https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v9n4.369
Manzo, V. (2005). Key to the South America genera of Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) with distributional data. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 40(3), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520500140619
Méndez-Rojas, D., López-García, M., & García-Cárdenas, R. (2012). Diversity of rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in restored high-Andean forests from the Colombian Central Andes. Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 38(1), 141-147.
Miguélez, D., Mazé, R. A., Ansola, G., & Valladares, L. F. (2013). Aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera assemblages of a Cantabrian coastal stream (North Spain): composition, seasonal variation and environmental factors. Limnética, 32(1), 47-60.
Murillo-Montoya, S. A., Restrepo-Bastidas, E. S., Mendoza, A. M., Fadul-Vázquez, C. J., Calderón-García, X. F., & Rodríguez, M. A. (2018). Macro-invertebrates Associated with Eichhornia crassipes Roots (Pontederiaceae) in the Ciénaga de Palagua (Colombia). Ambiente y Desarrollo, 22(43), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.ayd22-43.mare
Navia, S. L. Á. de, Estupiñán-Torres, S. M., & González, L. D. (2016). Bacteriological water quality Vereda El Charco, San Miguel de Sema, Boyacá, Colombia. NOVA, 14(25), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.1744
Pascual, G., Iannacone, J., & Alvariño, L. (2019). Benthic macroinvertebrates and toxicological tests for assessing water andsediment quality of the Rimac river, Lima, Perú. Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú, 30(4), 1421-1442. https://doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v30i4.17164
Pérez, J. H., Martínez-Romero, L. C., Castellanos-Guerrero, L. T., Mora-Parada, A. R., & Rocha, Z. E. G. (2020). Macroinvertebrate bioindicators of water quality in artificial hydrological systems in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. Producción + Limpia, 15(1), 35-48. https://doi.org/10.22507/pml.v15n1a3
Pérez, J. H., Rocha-Gil, Z. E., Cifuentes-Osorio, G. R., Pérez-Rubiano, C. C., & Parrales-Ramírez, D. A. (2023). Physicochemical and Biological Structure as Indicators of the Environmental Quality of Surface Water Streams. Boletín Científico Centro de Museos Museo de Historia Natural, 27(1), 55-70. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2023.27.1.3
Pérez, J. H., Rocha-Gil, Z. E., Pérez-Rubiano, C. C., & Bernal-Figueroa, A. A. (2021). Biological quality in an aquatic system influenced bymining and agricultural activities: river Salitre, Boyacá (Colombia). Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 24(3), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.3387
Posada, E., Mojica, D., Pino, N., Bustamante, C., & Pineda, A. M. (2013). Establishment of environmental quality indices of rivers according to the behavior of dissolved oxygen and temperature. Applied to the Medellín river, in the Valley of Aburra in Colombia. DYNA, 80(181), 192-200.
Posada-García, J. A., & Roldán-Pérez, G. (2003). Illustrated key for the larvae of Trichoptera in the northwest of Colombia. Caldasia, 25(1), 169-192.
Quesada-Alvarado, F., & Solano-Ulate, D. (2020). Aquatic macroinvertebrate colonization on three artificial substrates, in a tropical river. Revista de Biología Tropical, 68(S2), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68iS2.44339
Quispe, A. H., & Araujo, A. A. H. (2018). Composition and structure of water beetle’s community (Insecta: Coleoptera) along an altitudinal gradient, Cusco, Perú. Revista Peruana de Biología, 25(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v25i1.13818
Ríos-Tobón, S., Agudelo-Cadavid, R., & Gutiérrez-Builes, L. A. (2017). Pathogens and microbiological indicators of the quality of water for human consumption. Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, 35(2), 236-247. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v35n2a08
Rivera-Gutiérrez, J. V. (2016). Determination of oxidation rates, nitrification and sedimentation in the process of self-purification of a mountain river. Ingeniare. Revista chilena de ingeniería, 24(2), 314-326. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33052016000200013
Rocha, Z. E. G., Ramírez, E. S., & Rodríguez, L. Á. C. (2017). Ecological restoration influence on the physicochemical and biological the water quality, the case quebrada La Colorada. Cuaderno Activa, 9(1), 77-91.
Rocha, Z. E. G., Rodríguez, L. Á. C., Rodríguez, J. L. V., & Soler, X. D. (2015). Bioindicators of water quality in areas with ecological restoration of the quebrada La Colorada, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá. I3+, 2(2), 10-27. https://doi.org/10.24267/23462329.108
Rodríguez, J. F. R., Agudelo, G. A. P., & Álvarez, L. I. M. (2021). Structure of the aquatic Diptera community in the upper basins of the Fucha and Bogotá rivers. Acta Biológica Colombiana, 26(2), 147-159. https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v26n2.81916
Roldán-Pérez, G. (1996). Guide for the study of aquatic macroinvertebrates in the department of Antioquia. Fondo Fen Colombia.
Roldán-Pérez, G. (1999). Macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality: four decades of development in Colombia and Latin America. Revista de La Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, 23(88), 375-387.
Roldán-Pérez, G. (2003). Bioindication of water quality in Colombia: Proposal for the use of the BMWP/Col method. Editorial Universidad de Antioquia.
Serna-Macías, D. J., Eslava-Eljaiek, P., & Tamaris-Turizo, C. E. (2019). Characterization of a temporary pond of the north of Colombia and biological and ecological aspects of Dendrocephalus affinis. Revista Peruana de Biología, 26(3), 361-368. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v26i3.15719
Terneus, E., Hernández, K., & Racines, M. J. (2012). Ecological evaluation of the Lliquino River through aquatic macroinvertebrates, Pastaza-Ecuador. Revista de Ciencias, 16, 31-45.
Vargas, J. D., Lizarazo, L. M., Valdivieso, M., & García, D. (2019). Quantitative microbiological risks assessment associated with the consumption of water of Chicamocha river in Boavita-Boyacá. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 22(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v22.n1.2019.1187
Vega-Sagarra, X. (2020). Different solutions for the delimitation and coding of surface basins. Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, 41(2), 75-84.
Vyas, V., Hassan, M., Vindhani, S., Parmar, H., & Bhalani, V. (2015). Physicochemical and Microbiological Assessment of Drinking Water from Different Sources in Junagadh City, India. American Journal of Microbiological Research, 3(4), 148-154. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-3-4-5
Walteros-Rodríguez, J. M., Castaño Rojas, J. M., & Marulanda-Gómez, J. H. (2016). Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages and ecological state of Dali sub-basin, Risaralda State, Colombia. Hidrobiológica, 26(3), 359-371.
Zuñiga, O., Cobas, G., Rivera, J., & Hernández, K. (2016). Assessment of Murky Water and its Conductivity During Dry and Rainy Seasons in Combeima River (Ibague, Colombia). Ingeniería solidaria, 12(1), 19-36. https://doi.org/10.16925/in.v12i19.1191
