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Cruz Bernate, L. . (2021). Does being dominant bring advantages? Hierarchical position, nesting sites and reproductive success of Forpus conspicillatus (Aves: Psittacidae). Boletín Científico. Centro De Museos, 25(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2021.25.1.5
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Abstract
The relationship between the preference of selection of nesting sites, the hierarchical position and the reproductive success of Spectacled parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus) were researched in Universidad del Valle and Pozo Verde Natural Reserve in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The nesting sites were installed according to the variables height above the ground (1m and 4m) and distance to nearest tree (0m, 15m and50 m). The adult pairs preferred the nest boxes located 4 m above the ground. The hierarchical position of the pairs was not significantly correlated with the priority of choosing the nest boxes but with the selection of boxes in the preferred sites. The dominant pairs produced a greater number of eggs than the subordinate ones, but there was no correlation between hierarchical position and number of chicks that reached the exodus. Nor there was correlation between annual productivity, measured as the number of chicks that reached the exodus and the location of the nest boxes. The absence of correlation could be due to the fact that predation, the main cause of mortality of chicks, had the same incidence in all situations. Infanticide by Troglodytes aedon was responsible for 30.30% of the nest failures of F. conspicillatus but damage by T. aedon was not more frequent at sites preferred by F. conspicillatus.
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References
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Alcock, J. (1989). Animal Behaviour. (4 ed.). Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
Alonso, J. C., Bautista, L. M. y Alonso, J. A. (1997). Dominance and the dynamics of phenotype limited distribution in common cranes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 40, 401-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002650050356
Beissinger, S. R. y Waltman, J. R. (1991). Extraordinary clutch size and hatching asynchrony of a Neotropical Parrot. Auk, 108, 863-871. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/108.4.863
Belles-Isles, J. C. y Picman, J. (1986a). Nesting losses and nest site preferences in House Wrens. Condor, 88, 483-486. https://doi.org/10.2307/1368275
Belles-Isles, J. C. y Picman, J. (1986b). House Wren nest-destroying behavior. Condor, 88, 190-193. https://doi.org/10.2307/1368914
Best, L. B. y Stauffer, D. F. (1980). Factors affecting success in riparian bird communities. Condor, 82, 149-158. https://doi.org/10.2307/1367468
Brawn, J. D. (1988). Selectivity and ecological consequences of cavity nesters using natural vs. artificial nest sites. Auk, 105, 789-791. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087398
Brawn, J. D. y Balda, R. P. (1988). Population biology of cavity nesters in Northern Arizona: do nest sites limit breeding densities? Condor, 90, 61-71. https://doi.org/10.2307/1368434
Brightsmith, D. J. (2005). Parrot nesting in southwastern Peru: seasonal patterns and keystone trees. Wilson Bulletin, 117, 296-305. https://doi.org/10.1676/03-087A.1
Davies, N. B., Krebs, J. R. y West, S. A. (2012). An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology. (4 ed). Oxford: Willey Blackwell.
Dobkin, D. S., Rich, A. C., Pretare, J. A. y Pyle, W. H. (1995). Nest site relationships among birds of riparian and snowpocket aspen woodlands in the northwestern Great Basin. Condor, 97, 694–707. https://doi.org/10.2307/1369178
Espinal, L. S. (1967). Apuntes sobre Ecología Colombiana. Cali: Universidad del Valle.
Finch, D. M. (1989). Relationships of surrounding riparian habitat to nest-box use and reproductive outcome in House wrens. Condor, 91, 848-859. https://doi.org/10.2307/1368069
Freed, L. A. (1986). Usurpatory and opportunistic bigamy in tropical House Wrens. Animal Behaviour, 34, 1894-1896. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80277-9
Garnetzke-Stollmann, K. y Franck, D. (1988). Long-lasting sibling relationships as a mean to acquire reproductive ability in the Spectacled Parrotlet (Forpus conspicillatus). en R. van den Elzen, K-L. Schuchmann y K. Schmidt-Koenig (eds). Current topics in avian biology (pp. 293-298). Stuugart: Deutsche ornithologen-Gesellschaft.
Garnetzke-Stollmann, K. y Franck, D. (1991). Socialisation tactics of the spectacled parrotlet (Forpus conspicillatus). Behaviour, 119, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853991X00346
Gill, F. B. (2007). Ornithology. New York: W. H. Freeman and Co.
Gómez, N. (1991). Historia Natural de Forpus conspicillatus (Aves: Psittacidae) en el Valle del Cauca (Tesis de pregrado). Universidad del Valle, Cali. Colombia.
Hahn, S. y Bauer, S. (2008). Dominance in feeding territories relates to foraging success and offpring grown skuas Catharacta antárctica lonnbergi. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 62, 1149-1157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-007-0543-7
Hardy, J. W. (1965). Flock social behavior of the Orange-fronted Parakeet. Condor, 67, 140-156. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1365258
Joy, J. B. (2000). Characteristics of nest cavities and nest trees of the Red-breasted Sapsucker in coastal montane forests. Journal of Field Ornithology, 71, 525–530. https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-71.3.525
Kattán, G. H. y Gómez, N. (1992). Body temperature of Spectacled Parrotlet nestlings in relation to body mass and brood size. Condor, 94, 280-282. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1368818
Krause, J. y Ruxton, G. D. (2002). Living in groups. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lanning, D. V. y Shiflett, J. T. (1983). Nesting ecology of Thick-billed Parrots. Condor, 85, 66-73. https://doi.org/10.2307/1367891
Levinson, S. T. (1980). The social behavior of the White-fronted Amazon (Amazona albifrons). Conservation of New World Parrots. En R. F. Pasquier (ed.). Proceedings of the JCBP Parrot Working Group Meeting (pp. 403-417). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Li, P. y Martin, T. E. (1991). Nest-site selection and nesting success of cavity-nesting birds in high elevation forest drainages. Auk, 108, 405-418. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/108.2.405
Lindsey, G. D. (1992). Nest guarding from observation blinds: strategy for improving Puerto Rican Parrot nest success. Journal Field Ornithology, 63, 466-472. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4513745
Marsden, S. J. y Jones, M. J. (1997). The nesting requirements of the parrots and hornbill of suma, Indonesia. Biological Conservation, 82, 279-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00038-4
Martin, T. E. y Roper, J. L. (1988). Nest predation and nest-site selection of a western population of the Hermit Thrush. Condor, 90, 51-57. https://doi.org/10.2307/1368432
Martin, T. E. y Roper, J. L. (1992). Interaction of nest predation and food limitation in reproductive strategies. Current Ornithology, 9, 163-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9921-7_5
Martin, T. E., Roper, J. L. y Li, P. (1992). Life history traits of open vs. cavity-nesting birds. Ecology, 73, 579-592. https://doi.org/10.2307/1940764
Moller, A. P. (1989). Parasites, predators and nest boxes: facts and artefacts in nest box studies of birds? Oikos, 56, 421-423. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3565628
Nilsson, S. G. (1984). The evolution of nest site selection among hole-nesting birds: the importance of nest predation and competition. Ornis Scandinavica, 15, 165–175. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3675958
Nilsson, S. G. (1986). Evolution of hole-nesting in birds: on balancing selection pressures. Auk, 103, 432-435. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087101
Peterson, B. y Gauthier, G. (1985). Nest site use by cavity-nesting birds of the Caribou Parkland, British Columbia. Wilson Bulletin, 97, 319-331. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4162105
Poisbleau, M., Guillenain, M., Demongin, L. y Carslake, D. (2009). Within-brood social status and consequences for Winter hierarchies amongst mallard Anas platyrhynchos ducklings. Journal of Ornithology, 150, 195-204. DOI 10.1007/s10336-008-0334-6
Power, D. M. (1966). Agonistic behavior and vocalizations of Orange-chinned Parakeets in captivity. Condor, 68, 562-581. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1366264
Pribil, S. y Picman, J. (1991). Why House Wrens destroy clutches of other birds: a support for the nest site competition hypothesis. Condor, 93, 184-185. https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/condor/.../p0184-p0185.pdf
Pulliam, H. R. y Caraco, T. (1984). Living in groups: Is there an optimal group size? En J. R. Krebs y N. B. Davies (eds.). Behavioral ecology. (2 ed.) (pp. 122-147). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Rendell, W. B. y Robertson, R. J. (1989). Nest-site characteristics, reproductive success and cavity availability for Tree Swallows breeding in natural cavities. Condor, 91, 875-885. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1368072
Renton, K. (2004). Agonistic interactions of nesting and nonbreeding macaws. Condor, 106, 354-362. https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.2.354
Rodríguez-Castillo, A. M. y Eberhard, J. R. (2006). Reproductive behavior of the productive behavior of the Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) in western Panama. Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 118, 225-236. https://doi.org/10.1676/05-003.1
Rogers, L. J. y McCulloch, H. (1981). Pair-bonding in the Galah Cacatua roseicapilla. Bird Behaviour, 3, 80-92. https://doi.org/10.3727/015613881791560694
Sánchez–Martínez, T. C. y Renton, K. (2009). Availibility and selection of arboreal termitaria as nest-sites by Orange-fronted Parakeets Aratinga canicularis in conserved and modified landscapes in Mexico. Ibis, 151 (2), 311-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00911.x
Skeate, S. T. (1984). Courtship and reproductive behaviour of captive White-fronted Amazon Parrots Amazona albifrons. Bird Behaviour, 5, 103-109.
Snyder, N. F. R., Wiley, J. W. y Kepler, C. B. (1987). The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural History and Conservation of the Puerto Rican Parrot. Los Angeles: Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology.
Stauffer, D. E. y Best, L. B. (1982). Nest site selection by cavity-nesting of riparian habitats in Iowa. Wilson Bulletin, 94, 329-337. http://www.jstor.com/stable/4161643
Strahl, S. D., Desenne, P. A., Jimenez, J. L. y Goldstein, I. R. (1991). Behavior and biology of the Hawk-Headed Parrot, Deroptyus accipitrinus, in Southern Venezuela. Condor, 93, 177-180. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1368622
Waltman, J. R. y Beissinger, S. T. (1992). Breeding behavior of the Green-Rumped Parrotlet. Wilson Bulletin, 104, 65-84. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4163117
Wanker, R. (1990). Beiträge zur Ökologie und Sperlingspapageis (Forpus conspicillatus) Diplomarbeit (Tesis de grado). Universität Hamburg.
Wanker, R. (1999). Socialization in Spectacled Parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus): how juveniles compensate for the lack of siblings. Acta Ethological, 2, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012228
Wanker, R. y Fischer, J. (2001). Intra-and interindividual variation in the contact calls of Spectacled Parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus). Behaviour, 138, 709-726. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853901752233361
Wanker, R., Apcin, J., Jennerjahn, B. y Waibel, B. (1998). Discrimination of different socialcompanions in Spectacled Parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus): evidence for individual vocal recognition. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 43, 197-202. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4601505
Wanker, R., Cruz Bernate, L. y Franck, D. (1996). Socialization of Spectacled Parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus): The role of parents, creches and sibling groups in nature. Journal für Ornithologie, 137, 447-461. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01661101
Albano, D. J. (1992). Nesting mortality of Carolina Chickadees breeding in natural cavities. Condor 94, 371-382. https://doi.org/10.2307/1369210
Alcock, J. (1989). Animal Behaviour. (4 ed.). Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
Alonso, J. C., Bautista, L. M. y Alonso, J. A. (1997). Dominance and the dynamics of phenotype limited distribution in common cranes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 40, 401-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002650050356
Beissinger, S. R. y Waltman, J. R. (1991). Extraordinary clutch size and hatching asynchrony of a Neotropical Parrot. Auk, 108, 863-871. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/108.4.863
Belles-Isles, J. C. y Picman, J. (1986a). Nesting losses and nest site preferences in House Wrens. Condor, 88, 483-486. https://doi.org/10.2307/1368275
Belles-Isles, J. C. y Picman, J. (1986b). House Wren nest-destroying behavior. Condor, 88, 190-193. https://doi.org/10.2307/1368914
Best, L. B. y Stauffer, D. F. (1980). Factors affecting success in riparian bird communities. Condor, 82, 149-158. https://doi.org/10.2307/1367468
Brawn, J. D. (1988). Selectivity and ecological consequences of cavity nesters using natural vs. artificial nest sites. Auk, 105, 789-791. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087398
Brawn, J. D. y Balda, R. P. (1988). Population biology of cavity nesters in Northern Arizona: do nest sites limit breeding densities? Condor, 90, 61-71. https://doi.org/10.2307/1368434
Brightsmith, D. J. (2005). Parrot nesting in southwastern Peru: seasonal patterns and keystone trees. Wilson Bulletin, 117, 296-305. https://doi.org/10.1676/03-087A.1
Davies, N. B., Krebs, J. R. y West, S. A. (2012). An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology. (4 ed). Oxford: Willey Blackwell.
Dobkin, D. S., Rich, A. C., Pretare, J. A. y Pyle, W. H. (1995). Nest site relationships among birds of riparian and snowpocket aspen woodlands in the northwestern Great Basin. Condor, 97, 694–707. https://doi.org/10.2307/1369178
Espinal, L. S. (1967). Apuntes sobre Ecología Colombiana. Cali: Universidad del Valle.
Finch, D. M. (1989). Relationships of surrounding riparian habitat to nest-box use and reproductive outcome in House wrens. Condor, 91, 848-859. https://doi.org/10.2307/1368069
Freed, L. A. (1986). Usurpatory and opportunistic bigamy in tropical House Wrens. Animal Behaviour, 34, 1894-1896. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80277-9
Garnetzke-Stollmann, K. y Franck, D. (1988). Long-lasting sibling relationships as a mean to acquire reproductive ability in the Spectacled Parrotlet (Forpus conspicillatus). en R. van den Elzen, K-L. Schuchmann y K. Schmidt-Koenig (eds). Current topics in avian biology (pp. 293-298). Stuugart: Deutsche ornithologen-Gesellschaft.
Garnetzke-Stollmann, K. y Franck, D. (1991). Socialisation tactics of the spectacled parrotlet (Forpus conspicillatus). Behaviour, 119, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853991X00346
Gill, F. B. (2007). Ornithology. New York: W. H. Freeman and Co.
Gómez, N. (1991). Historia Natural de Forpus conspicillatus (Aves: Psittacidae) en el Valle del Cauca (Tesis de pregrado). Universidad del Valle, Cali. Colombia.
Hahn, S. y Bauer, S. (2008). Dominance in feeding territories relates to foraging success and offpring grown skuas Catharacta antárctica lonnbergi. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 62, 1149-1157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-007-0543-7
Hardy, J. W. (1965). Flock social behavior of the Orange-fronted Parakeet. Condor, 67, 140-156. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1365258
Joy, J. B. (2000). Characteristics of nest cavities and nest trees of the Red-breasted Sapsucker in coastal montane forests. Journal of Field Ornithology, 71, 525–530. https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-71.3.525
Kattán, G. H. y Gómez, N. (1992). Body temperature of Spectacled Parrotlet nestlings in relation to body mass and brood size. Condor, 94, 280-282. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1368818
Krause, J. y Ruxton, G. D. (2002). Living in groups. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lanning, D. V. y Shiflett, J. T. (1983). Nesting ecology of Thick-billed Parrots. Condor, 85, 66-73. https://doi.org/10.2307/1367891
Levinson, S. T. (1980). The social behavior of the White-fronted Amazon (Amazona albifrons). Conservation of New World Parrots. En R. F. Pasquier (ed.). Proceedings of the JCBP Parrot Working Group Meeting (pp. 403-417). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Li, P. y Martin, T. E. (1991). Nest-site selection and nesting success of cavity-nesting birds in high elevation forest drainages. Auk, 108, 405-418. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/108.2.405
Lindsey, G. D. (1992). Nest guarding from observation blinds: strategy for improving Puerto Rican Parrot nest success. Journal Field Ornithology, 63, 466-472. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4513745
Marsden, S. J. y Jones, M. J. (1997). The nesting requirements of the parrots and hornbill of suma, Indonesia. Biological Conservation, 82, 279-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00038-4
Martin, T. E. y Roper, J. L. (1988). Nest predation and nest-site selection of a western population of the Hermit Thrush. Condor, 90, 51-57. https://doi.org/10.2307/1368432
Martin, T. E. y Roper, J. L. (1992). Interaction of nest predation and food limitation in reproductive strategies. Current Ornithology, 9, 163-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9921-7_5
Martin, T. E., Roper, J. L. y Li, P. (1992). Life history traits of open vs. cavity-nesting birds. Ecology, 73, 579-592. https://doi.org/10.2307/1940764
Moller, A. P. (1989). Parasites, predators and nest boxes: facts and artefacts in nest box studies of birds? Oikos, 56, 421-423. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3565628
Nilsson, S. G. (1984). The evolution of nest site selection among hole-nesting birds: the importance of nest predation and competition. Ornis Scandinavica, 15, 165–175. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3675958
Nilsson, S. G. (1986). Evolution of hole-nesting in birds: on balancing selection pressures. Auk, 103, 432-435. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087101
Peterson, B. y Gauthier, G. (1985). Nest site use by cavity-nesting birds of the Caribou Parkland, British Columbia. Wilson Bulletin, 97, 319-331. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4162105
Poisbleau, M., Guillenain, M., Demongin, L. y Carslake, D. (2009). Within-brood social status and consequences for Winter hierarchies amongst mallard Anas platyrhynchos ducklings. Journal of Ornithology, 150, 195-204. DOI 10.1007/s10336-008-0334-6
Power, D. M. (1966). Agonistic behavior and vocalizations of Orange-chinned Parakeets in captivity. Condor, 68, 562-581. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1366264
Pribil, S. y Picman, J. (1991). Why House Wrens destroy clutches of other birds: a support for the nest site competition hypothesis. Condor, 93, 184-185. https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/condor/.../p0184-p0185.pdf
Pulliam, H. R. y Caraco, T. (1984). Living in groups: Is there an optimal group size? En J. R. Krebs y N. B. Davies (eds.). Behavioral ecology. (2 ed.) (pp. 122-147). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Rendell, W. B. y Robertson, R. J. (1989). Nest-site characteristics, reproductive success and cavity availability for Tree Swallows breeding in natural cavities. Condor, 91, 875-885. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1368072
Renton, K. (2004). Agonistic interactions of nesting and nonbreeding macaws. Condor, 106, 354-362. https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.2.354
Rodríguez-Castillo, A. M. y Eberhard, J. R. (2006). Reproductive behavior of the productive behavior of the Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) in western Panama. Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 118, 225-236. https://doi.org/10.1676/05-003.1
Rogers, L. J. y McCulloch, H. (1981). Pair-bonding in the Galah Cacatua roseicapilla. Bird Behaviour, 3, 80-92. https://doi.org/10.3727/015613881791560694
Sánchez–Martínez, T. C. y Renton, K. (2009). Availibility and selection of arboreal termitaria as nest-sites by Orange-fronted Parakeets Aratinga canicularis in conserved and modified landscapes in Mexico. Ibis, 151 (2), 311-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00911.x
Skeate, S. T. (1984). Courtship and reproductive behaviour of captive White-fronted Amazon Parrots Amazona albifrons. Bird Behaviour, 5, 103-109.
Snyder, N. F. R., Wiley, J. W. y Kepler, C. B. (1987). The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural History and Conservation of the Puerto Rican Parrot. Los Angeles: Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology.
Stauffer, D. E. y Best, L. B. (1982). Nest site selection by cavity-nesting of riparian habitats in Iowa. Wilson Bulletin, 94, 329-337. http://www.jstor.com/stable/4161643
Strahl, S. D., Desenne, P. A., Jimenez, J. L. y Goldstein, I. R. (1991). Behavior and biology of the Hawk-Headed Parrot, Deroptyus accipitrinus, in Southern Venezuela. Condor, 93, 177-180. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1368622
Waltman, J. R. y Beissinger, S. T. (1992). Breeding behavior of the Green-Rumped Parrotlet. Wilson Bulletin, 104, 65-84. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4163117
Wanker, R. (1990). Beiträge zur Ökologie und Sperlingspapageis (Forpus conspicillatus) Diplomarbeit (Tesis de grado). Universität Hamburg.
Wanker, R. (1999). Socialization in Spectacled Parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus): how juveniles compensate for the lack of siblings. Acta Ethological, 2, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012228
Wanker, R. y Fischer, J. (2001). Intra-and interindividual variation in the contact calls of Spectacled Parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus). Behaviour, 138, 709-726. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853901752233361
Wanker, R., Apcin, J., Jennerjahn, B. y Waibel, B. (1998). Discrimination of different socialcompanions in Spectacled Parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus): evidence for individual vocal recognition. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 43, 197-202. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4601505
Wanker, R., Cruz Bernate, L. y Franck, D. (1996). Socialization of Spectacled Parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus): The role of parents, creches and sibling groups in nature. Journal für Ornithologie, 137, 447-461. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01661101
