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Ochoa Orrego, L. E., Jiménez, L. F., & Palacio, J. (2015). Icthyoplankton in the Ayapel floodplain lake, San Jorge river (Colombia): spatial and time changes. Boletín Científico. Centro De Museos, 19(1), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2015.19.1.7
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Abstract
Ichthyoplankton surveys were conducted in eight sampling sites in Ayapel Floodplain Lake during a one hydrological periods. We used a conical net with a diameter of 35 cm opening with a flowmeter installed at the mouth of the net to obtain the volume of filtered water. The larvae were grouped according to their taxonomic order and development phase. We captured 1321 individuals grouped into 6 species and 27 morphotypes. The densities were between 0.29 and 576 individuals/m-3. Sampling sites near to the San Jorge River influence showed the highest densities. Silurifoms and Characiforms were the most important fish orders in the samples and their densities were associated with the physical factors such as rains, water level, the conductivity in the lake and the floods of the San Jorge River. The last factor was responsible for the flooding of lateral areas, which leads to increase nutrients and microhabitats that provide food and shelter for the development of individuals in the early periods of its ontogenic development.
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References
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ARAUJO-LIMA, C.A.R.M., 1994.- Egg size and larval development in Central Amazonian fish. J Fish Biol., 44: 371-389.
ARAUJO-LIMA, C.A.R.M., & OLIVEIRA, E.C., 1998.- Transport of larval fish in the Amazon. J Fish Biol, 53: 297-306.
ARAUJO-LIMA, C.A.R.M., SILVA, V.V. DA., PETRY, P., OLIVEIRA, E.C. & MOURA, S.M.L., 2001.- Diel variation of larval fish abundance in the Amazon and Rio Negro. Braz. J. Biol., 61 (3): 1519-698.
BALON, E.K., 1975.- Reproductive guilds of fishes: a proposal and a definition. J Fish Res Board Can., 32(6): 821-864.
________, 1985.- Early life histories of fishes: New development, evolutionary perspectives. Dr. W. Junk Publisher, Dordrecht.
BAUMGARTNER, G., NAKATANI, K., CAVICCHIOLI, M. & BAUMGARTNER, M.S.T., 1997.- Some aspects of the ecology of fish larva in the floodplain of high Paraná River, Brazil. Rev Bras Zool, 14:551-563.
BAUMGARTNER, G., NAKATANI, K., GOMES, L.C., BIALETZKI, A., SANCHES, P.V. & MAKRAKIS, M.C., 2004.- Identification of spawning sites and natural nurseries of fishes in the upper Paraná River. Brazil. Environ Biol Fish., 71: 115-125.
________., 2008.- Fish larvae from the upper Paraná River: do abiotic factors affect larval density? Neotrop Ichthyol., 6 (4): 551-558.
BIALETZKI, A., NAKATANI, K., SANCHES, P.V. & BAUMGARTNER, G., 2002.- Spatial and temporal distribution of larvae and juveniles of Hoplias aff. malabaricus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. Brazil. Braz. J. Biol., 62(2): 1519-6984.
________, 2004.- Eggs and larvae of the "curvina" Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) (Osteichthyes, Sciaenidae) in the Baía River, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. J Plankton Res., 26(2): 1327-1336.
BIALETZKI, A., SANCHES, P.V., CAVICCHIOLI, M., BAUMGARTNER, G., RIBEIRO, R.P. & NAKATANI, K., 1999.- Drift of ichthyoplankton in two channels of the Paraná River, between Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul States, Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 42: 53-60.
CAVICCHIOLI, M., 2000.- Mudanças ontogênicas na morfologia do trato digestório e na dieta, e na seletividade alimentar de larvas de peixes do reservatório de Itaipú - río Paraná, Brasil: Tesis de Doctorado, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brasil.
FUENTES, C.M. & ESPINACH ROS, A. 1998.- Variación de la actividad reproductiva del sábalo, Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1847), estimada por el flujo de larvas en el río Paraná inferior. Natura Neotropicalis, 29(1): 25-32.
GALLO, E.L., AHEARN, D., DAHLGREN, R.A. & GROSHOLZ, E., 2003.- River-floodplain Hydrologic Connectivity: Impact on Temporal and Spatial Floodplain Water Quality and Productivity Patterns. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting.
GONZÁLEZ, A.O., ROUX, J.P., HERNÁNDEZ, D.R. & SÁNCHEZ, S., 2010.- Variación espacio-temporal del ictioplancton en un tramo del río Paraná. Interciencia, 35(12).
HERGENRADER, G.L., HARROW, L.G., KING, R.G., CADA, G.F. & SCHLESINGER, A.B., 1982.- Larval fishes in the Missouri River and the effects of entrainment: 185-223 (in) HESSE, L.W., HERGENRADER, G.L., LEWIS, H.S., REETZ, S.D. & SCHLESINGER A.B. (eds.) The Middle Missouri River. The Missouri River Study Group, Missouri.
IGAC., 1986.- Estudio general de suelos de los municipios de Ayapel, Buenavista, Planeta Rica y Pueblo Nuevo (Departamento de Córdoba). Instituto Geográfico "Agustín Codazzi", Subdirección Agrológica, Bogotá.
JIMÉNEZ-SEGURA, L.F., 1998.- Aspectos diferenciales de las comunidades de peces en grandes ríos tropicales y sus lagunas marginales. Seminario de ecología de comunidades. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte (Brasil).
JIMÉNEZ-SEGURA, L.F., 2007.- Aspectos reproductivos de peces migradores en la cuenca del río Magdalena: Tesis, Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Medellín.
JUNK, W.J., BAYLEY, P.B. & SPARKS, R.E., 1989.- The Flood pulse concept in river floodplain systems. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.
KENDALL, A.W., AHLSTROM, E.H. & MOSER. H.G., 1984.- Early life history stages of fishes and their characters (in) MOSER, G., RICHARDS, W.J., COHEN, D.M., FAHAY, M.P., KENDALL, A.W. & RICHARDSON, S.L. (eds.) Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Amer. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpet. Spec. Publ, 1: 11-22.
KONDOLF, G.M., BOULTON, A.J., O'DANIEL, S., POOLE, G.C., RAHEL, F.J., STANLEY, E.H. et al., 2006.- Process-based ecological river restoration: visualizing three-dimensional connectivity y dynamic vectors to recover lost linkages. Ecol Soc1, 1(2): 5.
LEGENDRE, L. & DEMERS, S. 1984.- Towards Dynamics Biological Oceanography and Limnology. Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci, 41: 2-19.
LOWE-McCONNELL, R.H., 1987.- Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. Cambridge Tropical Biology Series. Cambridge Press, Cambridge.
LUCAS, M. & BARAS, E., 2001.- Migration of freshwater fishes. Blackwell Science, Nueva York.
MACKAS, D.L., DENMAN, K.L. & ABBOT, M.R., 1985.- Plankton patchiness: Biology in the physical vernacular. Bull. Mar. Sci., 37(2): 652-674.
MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE & INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES DE RECURSOS BIOLÓGICOS ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT., 1999.- Humedales Interiores de Colombia: Bases Técnicas para su Conservación y Uso Sostenible. Bogotá.
NAKATANI, K., AGOSTINHO. A.A., BAUMGARTNER, G., BIALETZKI, A., SANCHES, P.V., MAKRAKIS, M.C. & PAVANELLI, C.S., 2001.- Ovos e larvas de peixes de água doce: desenvolvimento e manual de identificação. Maringá, Eduem.
NAKATANI, K., BAUMGARTNER, G. & CAVICCHIOLI, M., 1997.- Ecologia de ovos e larvas de peixes: 201-306 (en) VAZZOLER, A.E.A. DE M., AGOSTINHO, A.A. & N. S. HAHN, N.S. (eds.) A planície de inundação do alto Rio Paraná: Aspectos físicos, biológicos e econômicos. Maringá, Eduem.
NAKATANI, K., LATINI, J.D., BAUMGARTNER, G. & BAUMGARTNER, M.S.T., 1993.- Distribuição espacial e temporal das larvas de curvina (Plagioscion squamosissimus Heckel, 1984) (Osteichthyes, Scianidae), no reservatório de Itaipú. Revista UNIMAR, 15: 1991-209.
NARANJO, A. & PONCE, L., 1999.- Libro Humedales Interiores de Colombia: Bases técnicas para su conservación y uso sostenible. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá.
NASCIMENTO, F.L. & NAKATANI, K., 2006.- Relações entre fatores ambientais e a distribuição de ovos e larvas de peixes na sub-bacia do rio Ivinhema, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Acta Sci., 28(2): 117-122.
OLDANI, N.O., 1990.- Variaciones de la abundancia de peces del valle del río Paraná. Rev D'Hydrobiologíe Trop, 23(1): 67-76.
OLDANI, N.O., IWASZKIW, J., PADÍN, O. & OTAEGUI, A., 1992.- Fluctuaciones de la abundancia de peces en el alto Paraná (Corrientes, Argentina). Actas del II Seminario El río Uruguay y sus recursos, 1(1): 43-53.
PAREJA-CARMONA, M.I., JIMÉNEZ-SEGURA, L.F. & OCHOA-ORREGO, L.E., 2014.- Variación espacio-temporal de las larvas de tres especies de peces migratorios en el cauce del río Magdalena (Colombia), durante el ciclo hidrológico 2006-2007. Actual Biol, 36: 33-38.
PAVLOV, D.S., 1994.- The downstream migration of young fishes in rivers: mechanisms and distribution. Folia Zool., 43: 193-208.
PETRY, P., BAYLEY. P.B. & MARKLE, D.F., 2003.- Relationships between fish assemblages, macrophytes and environmental gradients in the Amazon River floodplain. J Fish Biol, 63(3): 547-579.
RYNALTE-TATAJE, A., NAKATANI, K., FERNANDES, R., AGOSTINHO, A.A., BIALETZKI, A., 2011.- Temporal distribution of ichthyoplankton in the Ivinhema River (Mato Grosso do Sul State/Brazil): Influence of enviromental variables. Neotrop Icthyol 9(2): 427-436.
RESTREPO, C.A., 2005.- Aproximación a la dinámica del transporte del nitrógeno y el fósforo en la ciénaga de Ayapel: Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín.
RÍOS, M.I., 2006.- Variación espacio-temporal en la asociación de peces en el sistema cenagoso de Ayapel, Córdoba (Colombia) durante el ciclo hidrológico 2004-2005: Tesis, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
SALETE, V., GOGOLA, T.M., VANDERLEI, P., BAUMGARTHER, G., BAUMGARTNER, D., PIANA, P. et al., 2009.- Fish larvae assemblages in two floodplain lakes with different degrees of connection to the Paraná River, Brazil. Neotrop Ichthyol., 3: 429-438.
SANCHES, P.V., NAKATANI, K., BIALETZKI, A., BAUMGARTNER, G., GOMES, L.C. & ANTONIASSI, E., 2006.- Flow regulation by dams affecting ichthyoplankton: the case of the Porto Primavera Dam, Paraná River, Brazil. River Res Appl., 22: 555-565.
SEVERI, W., 1997.- Ecologia do ictioplâncton no pantanal de Barão de Melgaço, bacia do rio Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil: Tesis, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos.
SHAPIRO, D.Y., HENSLEY, D.A. & APPELDOORN, R.S., 1988.- Pelagic spawning and egg transport in coral reef fishes: a skeptical overview. Environ Biol Fish., 22(1): 3-14.
VAZZOLER, A.E.A.M., 1996.- Biologia da reprodução de peixes teleósteos: teoria e prática. Editorial de la Universidad Estadual de Maringá, Maringá.
WALKER, H.J. JR, WATSON, W. & BARNETT, A.M., 1987.- Seasonal occurrence of larval fishes in the nearshore southern California Bight off San Onofre, California. Est Coast Shelf Sci, 25: 91-10.
WELCOMME, R.L., 1979.- Fishery management in large rivers. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 194. Roma, Italia.
________, 1985.- River fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 262. Roma, Italia.
WINEMILLER, K.O., 1998.- Floodplain river food webs: Generalizations and implications for fisheries management. University Texas A&M, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences.
ARAUJO-LIMA, C.A.R.M., 1994.- Egg size and larval development in Central Amazonian fish. J Fish Biol., 44: 371-389.
ARAUJO-LIMA, C.A.R.M., & OLIVEIRA, E.C., 1998.- Transport of larval fish in the Amazon. J Fish Biol, 53: 297-306.
ARAUJO-LIMA, C.A.R.M., SILVA, V.V. DA., PETRY, P., OLIVEIRA, E.C. & MOURA, S.M.L., 2001.- Diel variation of larval fish abundance in the Amazon and Rio Negro. Braz. J. Biol., 61 (3): 1519-698.
BALON, E.K., 1975.- Reproductive guilds of fishes: a proposal and a definition. J Fish Res Board Can., 32(6): 821-864.
________, 1985.- Early life histories of fishes: New development, evolutionary perspectives. Dr. W. Junk Publisher, Dordrecht.
BAUMGARTNER, G., NAKATANI, K., CAVICCHIOLI, M. & BAUMGARTNER, M.S.T., 1997.- Some aspects of the ecology of fish larva in the floodplain of high Paraná River, Brazil. Rev Bras Zool, 14:551-563.
BAUMGARTNER, G., NAKATANI, K., GOMES, L.C., BIALETZKI, A., SANCHES, P.V. & MAKRAKIS, M.C., 2004.- Identification of spawning sites and natural nurseries of fishes in the upper Paraná River. Brazil. Environ Biol Fish., 71: 115-125.
________., 2008.- Fish larvae from the upper Paraná River: do abiotic factors affect larval density? Neotrop Ichthyol., 6 (4): 551-558.
BIALETZKI, A., NAKATANI, K., SANCHES, P.V. & BAUMGARTNER, G., 2002.- Spatial and temporal distribution of larvae and juveniles of Hoplias aff. malabaricus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. Brazil. Braz. J. Biol., 62(2): 1519-6984.
________, 2004.- Eggs and larvae of the "curvina" Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) (Osteichthyes, Sciaenidae) in the Baía River, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. J Plankton Res., 26(2): 1327-1336.
BIALETZKI, A., SANCHES, P.V., CAVICCHIOLI, M., BAUMGARTNER, G., RIBEIRO, R.P. & NAKATANI, K., 1999.- Drift of ichthyoplankton in two channels of the Paraná River, between Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul States, Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 42: 53-60.
CAVICCHIOLI, M., 2000.- Mudanças ontogênicas na morfologia do trato digestório e na dieta, e na seletividade alimentar de larvas de peixes do reservatório de Itaipú - río Paraná, Brasil: Tesis de Doctorado, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brasil.
FUENTES, C.M. & ESPINACH ROS, A. 1998.- Variación de la actividad reproductiva del sábalo, Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1847), estimada por el flujo de larvas en el río Paraná inferior. Natura Neotropicalis, 29(1): 25-32.
GALLO, E.L., AHEARN, D., DAHLGREN, R.A. & GROSHOLZ, E., 2003.- River-floodplain Hydrologic Connectivity: Impact on Temporal and Spatial Floodplain Water Quality and Productivity Patterns. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting.
GONZÁLEZ, A.O., ROUX, J.P., HERNÁNDEZ, D.R. & SÁNCHEZ, S., 2010.- Variación espacio-temporal del ictioplancton en un tramo del río Paraná. Interciencia, 35(12).
HERGENRADER, G.L., HARROW, L.G., KING, R.G., CADA, G.F. & SCHLESINGER, A.B., 1982.- Larval fishes in the Missouri River and the effects of entrainment: 185-223 (in) HESSE, L.W., HERGENRADER, G.L., LEWIS, H.S., REETZ, S.D. & SCHLESINGER A.B. (eds.) The Middle Missouri River. The Missouri River Study Group, Missouri.
IGAC., 1986.- Estudio general de suelos de los municipios de Ayapel, Buenavista, Planeta Rica y Pueblo Nuevo (Departamento de Córdoba). Instituto Geográfico "Agustín Codazzi", Subdirección Agrológica, Bogotá.
JIMÉNEZ-SEGURA, L.F., 1998.- Aspectos diferenciales de las comunidades de peces en grandes ríos tropicales y sus lagunas marginales. Seminario de ecología de comunidades. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte (Brasil).
JIMÉNEZ-SEGURA, L.F., 2007.- Aspectos reproductivos de peces migradores en la cuenca del río Magdalena: Tesis, Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Medellín.
JUNK, W.J., BAYLEY, P.B. & SPARKS, R.E., 1989.- The Flood pulse concept in river floodplain systems. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.
KENDALL, A.W., AHLSTROM, E.H. & MOSER. H.G., 1984.- Early life history stages of fishes and their characters (in) MOSER, G., RICHARDS, W.J., COHEN, D.M., FAHAY, M.P., KENDALL, A.W. & RICHARDSON, S.L. (eds.) Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Amer. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpet. Spec. Publ, 1: 11-22.
KONDOLF, G.M., BOULTON, A.J., O'DANIEL, S., POOLE, G.C., RAHEL, F.J., STANLEY, E.H. et al., 2006.- Process-based ecological river restoration: visualizing three-dimensional connectivity y dynamic vectors to recover lost linkages. Ecol Soc1, 1(2): 5.
LEGENDRE, L. & DEMERS, S. 1984.- Towards Dynamics Biological Oceanography and Limnology. Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci, 41: 2-19.
LOWE-McCONNELL, R.H., 1987.- Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. Cambridge Tropical Biology Series. Cambridge Press, Cambridge.
LUCAS, M. & BARAS, E., 2001.- Migration of freshwater fishes. Blackwell Science, Nueva York.
MACKAS, D.L., DENMAN, K.L. & ABBOT, M.R., 1985.- Plankton patchiness: Biology in the physical vernacular. Bull. Mar. Sci., 37(2): 652-674.
MINISTERIO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE & INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES DE RECURSOS BIOLÓGICOS ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT., 1999.- Humedales Interiores de Colombia: Bases Técnicas para su Conservación y Uso Sostenible. Bogotá.
NAKATANI, K., AGOSTINHO. A.A., BAUMGARTNER, G., BIALETZKI, A., SANCHES, P.V., MAKRAKIS, M.C. & PAVANELLI, C.S., 2001.- Ovos e larvas de peixes de água doce: desenvolvimento e manual de identificação. Maringá, Eduem.
NAKATANI, K., BAUMGARTNER, G. & CAVICCHIOLI, M., 1997.- Ecologia de ovos e larvas de peixes: 201-306 (en) VAZZOLER, A.E.A. DE M., AGOSTINHO, A.A. & N. S. HAHN, N.S. (eds.) A planície de inundação do alto Rio Paraná: Aspectos físicos, biológicos e econômicos. Maringá, Eduem.
NAKATANI, K., LATINI, J.D., BAUMGARTNER, G. & BAUMGARTNER, M.S.T., 1993.- Distribuição espacial e temporal das larvas de curvina (Plagioscion squamosissimus Heckel, 1984) (Osteichthyes, Scianidae), no reservatório de Itaipú. Revista UNIMAR, 15: 1991-209.
NARANJO, A. & PONCE, L., 1999.- Libro Humedales Interiores de Colombia: Bases técnicas para su conservación y uso sostenible. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá.
NASCIMENTO, F.L. & NAKATANI, K., 2006.- Relações entre fatores ambientais e a distribuição de ovos e larvas de peixes na sub-bacia do rio Ivinhema, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Acta Sci., 28(2): 117-122.
OLDANI, N.O., 1990.- Variaciones de la abundancia de peces del valle del río Paraná. Rev D'Hydrobiologíe Trop, 23(1): 67-76.
OLDANI, N.O., IWASZKIW, J., PADÍN, O. & OTAEGUI, A., 1992.- Fluctuaciones de la abundancia de peces en el alto Paraná (Corrientes, Argentina). Actas del II Seminario El río Uruguay y sus recursos, 1(1): 43-53.
PAREJA-CARMONA, M.I., JIMÉNEZ-SEGURA, L.F. & OCHOA-ORREGO, L.E., 2014.- Variación espacio-temporal de las larvas de tres especies de peces migratorios en el cauce del río Magdalena (Colombia), durante el ciclo hidrológico 2006-2007. Actual Biol, 36: 33-38.
PAVLOV, D.S., 1994.- The downstream migration of young fishes in rivers: mechanisms and distribution. Folia Zool., 43: 193-208.
PETRY, P., BAYLEY. P.B. & MARKLE, D.F., 2003.- Relationships between fish assemblages, macrophytes and environmental gradients in the Amazon River floodplain. J Fish Biol, 63(3): 547-579.
RYNALTE-TATAJE, A., NAKATANI, K., FERNANDES, R., AGOSTINHO, A.A., BIALETZKI, A., 2011.- Temporal distribution of ichthyoplankton in the Ivinhema River (Mato Grosso do Sul State/Brazil): Influence of enviromental variables. Neotrop Icthyol 9(2): 427-436.
RESTREPO, C.A., 2005.- Aproximación a la dinámica del transporte del nitrógeno y el fósforo en la ciénaga de Ayapel: Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín.
RÍOS, M.I., 2006.- Variación espacio-temporal en la asociación de peces en el sistema cenagoso de Ayapel, Córdoba (Colombia) durante el ciclo hidrológico 2004-2005: Tesis, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
SALETE, V., GOGOLA, T.M., VANDERLEI, P., BAUMGARTHER, G., BAUMGARTNER, D., PIANA, P. et al., 2009.- Fish larvae assemblages in two floodplain lakes with different degrees of connection to the Paraná River, Brazil. Neotrop Ichthyol., 3: 429-438.
SANCHES, P.V., NAKATANI, K., BIALETZKI, A., BAUMGARTNER, G., GOMES, L.C. & ANTONIASSI, E., 2006.- Flow regulation by dams affecting ichthyoplankton: the case of the Porto Primavera Dam, Paraná River, Brazil. River Res Appl., 22: 555-565.
SEVERI, W., 1997.- Ecologia do ictioplâncton no pantanal de Barão de Melgaço, bacia do rio Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil: Tesis, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos.
SHAPIRO, D.Y., HENSLEY, D.A. & APPELDOORN, R.S., 1988.- Pelagic spawning and egg transport in coral reef fishes: a skeptical overview. Environ Biol Fish., 22(1): 3-14.
VAZZOLER, A.E.A.M., 1996.- Biologia da reprodução de peixes teleósteos: teoria e prática. Editorial de la Universidad Estadual de Maringá, Maringá.
WALKER, H.J. JR, WATSON, W. & BARNETT, A.M., 1987.- Seasonal occurrence of larval fishes in the nearshore southern California Bight off San Onofre, California. Est Coast Shelf Sci, 25: 91-10.
WELCOMME, R.L., 1979.- Fishery management in large rivers. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 194. Roma, Italia.
________, 1985.- River fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 262. Roma, Italia.
WINEMILLER, K.O., 1998.- Floodplain river food webs: Generalizations and implications for fisheries management. University Texas A&M, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences.
