Evolución de la calidad de agua en un sistema hídrico del norte de Boyacá utilizando el índice BMWP/Col

Resumen

This study characterizes the water conditions in different sectors of the Comeza River in the municipality of Socotá, located in the northern part of the Boyacá Department, in order to estimate the quality and analyze possible changes associated with the socioeconomic activities present in its ecosystem. Aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected, and the BMWP/Col index was used to identify the evolution of water quality during the dry period (March) and the wet period (October) in the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. A total of 27 groups of macroinvertebrate families were recorded across all study periods, with the highest abundance observed in Leptophlebiidae, followed by Perlidae and Baetidae. The BMWP/Col index indicates that, on average, the river has water of class II quality (Acceptable), meaning slightly contaminated water mainly in P2 and P3. Of particular concern was the analysis of field data during the post-pandemic period (2021), where it was noted that P2 is in a critical state regarding water quality; this area is adjacent to the urban perimeter. The development of this type of research in high mountain water systems will allow for measures to be taken for the sustainable management of watercourses, as well as the mitigation of pollution in them. The identification and elimination of possible point sources of contamination, the use of good agro-environmental practices, and the restoration of riverbanks along the Comeza River may be essential for improving the ecological status of this river system.

Palabras clave:

Water quality evolution

Benthic macroinvertebrates

Evolución calidad de agua

Macroinvertebrados bentónicos

Citas

Agudelo-Calderón, C. A., García-Ubaqie, J. C., Robledo-Martínez, R., García-Ubaque, C. A., & Quiroz-Arcentales, L. (2016).Evaluation of environmental conditions: air, water and soil in areas of mining activity in Boyacá, Colombia. Revista de Salud Pública, 18(1), 50-60. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v18n1.55384

Andrade, D. P., Paschoal, L. R., Sá, O. R., & França, N. (2012). Water quality assessment of fifth-order tributaries of the reservoir at the Marechal Mascarenhas de Morais Hydroelectric Power Station in the Rio Grande watershed (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil). Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 24(3), 326-337. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2013005000002

Arimoro, F. O., & Keke, U. N. (2021). Stream biodiversity and monitoring in North Central, Nigeria: The use of macroinvertebrate indicator species as surrogates. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(24), 31003-31012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12922-w

Cárdenas-Castro, E., Lugo-Vargas, L., González-Acosta, J. E., & Tenjo-Morales, A. I. (2018). Application of the family biotic index of macroinvertebrates for water characterization of the Teusaca River, tributary of the Bogotá River. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 21(2), 587-597. https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v21.n2.2018.1004

Domínguez, E., & Fernández, H. R. (2009). South American benthic acroinvertebrates. Systematics and biology. Fundación Miguel Lillo (Vol. 4). Fundación Miguel Lillo. https://www.lillo.org.ar/editorial/index.php/publicaciones/catalog/book/125

Edegbene, A. O., Odume, O. N., Arimoro, F. O., & Keke, U. N. (2021). Identifying and classifying macroinvertebrate indicator signature traits and ecological preferences along urban pollution gradient in the Niger Delta. Environmental Pollution, 281(1), 117076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117076

Fierro, P., Bertrán, C., Mercado, M., Peña-Cortés, F., Tapia, J., Hauenstein, E., & Vargas-Chacoff, L. (2012). Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages as indicators of water quality applying a modified biotic index in a spatio-seasonal context in a coastal basin of Southern Chile. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 47(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-19572012000100003

Forero, L. C., Longo, M., Ramírez-R., J. J., & Chalar, G. (2014). Aquatic Ecological Index based on freshwater (ICERN-MAE) for the Río Negro watershed, Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical, 62(2), 233-247.

García-Alzate, C. A., Villegas-Acosta, P. A., & Román-Valencia, C. (2017). Physical chemical and biological analysis of rio Santo Domingo, río Verde tributary, la vieja river basin, alto Cauca, Colombia. Boletín Científico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural, 21(1), 31-51. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2017.21.1.3

Gargiulo, J. R., Mercante, C. T. J., Brandimarte, A. L., & Menezes, L. C. (2016). Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in Billings Reservoir fishing sites (SP, Brazil). Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 28(17), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2315

Heckman, C. W. (2006). Encyclopedia of the aquatic insects of South America: Odonata - Anisoptera, Original text: Illustrated keys to known families, genera and species in South America (Kindle Edition). Springer Países Bajos.

Horton, R. E. (1945). Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. GSA Bulletin, 56(3), 275-370. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[275:EDOSAT]2.0.CO;2

Machado, V., Granda, R., & Endara, A. (2018). Analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates and biotic indices to evaluate water quality in Sardina´s River, Ecuadorian Chocó Andino. Enfoque UTE, 9(4), 154-167. https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v9n4.369

Manzo, V. (2005). Key to the South America genera of Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) with distributional data. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 40(3), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520500140619

Méndez-Rojas, D., López-García, M., & García-Cárdenas, R. (2012). Diversity of rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in restored high-Andean forests from the Colombian Central Andes. Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 38(1), 141-147.

Miguélez, D., Mazé, R. A., Ansola, G., & Valladares, L. F. (2013). Aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera assemblages of a Cantabrian coastal stream (North Spain): composition, seasonal variation and environmental factors. Limnética, 32(1), 47-60.

Murillo-Montoya, S. A., Restrepo-Bastidas, E. S., Mendoza, A. M., Fadul-Vázquez, C. J., Calderón-García, X. F., & Rodríguez, M. A. (2018). Macro-invertebrates Associated with Eichhornia crassipes Roots (Pontederiaceae) in the Ciénaga de Palagua (Colombia). Ambiente y Desarrollo, 22(43), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.ayd22-43.mare

Navia, S. L. Á. de, Estupiñán-Torres, S. M., & González, L. D. (2016). Bacteriological water quality Vereda El Charco, San Miguel de Sema, Boyacá, Colombia. NOVA, 14(25), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.1744

Pascual, G., Iannacone, J., & Alvariño, L. (2019). Benthic macroinvertebrates and toxicological tests for assessing water andsediment quality of the Rimac river, Lima, Perú. Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú, 30(4), 1421-1442. https://doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v30i4.17164

Pérez, J. H., Martínez-Romero, L. C., Castellanos-Guerrero, L. T., Mora-Parada, A. R., & Rocha, Z. E. G. (2020). Macroinvertebrate bioindicators of water quality in artificial hydrological systems in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. Producción + Limpia, 15(1), 35-48. https://doi.org/10.22507/pml.v15n1a3

Pérez, J. H., Rocha-Gil, Z. E., Cifuentes-Osorio, G. R., Pérez-Rubiano, C. C., & Parrales-Ramírez, D. A. (2023). Physicochemical and Biological Structure as Indicators of the Environmental Quality of Surface Water Streams. Boletín Científico Centro de Museos Museo de Historia Natural, 27(1), 55-70. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2023.27.1.3

Pérez, J. H., Rocha-Gil, Z. E., Pérez-Rubiano, C. C., & Bernal-Figueroa, A. A. (2021). Biological quality in an aquatic system influenced bymining and agricultural activities: river Salitre, Boyacá (Colombia). Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 24(3), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.3387

Posada, E., Mojica, D., Pino, N., Bustamante, C., & Pineda, A. M. (2013). Establishment of environmental quality indices of rivers according to the behavior of dissolved oxygen and temperature. Applied to the Medellín river, in the Valley of Aburra in Colombia. DYNA, 80(181), 192-200.

Posada-García, J. A., & Roldán-Pérez, G. (2003). Illustrated key for the larvae of Trichoptera in the northwest of Colombia. Caldasia, 25(1), 169-192.

Quesada-Alvarado, F., & Solano-Ulate, D. (2020). Aquatic macroinvertebrate colonization on three artificial substrates, in a tropical river. Revista de Biología Tropical, 68(S2), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68iS2.44339

Quispe, A. H., & Araujo, A. A. H. (2018). Composition and structure of water beetle’s community (Insecta: Coleoptera) along an altitudinal gradient, Cusco, Perú. Revista Peruana de Biología, 25(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v25i1.13818

Ríos-Tobón, S., Agudelo-Cadavid, R., & Gutiérrez-Builes, L. A. (2017). Pathogens and microbiological indicators of the quality of water for human consumption. Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, 35(2), 236-247. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v35n2a08

Rivera-Gutiérrez, J. V. (2016). Determination of oxidation rates, nitrification and sedimentation in the process of self-purification of a mountain river. Ingeniare. Revista chilena de ingeniería, 24(2), 314-326. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33052016000200013

Rocha, Z. E. G., Ramírez, E. S., & Rodríguez, L. Á. C. (2017). Ecological restoration influence on the physicochemical and biological the water quality, the case quebrada La Colorada. Cuaderno Activa, 9(1), 77-91.

Rocha, Z. E. G., Rodríguez, L. Á. C., Rodríguez, J. L. V., & Soler, X. D. (2015). Bioindicators of water quality in areas with ecological restoration of the quebrada La Colorada, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá. I3+, 2(2), 10-27. https://doi.org/10.24267/23462329.108

Rodríguez, J. F. R., Agudelo, G. A. P., & Álvarez, L. I. M. (2021). Structure of the aquatic Diptera community in the upper basins of the Fucha and Bogotá rivers. Acta Biológica Colombiana, 26(2), 147-159. https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v26n2.81916

Roldán-Pérez, G. (1996). Guide for the study of aquatic macroinvertebrates in the department of Antioquia. Fondo Fen Colombia.

Roldán-Pérez, G. (1999). Macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality: four decades of development in Colombia and Latin America. Revista de La Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, 23(88), 375-387.

Roldán-Pérez, G. (2003). Bioindication of water quality in Colombia: Proposal for the use of the BMWP/Col method. Editorial Universidad de Antioquia.

Serna-Macías, D. J., Eslava-Eljaiek, P., & Tamaris-Turizo, C. E. (2019). Characterization of a temporary pond of the north of Colombia and biological and ecological aspects of Dendrocephalus affinis. Revista Peruana de Biología, 26(3), 361-368. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v26i3.15719

Terneus, E., Hernández, K., & Racines, M. J. (2012). Ecological evaluation of the Lliquino River through aquatic macroinvertebrates, Pastaza-Ecuador. Revista de Ciencias, 16, 31-45.

Vargas, J. D., Lizarazo, L. M., Valdivieso, M., & García, D. (2019). Quantitative microbiological risks assessment associated with the consumption of water of Chicamocha river in Boavita-Boyacá. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 22(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v22.n1.2019.1187

Vega-Sagarra, X. (2020). Different solutions for the delimitation and coding of surface basins. Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, 41(2), 75-84.

Vyas, V., Hassan, M., Vindhani, S., Parmar, H., & Bhalani, V. (2015). Physicochemical and Microbiological Assessment of Drinking Water from Different Sources in Junagadh City, India. American Journal of Microbiological Research, 3(4), 148-154. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-3-4-5

Walteros-Rodríguez, J. M., Castaño Rojas, J. M., & Marulanda-Gómez, J. H. (2016). Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages and ecological state of Dali sub-basin, Risaralda State, Colombia. Hidrobiológica, 26(3), 359-371.

Zuñiga, O., Cobas, G., Rivera, J., & Hernández, K. (2016). Assessment of Murky Water and its Conductivity During Dry and Rainy Seasons in Combeima River (Ibague, Colombia). Ingeniería solidaria, 12(1), 19-36. https://doi.org/10.16925/in.v12i19.1191