Dietas para leitões recém-desmamados contendo proteína láctea e zinco suplementar nas duas primeiras semanas pós-desmane

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Sixty 21-day old weaned pigs with initial live weight of 5.81±0 .54 kg were used in order to evaluate the presence of milk protein (MP) or supplemental zinc (SZ) in their diet on their performance in the first two weeks after weaning and its effects on the next growth phase. The experiment lasted 28 days, using a complete randomized block design in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (MP and SZ) during the first two weeks after weaning: T1 = basal diet (BD) without MP and SZ (2000ppm of zinc - ZnO + 250ppm of zinc – Zn-amino acids); T2 = BD without MP and with SZ; T3 = BD with MP and without SZ; T4 = BD with MP and with SZ. After this period, the pigs received a standard diet (14 to 28 days). For the 1 to 14-day period, the MP decreased the daily average feed intake ADFI. For the 14 to 28-day and 1 to 28-day periods, the SZ increased body weight at 28 days (BW28). Thus, the MP intake brings performance improvement for piglets during the 1-14 day period of experimentation, while the SZ provides higher body weight for the first and second growth phases.

Keywords

performance

milk products

swine

organic zinc

weaning

References

Berto, D.A.; Kronka, R.N.; Thomaz, M.C. et al. Efeito do período de fornecimento de ração semi-complexa na fase inicial, sobre o ganho de peso compensatório nas fases de crescimento e terminação. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v. 24, p.671-682, 1996.

Bertol, T. M. Aleitamento dos leitões na creche de acordo com a idade de desmame. Instrução técnica para o suinocultor, Concórdia. EMBRAPA, 1999. 2p.

Burrin, D.G.; Fiorotto, M.L.; Hadsell, D.L. Transgenic Hypersecretion of des(1–3) Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in Mouse Milk Has Limited Effects on the Gastrointestinal Tract in Suckling Pups. Journal of Nutrition, v.129, p. 51-56, 1999.

Carlson, M.S.; Boren, C.A.; WU, C. et al. Evaluation of various inclusion rates of organic zinc either as polysaccharide or proteinate complex on the growth performance, plasma and excretion of nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science, v.82, p.1359-1366, 2004.

Carvalho, L.E.; Kronka, R.N.; Thomaz, M.C. et al. Desempenho de leitões com alto peso à desmama recebendo na fase inicial diferentes níveis protéicos e tipos de dietas. Archivos Latinoamericano de Producción Animal, v.7, p.85-96, 1999.

Donovan, S.M.; Odle, J. Growth factors in milk as mediators of infant development. Annual Review of Nutrition, v.14, p.147-167, 1994.

Donzele, J. L.; Abreu, M.L.T.; Hannas, M.I. Recentes avanços na nutrição de leitões. In: Simpósio Sobre manejo e Nutrição de Aves e Suínos e Tecnologia da Produção de Rações, 2002, Campinas. Anais... Campinas: CBNA, 2002. p. 103 – 162.

Dybkjaer, L.; Jacobsen, A.P.; Togersen, F.A. et al. Eating and drinking activity of newly weaned piglets: Effects of individual characteristics, social mixing, and addition of extra zinc to the feed. Journal of Animal Science, v.84 p.702- 711, 2006.

Ebert, A.R.; Berman, A.S.; Harrell, R.J. et al. Vegetable Proteins Enhance the Growth of Milk-Fed Piglets, Despite Lower Apparent Ileal Digestibility. Journal of Nutrition, v.135, p.2137-2143, 2005. Etheridge, R.D; Seerley, R.W.; Wyatt, R.D. The effects of diet on performance digestibility, blood composition and intestinal microflora of weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science, v.58, p.1396- 1402, 1984.

Hill, G.M. Growth promotion effects and plasma changes from feeding high dietary concentrations of zinc and copper to weaning pigs (regional study). Journal of Animal Science, v.78, p.1010- 1016, 2000.

Hollis, G.R.; Carter, S.D.; Cline, T.R. et al. Effects of replacing pharmacological levels of dietary zinc oxide with lower dietary levels of various organic zinc sources for weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science, v.83, p.2123-2129, 2005.

Lönnerdal, B. Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption. Journal of Nutrition, v.130, p.1378S- 1383S, 2000.

Mahan, D.C.; Newton, E.A. Evaluation of feed grains with dried skim milk and added carbohydrate sources on weanling pig performance. Journal of Animal Science, v.71, p.3376-3382, 1993.

Park, J.H.Y.; McCusker, R.H.; Vanderhoof, J. A. et al. Secretion of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and IGF-binding protein-2 by intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells: implication for autocrine growth regulation. Endocrinology, v.131, p.1359-1368, 1992.

Revy, P.S.; Jondreville, C.; Dourmada, J.Y. et al. Effect of zinc supplemented as either an organic or an inorganic source and of microbial phytase on zinc and other minerals utilisation by weanling pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.116, p.93-112, 2004.

Rostagno, H.S. Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos: composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais. 2.ed. Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Zootecnia, 2005. 186p.

Statistical Analysis System - SAS. SAS user’s Guide: Statistics. Cary, 2001, 155p.

Schell, T.C.; Kornegay, E.T. Zinc concentrations in tissues and performance of weanling pigs fed pharmacological levels of zinc from ZnO, Zn- Met, Zn-Lys, or ZnSO4. Journal of Animal Science, v.74, p.1584-1593, 1996.

Trindade Neto, M.A.; Barbosa, H.P.; De Sordi, I.M.P. et al. Dietas contendo milho pré-gelatinizado e níveis protéicos para leitões desmamados aos 19 dias de idade. In: Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, 36, 1999, Porto Alegre. Anais... Porto Alegre: SBZ, 1999. CD ROM.

Trindade Neto, M.A.; Barbosa, H.P.; Petelincar, I.M. Schammass, E.A.A. Dietas para leitões nas fases de creche e diferentes idades ao desmame. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.31, p.687-695, 2002.

Ward, T.L; Asche, G.L.; Louis, G.F. Zinc methionine improves growth performance of starter pigs. Journal of Animal Science, v.74 (Suppl.1), p.182 (Abstract), 1996.
Xu, R.J.; Wang, F.; Zhang, S.H. Postnatal adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal pigs: a possible role of milk-born growth factors. Livestock Production Science, v.66, p.95-107, 2000.