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Fecha Publicación: 2008-12-19
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Baquero-Parrado, J. R. . (2008). Diarrea neonatal indiferenciada en terneros: consideraciones sobre su prevención en campo. Revista Veterinaria Y Zootecnia (On Line), 2(2), 59–68. Recuperado a partir de https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/vetzootec/article/view/5741
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RESUMEN: En los terneros neonatos la diarrea es el mayor problema de salud asociado con deshidratación y pérdida de peso. La severidad de la diarrea podría depender de los agentes causales, los cuales incluyen muchos enteropatógenos (bacterias, virus, protozoarios). Su tratamiento básicamente consiste en la administración de fluidos, terapia antibiótica, protectores intestinales y antiinflamatorios no esteroidales en la mayoría de los casos. La implementación de mejores prácticas de manejo, tales como el mantenimiento de una cama seca y limpia, protocolos de vacunación estratégica, monitoreo permanente del establo de maternidad, pronto acceso de calostro a terneros neonatos, identificación de terneros susceptibles y la separación de animales enfermos de los saludables, podría ser útil en la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas, pues la mayoría de los enteropatógenos sobrevive por largos períodos de tiempo en el ambiente. Pruebas diagnósticas pueden ser usadas para identificar los factores de riesgo de enfermedad, evidencia de enfermedad o infección a un individuo o a un grupo de individuos. Recientemente, el progreso en el desarrollo y uso de vacunas ha mejorado la posibilidad de protección fetal contra muchos patógenos, reduciendo enormemente el riesgo de enfermedad. Cuando la enfermedad es diagnosticada en animales de granja, con una posibilidad de patógenos zoonóticos potenciales, los encargados del hato deben ser alertados para que puedan ser tomadas medidas preventivas. Esta responsabilidad incluye minimizar el riesgo de exposición de los terneros a agentes infecciosos.
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Fluckey, W.M.; Loneragan, W.G.; Warner, R. et al. Antimicrobial drug resistance of Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from cattle feces, hides, and carcasses. Journal of Food Protection, v.70, n.3, p.551-556, 2007.
Fossler, C.P.; Wells, S.J.; Kaneene, J.B. et al. Prevalence of Salmonella spp on conventional and organic dairy farms. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.225, n.4 , p.567-573, 2004.
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Fox, B.C.; Roof, M.B.; Carter, D.P. et al. Safety and efficacy of an avirulent live Salmonella choleraesuis vaccine for protection of calves against S dublin infection. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.58, n.3, p.265-271, 1997.
Geurden, T.; Claerebout, E.; Vercruysse, J. Protozoan infection causes diarrhea in calves. Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde, v.130, n.123, p.734-737, 2005.
Godden, S. Colostrum management for dairy calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice, v.24, n.1, 19-39, 2008.
Goff, J.P. Major Advances in Our Understanding of Nutritional Influences on Bovine Health. Journal of Dairy Science, v.89, n.4, p.1292–1301, 2006.
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Holloway, N.M.; Tyler, J.W.; Lakritz, J. et al. Serum immunoglobulin G concentrations in calves fed fresh and frozen colostrum. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.219, n.3, p.357-359, 2001.
Huetink, R.E.; Van Der Giessen, J.W.; Noordhuizen, J.P. et al. Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis on a dairy farm. Veterinary Parasitology, v.102, n.1-2, p.53-67, 2001.
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Jones, P.W.; Collins, P.; Aitkin, M.M. Passive protection of calves against experimental infection with Salmonella typhimurium. Veterinary Record, v.123, n.21, p.536-541, 1988.
Khachatryan, A.R.; Hancock, D.D.; Besser, T.E. et al. Role of calf-adapted Escherichia coli in maintenance of antimicrobial drug resistance in dairy calves. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v.70, n.2, p.752-757, 2004.
Kohara, J.; Hirai, T.; Mori, K. et al. Enhancement of passive immunity with maternal vaccine against newborn calf diarrhea. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Sciences, v.59, n.11, p.1023- 1025, 1997.
Lacetera, N.; Bernabucci, U,; Ronchi, B. et al. Effects of selenium and vitamin E administration during a late stage of pregnancy on colostrum and milk production in dairy cows, and on passive immunity and growth of their offspring. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.57, n.12, 1776-1780, 1996.
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Lee, S.H.; Jaekal, J.; Bae, C.S. et al. Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Single Radial Immunodiffusion, and Indirect Methods for the Detection of Failure of Transfer of Passive Immunity in Dairy Calves. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, v.22, n.1, p.212–218, 2008.
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