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Fecha Publicación: 2014-12-19
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Osorio Carmona, E., & de Faria Rezende, C. M. (2014). Osteoartritits: aspectos clínicos y nuevas perspectivas terapéuticas basadas en la terapia regenerativa. Revista Veterinaria Y Zootecnia (On Line), 8(2), 49–71. Recuperado a partir de https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/vetzootec/article/view/4168
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Resumen: Las enfermedades articulares en animales de pequeño porte representan un alto porcentaje en la rutina de los hospitales veterinarios. La alta frecuencia de lesiones articulares derivadas de diferentes factores (fracturas intraarticulares, ruptura de ligamentos, enfermedades predisponentes, entre otras) exige terapias más efectivas. El objetivo del tratamiento de las enfermedades articulares después de la corrección de las causas primarias es disminuir el dolor y retardar el avance de la osteoartritis. El equilibrio en el metabolismo del cartílago es de vital importancia para el mantenimiento de la integridad de la matriz extracelular y de las otras estructuras que forman el cartílago. El desequilibrio entre las citocinas y los factores de crecimiento puede llevar a alteraciones irreversibles e incapacitantes en la superficie articular de las principales articulaciones. La osteoartritis se caracteriza por la alteración de la estructura del cartílago articular, disminución de los movimientos articulares acompañado de crepitación, formación de osteófitos, claudicación, dolor y pérdida de la función. Los tratamientos disponibles en la actualidad incluyen los conservativos y quirúrgicos que tratan de estabilizar las articulaciones y aliviar el dolor, pero no prevenir la progresión de la enfermedad articular degenerativa. El plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) es una sustancia autóloga obtenida a partir de la sangre total sometida a procesos de centrifugación y activación que han mostrado potencial terapéutico en el tratamiento de algunas enfermedades y en diversas áreas de la medicina humana y veterinaria. El objetivo de esta presentación bibliográfica es revisar los principales aspectos de la osteoartritis, el papel de las citocinas en el desarrollo de esta, las características del plasma rico en plaquetas, procesos de obtención y su uso como nueva alternativa terapéutica en las principales lesiones articulares que afectan a los animales domésticos.
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