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Cuevas Ramos, G. ., Arguelles, D. ., Vidal, L., & Prades, M. . (2019). Desarrollo de un protocolo estandarizado y repetible para obtener plasma altamente concentrado rico en plaquetas en caballos. Revista Veterinaria Y Zootecnia (On Line), 13(2), 52–62. https://doi.org/10.17151/vetzo.2019.13.2.5
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Introducción: el plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) es un producto autólogo derivado de la sangre con varias aplicaciones terapéuticas. Se ha demostrado que los factores de crecimiento plaquetario estimulan la curación y reducen el dolor. Su uso en la industria equina, particularmente para problemas ortopédicos como la osteoartritis o la tendinitis ha ido en aumento. Sin embargo, el PRP carece de reproducibilidad y a veces, de calidad, ya que no solo los factores individuales (raza, edad, sexo) y ambientales (hora del día, estado de hidratación), sino también los métodos de laboratorio pueden afectar su calidad final. Objetivos: nuestro objetivo fue desarrollar y normalizar un protocolo para la preparación de PRP, que será repetible para uso equino, a través de un kit desechable estéril con una centrífuga estándar, que minimiza las variantes de laboratorio. Métodos y resultados: se estableció el protocolo final que resultó en un PRP con una concentración de plaquetas muy alta (6,4±1,3 veces mayor) y recuentos bajos de glóbulos blancos (3,7±1,8 x106/ml). El PRP final tenía concentraciones de factor de crecimiento derivado de plaquetas con un promedio de 37 ng/ml. Conclusión: El protocolo es altamente repetible y simple de realizar, y el kit es adecuado para usar en condiciones de campo porque no permite el contacto entre la muestra y el aire ambiente a lo largo del proceso.
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Alvarez, M. E., Giraldo, C. E., & Carmona, J. U. (2010). Monitoring bacterial contamination in equine platelet concentrates obtained by the tube method in a clean laboratory environment under three different technical conditions. Equine Veterinary Journal, 42(1), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.2746/042516409X455221
PMID:20121916
Andia, I., and Abate, M. (2014). Knee osteoarthritis: Hyaluronic acid, platelet-rich plasma or both in association? Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 14(5), 635–649. https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2014.889677 PMID:24533435
Andia, I., and Maffulli, N. (2013). Platelet-rich plasma for managing pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis. Nature Reviews. Rheumatology, 9(12), 721–730.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2013.141 PMID:24080861
Anitua, E., Zalduendo, M. M., Alkhraisat, M. H. and Orive, G. (2013). Release kinetics of platelet-derived and plasma-derived growth factors from autologous plasma rich in growth factors. Annals of Anatomy, 195(5), 461–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2013.04.004 PMID:23722041
Argüelles, D., Carmona, J. U., Pastor, J., Iborra, A., Viñals, L., Martínez, P., Prades, M. (2006). Evaluation of single and double centrifugation tube methods for
concentrating equine platelets. Research in Veterinary Science, 81(2), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.12.008
Carmona, J. U., and López, C. (2011). Autologous Platelet Concentrates as a Treatment for Shoulder Injury in a Horse. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 31(9), 506– 510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.008
Cerciello, S., Beitzel, K., Howlett, N., Russell, R. P., Apostolakos, J., McCarthy, M. B., Mazzocca, A. D. (2013). The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparations in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics, 23(2), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.oto.2013.07.001
Coppinger, J. A., Cagney, G., Toomey, S., Kislinger, T., Belton, O., McRedmond, J. P.,
Maguire, P. B. (2004). Characterization of the proteins released from activated platelets leads to localization of novel platelet proteins in human atherosclerotic lesions. Blood,103(6), 2096–2104. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-08-2804 PMID:14630798
Dohan Ehrenfest, D. M., Bielecki, T., Mishra, A., Borzini, P., Inchingolo, F., Sammartino, G., Everts, P. A. (2012). In search of a consensus terminology in the field of platelet concentrates for surgical use: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), fibrin gel polymerization and leukocytes. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 13(7), 1131–1137. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920112800624328 PMID:21740379
Dohan Ehrenfest, D. M., Rasmusson, L., and Albrektsson, T. (2009). Classification of platelet concentrates: From pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) to leucocyte- and
platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). Trends in Biotechnology, 27(3), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.11.009
Fontenot RL, Sink CA, Werre SR, Weinstein NM, Dahlgren LA. Simple tube centrifugation for processing platelet-rich plasma in the horse. Can Vet J = La Rev Vet Can 2012;53:1266–72.
Fortier, L. A., Barker, J. U., Strauss, E. J., McCarrel, T. M., and Cole, B. J. (2011). The Role of Growth Factors in Cartilage Repair. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related
Research, 469(10), 2706–2715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-011-1857-3
Giraldo, C. E., López, C., Álvarez, M. E., Samudio, I. J., Prades, M., and Carmona, J. U. (2013). Effects of the breed, sex and age on cellular content and growth factor
release from equine pure-platelet rich plasma and pure-platelet rich gel. BMC Veterinary Research, 9(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-29
Graziani, F., Ivanovski, S., Cei, S., Ducci, F., Tonetti, M., and Gabriele, M. (2006). The in vitro effect of different PRP concentrations on osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 17(2), 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01203.x PMID:16584418
Holmes, H. L., Wilson, B., Goerger, J. P., Silverberg, J. L., Cohen, I., Zipfel, W. R., and Fortier, L. A. (2018). Facilitated recruitment of mesenchymal stromal cells by bone marrow concentrate and platelet rich plasma. PLoS One, 13(3), e0194567. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194567
Kawasumi, M., Kitoh, H., Siwicka, K. A., and Ishiguro, N. (2008). The effect of the platelet concentration in platelet-rich plasma gel on the regeneration of bone. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume, 90(7), 966–972. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.90B7.20235 PMID:18591611
Li, A., Xia, X., Yeh, J., Kua, H., Liu, H., Mishina, Y., Li, B. (2014). PDGF-AA promotes osteogenic differentiation and migration of mesenchymal stem cell by downregulating PDGFRα and derepressing BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling. PLoS One, 9(12), e113785. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113785
Magalon, J., Bausset, O., Serratrice, N., Giraudo, L., Aboudou, H., Veran, J., Sabatier, F. (2014). Characterization and Comparison of 5 Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparations in a Single-Donor Model. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg, 30(5), 629–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2014.02.020
Marx, R. E. (2004). Platelet-rich plasma: Evidence to support its use. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 62(4), 489–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2003.12.003 PMID:15085519
Marx, R. E., Carlson, E. R., Eichstaedt, R. M., Schimmele, S. R., Strauss, J. E., and Georgeff, K. R. (1998). Platelet-rich plasma: Growth factor enhancement for bone grafts. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics, 85(6), 638–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(98)90029-4 PMID:9638695
McCarrel TM., Minas T., Fortier, LA. (2012). Optimization of leukocyte concentration in platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 94:e143(1-8). doi:10.2106/JBJS.L.00019.
O’Shea, C. M., Werre, S. R., and Dahlgren, L. A. (2015). Comparison of platelet counting technologies in equine platelet concentrates. Veterinary Surgery, 44(3), 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12290.x PMID:25307726
Pichereau, F., Décory, M., and Cuevas Ramos, G. (2014). Autologous platelet concentrate as a treatment for horses with refractory fetlock osteoarthritis. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 34(4), 489–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2013.10.004
Rinnovati, R., Romagnoli, N., Gentilini, F., Lambertini, C., and Spadari, A. (2015). The influence of environmental variables on platelet concentration in horse platelet-rich plasma. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 58(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-016-0226-3
Satué, K., Gardón, J., and Muñoz, A. (2017). Interpretation of Platelets in The Horse. Journal of Hematology Research, 4, 19–25. https://doi.org/10.12974/2312-5411.2017.04.3
Spaková, T., Rosocha, J., Lacko, M., Harvanová, D., and Gharaibeh, A. (2012). Treatment of knee joint osteoarthritis with autologous platelet-rich plasma in comparison with hyaluronic acid. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 91(5), 411–417. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182aab72
Sundman, E. A., Cole, B. J., and Fortier, L. A. (2011). Growth factor and catabolic cytokine concentrations are influenced by the cellular composition of platelet-rich plasma. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(10), 2135–2140. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546511417792 PMID:21846925
Sundman, E. A., Cole, B. J., Karas, V., Della Valle, C., Tetreault, M. W., Mohammed, H. O., and Fortier, L. A. (2014). The anti-inflammatory and matrix restorative mechanisms of platelet-rich plasma in osteoarthritis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546513507766 PMID:24192391
Wasserman, A., Matthewson, G., and MacDonald, P. (2018). Platelet-Rich Plasma and the Knee-Applications in Orthopedic Surgery. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 11(4), 607–615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-018-9521-0
Zhu, Y., Yuan, M., Meng, H. Y., Wang, A. Y., Guo, Q. Y., Wang, Y., and Peng, J. (2013). Basic science and clinical application of platelet-rich plasma for cartilage defects and osteoarthritis: A review. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 21(11), 1627–1637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2013.07.017 PMID:23933379
PMID:20121916
Andia, I., and Abate, M. (2014). Knee osteoarthritis: Hyaluronic acid, platelet-rich plasma or both in association? Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 14(5), 635–649. https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2014.889677 PMID:24533435
Andia, I., and Maffulli, N. (2013). Platelet-rich plasma for managing pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis. Nature Reviews. Rheumatology, 9(12), 721–730.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2013.141 PMID:24080861
Anitua, E., Zalduendo, M. M., Alkhraisat, M. H. and Orive, G. (2013). Release kinetics of platelet-derived and plasma-derived growth factors from autologous plasma rich in growth factors. Annals of Anatomy, 195(5), 461–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2013.04.004 PMID:23722041
Argüelles, D., Carmona, J. U., Pastor, J., Iborra, A., Viñals, L., Martínez, P., Prades, M. (2006). Evaluation of single and double centrifugation tube methods for
concentrating equine platelets. Research in Veterinary Science, 81(2), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.12.008
Carmona, J. U., and López, C. (2011). Autologous Platelet Concentrates as a Treatment for Shoulder Injury in a Horse. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 31(9), 506– 510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.008
Cerciello, S., Beitzel, K., Howlett, N., Russell, R. P., Apostolakos, J., McCarthy, M. B., Mazzocca, A. D. (2013). The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparations in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics, 23(2), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.oto.2013.07.001
Coppinger, J. A., Cagney, G., Toomey, S., Kislinger, T., Belton, O., McRedmond, J. P.,
Maguire, P. B. (2004). Characterization of the proteins released from activated platelets leads to localization of novel platelet proteins in human atherosclerotic lesions. Blood,103(6), 2096–2104. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-08-2804 PMID:14630798
Dohan Ehrenfest, D. M., Bielecki, T., Mishra, A., Borzini, P., Inchingolo, F., Sammartino, G., Everts, P. A. (2012). In search of a consensus terminology in the field of platelet concentrates for surgical use: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), fibrin gel polymerization and leukocytes. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 13(7), 1131–1137. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920112800624328 PMID:21740379
Dohan Ehrenfest, D. M., Rasmusson, L., and Albrektsson, T. (2009). Classification of platelet concentrates: From pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) to leucocyte- and
platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). Trends in Biotechnology, 27(3), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.11.009
Fontenot RL, Sink CA, Werre SR, Weinstein NM, Dahlgren LA. Simple tube centrifugation for processing platelet-rich plasma in the horse. Can Vet J = La Rev Vet Can 2012;53:1266–72.
Fortier, L. A., Barker, J. U., Strauss, E. J., McCarrel, T. M., and Cole, B. J. (2011). The Role of Growth Factors in Cartilage Repair. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related
Research, 469(10), 2706–2715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-011-1857-3
Giraldo, C. E., López, C., Álvarez, M. E., Samudio, I. J., Prades, M., and Carmona, J. U. (2013). Effects of the breed, sex and age on cellular content and growth factor
release from equine pure-platelet rich plasma and pure-platelet rich gel. BMC Veterinary Research, 9(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-29
Graziani, F., Ivanovski, S., Cei, S., Ducci, F., Tonetti, M., and Gabriele, M. (2006). The in vitro effect of different PRP concentrations on osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 17(2), 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01203.x PMID:16584418
Holmes, H. L., Wilson, B., Goerger, J. P., Silverberg, J. L., Cohen, I., Zipfel, W. R., and Fortier, L. A. (2018). Facilitated recruitment of mesenchymal stromal cells by bone marrow concentrate and platelet rich plasma. PLoS One, 13(3), e0194567. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194567
Kawasumi, M., Kitoh, H., Siwicka, K. A., and Ishiguro, N. (2008). The effect of the platelet concentration in platelet-rich plasma gel on the regeneration of bone. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume, 90(7), 966–972. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.90B7.20235 PMID:18591611
Li, A., Xia, X., Yeh, J., Kua, H., Liu, H., Mishina, Y., Li, B. (2014). PDGF-AA promotes osteogenic differentiation and migration of mesenchymal stem cell by downregulating PDGFRα and derepressing BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling. PLoS One, 9(12), e113785. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113785
Magalon, J., Bausset, O., Serratrice, N., Giraudo, L., Aboudou, H., Veran, J., Sabatier, F. (2014). Characterization and Comparison of 5 Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparations in a Single-Donor Model. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg, 30(5), 629–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2014.02.020
Marx, R. E. (2004). Platelet-rich plasma: Evidence to support its use. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 62(4), 489–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2003.12.003 PMID:15085519
Marx, R. E., Carlson, E. R., Eichstaedt, R. M., Schimmele, S. R., Strauss, J. E., and Georgeff, K. R. (1998). Platelet-rich plasma: Growth factor enhancement for bone grafts. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics, 85(6), 638–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(98)90029-4 PMID:9638695
McCarrel TM., Minas T., Fortier, LA. (2012). Optimization of leukocyte concentration in platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 94:e143(1-8). doi:10.2106/JBJS.L.00019.
O’Shea, C. M., Werre, S. R., and Dahlgren, L. A. (2015). Comparison of platelet counting technologies in equine platelet concentrates. Veterinary Surgery, 44(3), 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12290.x PMID:25307726
Pichereau, F., Décory, M., and Cuevas Ramos, G. (2014). Autologous platelet concentrate as a treatment for horses with refractory fetlock osteoarthritis. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 34(4), 489–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2013.10.004
Rinnovati, R., Romagnoli, N., Gentilini, F., Lambertini, C., and Spadari, A. (2015). The influence of environmental variables on platelet concentration in horse platelet-rich plasma. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 58(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-016-0226-3
Satué, K., Gardón, J., and Muñoz, A. (2017). Interpretation of Platelets in The Horse. Journal of Hematology Research, 4, 19–25. https://doi.org/10.12974/2312-5411.2017.04.3
Spaková, T., Rosocha, J., Lacko, M., Harvanová, D., and Gharaibeh, A. (2012). Treatment of knee joint osteoarthritis with autologous platelet-rich plasma in comparison with hyaluronic acid. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 91(5), 411–417. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182aab72
Sundman, E. A., Cole, B. J., and Fortier, L. A. (2011). Growth factor and catabolic cytokine concentrations are influenced by the cellular composition of platelet-rich plasma. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(10), 2135–2140. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546511417792 PMID:21846925
Sundman, E. A., Cole, B. J., Karas, V., Della Valle, C., Tetreault, M. W., Mohammed, H. O., and Fortier, L. A. (2014). The anti-inflammatory and matrix restorative mechanisms of platelet-rich plasma in osteoarthritis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546513507766 PMID:24192391
Wasserman, A., Matthewson, G., and MacDonald, P. (2018). Platelet-Rich Plasma and the Knee-Applications in Orthopedic Surgery. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 11(4), 607–615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-018-9521-0
Zhu, Y., Yuan, M., Meng, H. Y., Wang, A. Y., Guo, Q. Y., Wang, Y., and Peng, J. (2013). Basic science and clinical application of platelet-rich plasma for cartilage defects and osteoarthritis: A review. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 21(11), 1627–1637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2013.07.017 PMID:23933379
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