Abstract
Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing constitutes a serious global threat that jeopardizes the sustainability of coastal areas worldwide, with significant environmental and social costs, such as the decline of fish populations and ecosystem degradation. IUU fishing can lead to multiple fraudulent and illicit activities linked to transnational organized crime. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the impact of these criminal activities associated with IUU fishing within the Galápagos Archipelago marine reserve, in order to identify the ain factors and illicit strategies employed by these criminal organizations. To this end, a descriptive and analytical study was carried out, with an exploratory scope, and using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The findings indicate that the main criminal activities involved with IUU fishing include drug trafficking, corruption, and money laundering. The negative impacts of IUU fishing include overfishing, habitat damage, biodiversity loss, and economic contraction. Additionally, the hypothesis that current maritime control and surveillance measures are insufficient to counter transnational illegal activities within the Galápagos Archipelago was validated.
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