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Ansari Mahyari , A., & Mahmoudi, H. (2024). Análisis de Medidas Internacionales para Reducir la Contaminación Ambiental causada por Petroleros. Jurídicas, 21(1), 193–213. https://doi.org/10.17151/jurid.2024.21.1.10
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Autores/as
Alireza Ansari Mahyari
Islamic Azad University
Hadi Mahmoudi
Islamic Azad UniversityResumen
Hoy en día debido al alto aprovechamiento del mar y la diversidad y velocidad de vertido de contaminantes al mar, la capacidad de autodepuración de los ecosistemas marinos se ve reducida, y los efectos de la entrada de dichas sustancias difícilmente pueden ser neutralizados. Diversas actividades humanas a través del transporte marítimo han dado lugar a la entrada de contaminantes derivados del petróleo a través de las operaciones actuales de los buques y los accidentes marítimos. Esto allanó el camino para el surgimiento de una mentalidad global sobre la necesidad de proteger el medio ambiente marino de la contaminación por petróleo y tomar medidas para prevenir la contaminación, cooperar y lidiar con la contaminación y, en última instancia, indemnizar a las víctimas de estos accidentes. El propósito de este estudio es investigar el impacto de las medidas internacionales tomadas para reducir la contaminación ambiental de los petroleros. Este artículo se ha realizado utilizando un método descriptivo-analítico. Con base en los estudios realizados, los autores concluyen que las normas y reglamentos internacionales han definido los límites de los derechos y obligaciones de los gobiernos y organismos internacionales en la reducción de la contaminación ambiental de los buques petroleros. lo que se necesita hacer es un apoyo universal para estas reglas y regulaciones y su implementación. Es perfecto La implementación de convenciones internacionales para el transporte, recolección, reciclaje, tratamiento, procesamiento y eliminación adecuados de estos materiales tendrá un efecto significativo en la reducción de la contaminación marina causada por el transporte marítimo.
Citas
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Anyanova, E. (2012). Oil pollution and international marine environmental law. Sustainable development–Authoritative and leading edge content for environmental management, 2-26.
Arctic Council. (2013). AGREEMENT on Cooperation on Marine Oil Pollution Preparedness and Response in the Arctic.
Arslan, Ö., Uflaz, E., & İncaz, S. (2018). International convention for the prevention of pollution from ships, 1973, as modified by the protocol of 1978 relating thereto and by the protocol of 1997 (marpol). Oil Spill along the Turkish Straits, 342.
Atabule, A. (2020). Polluter Pays Principle and Regulation of Environmental Pollution in the Nigerian Oil Sector (Master’s thesis, Itä-Suomen yliopisto). https://erepo.uef.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/23712/urn_nbn_fi_uef-20201482.pdf?sequence=1
Aydin, M., Camliyurt, G., Akyuz, E., & Arslan, O. (2021). Analyzing human error contributions to maritime environmental risk in oil/chemical tanker ship. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 27(7), 1838-1859.
Burrows, P., Rowley, C. K., & Owen, D. (1974). Operational dumping and the pollution of the sea by oil: An evaluation of preventive measures. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 1(3), 202-218.
Čampara, L., Hasanspahić, N., & Vujičić, S. (2018). Overview of MARPOL ANNEX VI regulations for prevention of air pollution from marine diesel engines. SHS web of conferences.
Chen, J., Zhang, W., Wan, Z., Li, S., Huang, T., & Fei, Y. (2019). Oil spills from global tankers: Status review and future governance. Journal of cleaner production, 227, 20-32.
Churchill, R. (2012). Compliance mechanisms in the international law of the sea: from the individual to the collective. In Coexistence, Cooperation and Solidarity (2 vols.) (pp. 777-806). Brill Nijhoff.
Dzidzornu, D. M., & Tsamenyi, B. M. (1990). Enhancing international control of vessel-source oil pollution under the law of the sea convention, 1982: A reassessment. U. Tas. L. Rev., 10, 269.
Eide, M. S., Endresen, Ø., Brett, P. O., Ervik, J. L., & Røang, K. (2007). Intelligent ship traffic monitoring for oil spill prevention: Risk based decision support building on AIS. Marine pollution bulletin, 54(2), 145-148.
Erkebay, Ş. (2018). International Convention Relating To Intervention On The High Seas In Cases Of Oil Pollution Casualties (Intervention 1969) And Its Applications Related With Oil Spill In Turkey. Oil Spill along the Turkish Straits, 371.
Faure, M., & Hui, W. (2003). The international regimes for the compensation of oil-pollution damage: Are they effective. Rev. Eur. Comp. & Int’l Envtl. L., 12, 242.
Gaskell, N. (2003). Decision making and the legal committee of the international maritime organization. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 18(2), 155-214.
Gauci, G. M. (1999). Protection of the marine environment through the international ship-source oil pollution compensation regimes. Rev. Eur. Comp. & Int’l Envtl. L., 8, 29.
Gold, E. (Ed.). (1991). Maritime Affairs: A World Handbook: A Reference Guide for Modern Ocean Policy and Management. Gale; Cengage Learning.
Gold, E. (1998). Lessons in Corporate Responsibility: Learning from Disaster?. Ocean Yearbook
Online, 13(1), 167-182.
Gurumo, T. S., & Han, L. (2012). The role and challenge of international oil pollution liability legislations in the protection of marine environment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 3(2), 183.
Healy, N. J. (1969). The International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969. J. Mar. L. & Com., 1, 31.
Higgins, J. J. (1978). Pollution: International Conventions, Federal and State Legislation. Tul. L. Rev., 53, 1328.
Hosseini, S. V., & Kalbassi, M. (2003). Karyotype analysis in Schizothorax zarudnyi from Hamoon Lake. Iranian Journal of Marine Sciences, 2(1), 13-23.
Ivanov, A. Y., & Zatyagalova, V. V. (2008). A GIS approach to mapping oil spills in a marine environment.
International journal of remote sensing, 29(21), 6297-6313.
Ivshina, I. B., Kuyukina, M. S., Krivoruchko, A. V., Elkin, A. A., Makarov, S. O., Cunningham, C. J., Peshkur, T. A., Atlas, R. M., & Philp, J. C. (2015). Oil spill problems and sustainable response strategies through new technologies. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 17(7), 1201-1219
Kaluza, P., Kölzsch, A., Gastner, M. T., & Blasius, B. (2010). The complex network of global cargo ship movements. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 7(48), 1093-1103.
Karachle, P., Corsini Foka, M., Crocetta, F., Dulcic, J., Dzhembekova, N., Galanidi, M., ... & Zenetos, A. (2017). Setting-up a billboard of marine invasive species in the ESENIAS area: current situation and future expectancies. Acta Adriatica, 58(3).
Kiss, A., & Shelton, D. (2007). Guide to international environmental law. Brill.
Lansakara, F. (2011). Oil Pollution by Ships and the Adequacy of International Conventions on Compensation. China Oceans L. Rev., 263.
Mason, M. (2003). Civil liability for oil pollution damage: examining the evolving scope for environmental compensation in the international regime. Marine Policy, 27(1), 1-12.
Mendelsohn, A. I. (1971). Ocean Pollution and the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Environment. J. Mar. L. & Com., 3, 385.
Mensah, T. A. (1976). International Environmental Law: International Conventions Concerning Oil Pollution at Sea. Case W. Res. J. Int’l L., 8, 110.
Mensah, T. A. (2007). Prevention of marine pollution: The contribution of IMO. In Pollution of the Sea—Prevention and Compensation (pp. 41-61). Springe.
Meyer, J. W., Frank, D. J., Hironaka, A., Schofer, E., & Tuma, N. B. (1997). The structuring of a world environmental regime, 1870-1990. International organization, 51(4), 623-651.
Mitchell, R. B. (1994). Regime design matters: intentional oil pollution and treaty compliance. International organization, 48(3), 425-458.
Mityagina, M., & Lavrova, O. (2016). Satellite survey of inner seas: oil pollution in the Black and Caspian Seas. Remote Sensing, 8(10), 875.
Mohammadi Golrang, A., Shariati, F., Shariati, S., & Assmar, M. (2021). The Effect of the Unpleasant Odor of Gohar Rood River in Rasht on the Quality of Life of Human Communities. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 11(2), 189-201.
Nanda, V. P. (1967). The Torrey Canyon disaster: some legal aspects. Denv. LJ, 44, 400.
Ng, A. K., & Song, S. (2010). The environmental impacts of pollutants generated by routine shipping operations on ports. Ocean & Coastal Management, 53(5-6), 301-311.
Nigar, M. (2018). Revisiting the International Civil Liability Regimes for Transboundary Pollution by Nuclear, Oil and Hazardous Waste. Sri Lanka J. Int’l L., 26, 53.
Nordquist, M. (Ed.). (2011). United Nations Convention on the law of the sea 1982, Volume VII: a commentary. Brill.
O’Connell, D. M. (1970). Reflections on Brussels: IMCO and the 1969 pollution conventions. Cornell Int’l LJ, 3, 161.
Poland, S., & Rooth, T. (1996). Gard handbook on P&I insurance. Assuranceforeningen Gard.
Purwendah, E. K., Mangku, D. G. S., & Periani, A. (2019). Dispute Settlements of Oil Spills in the Sea Towards Sea Environment Pollution. First International Conference on Progressive Civil Society (ICONPROCS 2019,
Ringbom, H. (1999). Preventing Pollution from Ships-Reflections on the Adequacy of Existing Rule, Rev. Eur. Comp. & Int’l Envtl. L., 8, 21.
Ruban, D. A., & Yashalova, N. N. (2022). Corporate Pro-Environmental Behavior on the Seas: Eco-Ethical Prescriptions of the Largest Cruise Companies. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(3), 380.
Scheffer, H. (1971). Pollution of the Sea by Oil The Brussels Convention of 1969 relating to oil pollution casualties. Netherlands International Law Review, 18(1), 2-24.
Schmitt, M. N. (1997). Green war: an assessment of the environmental law of international armed conflict. Yale J. Int’l L., 22, 1.
Sengul, H., Santella, N., Steinberg, L. J., & Chermak, C. (2010). Accidental hazardous material releases with human impacts in the United States: exploration of geographical distribution and temporal trends. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 52(9), 920-925.
Taghizadeh Ansari, M., & Zavareh Tabatabaei, F. (2020). Ship-source oil pollution from International Criminal Law point of view. Journal of Researches Energy Law Studies, 6(2), 247-263.
Teal, J. M., & Howarth, R. W. (1984). Oil spill studies: a review of ecological effects. Environmental Management, 8(1), 27-43.
Ülker, D., & Baltaoğlu, S. (2018). Ship born oil pollution in Turkish straits sea area and MARPOL 73/78. Oil Spill along the Turkish Straits, 363.
Utton, A. E. (1967). Protective Measures and the Torrey Canyon. BC Indus. & Com. L. Rev., 9, 613.
Van Hanswyk, B. (1988). The 1984 protocols to the international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damages and the international fund for compensation for oil pollution damages: An option for needed reform in United States law. The International Lawyer, 319-343.
Van Reenen, W. (1981). Rules of Reference in the new Convention on the Law of the Sea, in particular in connection with the pollution of the sea by oil from tankers. Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 12, 3-44.
Vanem, E., Endresen, Ø., & Skjong, R. (2008). Cost-effectiveness criteria for marine oil spill preventive measures. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 93(9), 1354-1368.
Wolok, E., Barafi, J., Joshi, N., Girimonte, R., & Chakraborty, S. (2020). Study of bio-materials for removal of the oil spill. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(23), 1-11.
Zhu, L. (2007). International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001—Liability and Insurance Aspects. In Pollution of the Sea—Prevention and Compensation (pp. 171-180). Springer.
Anyanova, E. (2012). Oil pollution and international marine environmental law. Sustainable development–Authoritative and leading edge content for environmental management, 2-26.
Arctic Council. (2013). AGREEMENT on Cooperation on Marine Oil Pollution Preparedness and Response in the Arctic.
Arslan, Ö., Uflaz, E., & İncaz, S. (2018). International convention for the prevention of pollution from ships, 1973, as modified by the protocol of 1978 relating thereto and by the protocol of 1997 (marpol). Oil Spill along the Turkish Straits, 342.
Atabule, A. (2020). Polluter Pays Principle and Regulation of Environmental Pollution in the Nigerian Oil Sector (Master’s thesis, Itä-Suomen yliopisto). https://erepo.uef.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/23712/urn_nbn_fi_uef-20201482.pdf?sequence=1
Aydin, M., Camliyurt, G., Akyuz, E., & Arslan, O. (2021). Analyzing human error contributions to maritime environmental risk in oil/chemical tanker ship. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 27(7), 1838-1859.
Burrows, P., Rowley, C. K., & Owen, D. (1974). Operational dumping and the pollution of the sea by oil: An evaluation of preventive measures. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 1(3), 202-218.
Čampara, L., Hasanspahić, N., & Vujičić, S. (2018). Overview of MARPOL ANNEX VI regulations for prevention of air pollution from marine diesel engines. SHS web of conferences.
Chen, J., Zhang, W., Wan, Z., Li, S., Huang, T., & Fei, Y. (2019). Oil spills from global tankers: Status review and future governance. Journal of cleaner production, 227, 20-32.
Churchill, R. (2012). Compliance mechanisms in the international law of the sea: from the individual to the collective. In Coexistence, Cooperation and Solidarity (2 vols.) (pp. 777-806). Brill Nijhoff.
Dzidzornu, D. M., & Tsamenyi, B. M. (1990). Enhancing international control of vessel-source oil pollution under the law of the sea convention, 1982: A reassessment. U. Tas. L. Rev., 10, 269.
Eide, M. S., Endresen, Ø., Brett, P. O., Ervik, J. L., & Røang, K. (2007). Intelligent ship traffic monitoring for oil spill prevention: Risk based decision support building on AIS. Marine pollution bulletin, 54(2), 145-148.
Erkebay, Ş. (2018). International Convention Relating To Intervention On The High Seas In Cases Of Oil Pollution Casualties (Intervention 1969) And Its Applications Related With Oil Spill In Turkey. Oil Spill along the Turkish Straits, 371.
Faure, M., & Hui, W. (2003). The international regimes for the compensation of oil-pollution damage: Are they effective. Rev. Eur. Comp. & Int’l Envtl. L., 12, 242.
Gaskell, N. (2003). Decision making and the legal committee of the international maritime organization. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 18(2), 155-214.
Gauci, G. M. (1999). Protection of the marine environment through the international ship-source oil pollution compensation regimes. Rev. Eur. Comp. & Int’l Envtl. L., 8, 29.
Gold, E. (Ed.). (1991). Maritime Affairs: A World Handbook: A Reference Guide for Modern Ocean Policy and Management. Gale; Cengage Learning.
Gold, E. (1998). Lessons in Corporate Responsibility: Learning from Disaster?. Ocean Yearbook
Online, 13(1), 167-182.
Gurumo, T. S., & Han, L. (2012). The role and challenge of international oil pollution liability legislations in the protection of marine environment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 3(2), 183.
Healy, N. J. (1969). The International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969. J. Mar. L. & Com., 1, 31.
Higgins, J. J. (1978). Pollution: International Conventions, Federal and State Legislation. Tul. L. Rev., 53, 1328.
Hosseini, S. V., & Kalbassi, M. (2003). Karyotype analysis in Schizothorax zarudnyi from Hamoon Lake. Iranian Journal of Marine Sciences, 2(1), 13-23.
Ivanov, A. Y., & Zatyagalova, V. V. (2008). A GIS approach to mapping oil spills in a marine environment.
International journal of remote sensing, 29(21), 6297-6313.
Ivshina, I. B., Kuyukina, M. S., Krivoruchko, A. V., Elkin, A. A., Makarov, S. O., Cunningham, C. J., Peshkur, T. A., Atlas, R. M., & Philp, J. C. (2015). Oil spill problems and sustainable response strategies through new technologies. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 17(7), 1201-1219
Kaluza, P., Kölzsch, A., Gastner, M. T., & Blasius, B. (2010). The complex network of global cargo ship movements. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 7(48), 1093-1103.
Karachle, P., Corsini Foka, M., Crocetta, F., Dulcic, J., Dzhembekova, N., Galanidi, M., ... & Zenetos, A. (2017). Setting-up a billboard of marine invasive species in the ESENIAS area: current situation and future expectancies. Acta Adriatica, 58(3).
Kiss, A., & Shelton, D. (2007). Guide to international environmental law. Brill.
Lansakara, F. (2011). Oil Pollution by Ships and the Adequacy of International Conventions on Compensation. China Oceans L. Rev., 263.
Mason, M. (2003). Civil liability for oil pollution damage: examining the evolving scope for environmental compensation in the international regime. Marine Policy, 27(1), 1-12.
Mendelsohn, A. I. (1971). Ocean Pollution and the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Environment. J. Mar. L. & Com., 3, 385.
Mensah, T. A. (1976). International Environmental Law: International Conventions Concerning Oil Pollution at Sea. Case W. Res. J. Int’l L., 8, 110.
Mensah, T. A. (2007). Prevention of marine pollution: The contribution of IMO. In Pollution of the Sea—Prevention and Compensation (pp. 41-61). Springe.
Meyer, J. W., Frank, D. J., Hironaka, A., Schofer, E., & Tuma, N. B. (1997). The structuring of a world environmental regime, 1870-1990. International organization, 51(4), 623-651.
Mitchell, R. B. (1994). Regime design matters: intentional oil pollution and treaty compliance. International organization, 48(3), 425-458.
Mityagina, M., & Lavrova, O. (2016). Satellite survey of inner seas: oil pollution in the Black and Caspian Seas. Remote Sensing, 8(10), 875.
Mohammadi Golrang, A., Shariati, F., Shariati, S., & Assmar, M. (2021). The Effect of the Unpleasant Odor of Gohar Rood River in Rasht on the Quality of Life of Human Communities. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 11(2), 189-201.
Nanda, V. P. (1967). The Torrey Canyon disaster: some legal aspects. Denv. LJ, 44, 400.
Ng, A. K., & Song, S. (2010). The environmental impacts of pollutants generated by routine shipping operations on ports. Ocean & Coastal Management, 53(5-6), 301-311.
Nigar, M. (2018). Revisiting the International Civil Liability Regimes for Transboundary Pollution by Nuclear, Oil and Hazardous Waste. Sri Lanka J. Int’l L., 26, 53.
Nordquist, M. (Ed.). (2011). United Nations Convention on the law of the sea 1982, Volume VII: a commentary. Brill.
O’Connell, D. M. (1970). Reflections on Brussels: IMCO and the 1969 pollution conventions. Cornell Int’l LJ, 3, 161.
Poland, S., & Rooth, T. (1996). Gard handbook on P&I insurance. Assuranceforeningen Gard.
Purwendah, E. K., Mangku, D. G. S., & Periani, A. (2019). Dispute Settlements of Oil Spills in the Sea Towards Sea Environment Pollution. First International Conference on Progressive Civil Society (ICONPROCS 2019,
Ringbom, H. (1999). Preventing Pollution from Ships-Reflections on the Adequacy of Existing Rule, Rev. Eur. Comp. & Int’l Envtl. L., 8, 21.
Ruban, D. A., & Yashalova, N. N. (2022). Corporate Pro-Environmental Behavior on the Seas: Eco-Ethical Prescriptions of the Largest Cruise Companies. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(3), 380.
Scheffer, H. (1971). Pollution of the Sea by Oil The Brussels Convention of 1969 relating to oil pollution casualties. Netherlands International Law Review, 18(1), 2-24.
Schmitt, M. N. (1997). Green war: an assessment of the environmental law of international armed conflict. Yale J. Int’l L., 22, 1.
Sengul, H., Santella, N., Steinberg, L. J., & Chermak, C. (2010). Accidental hazardous material releases with human impacts in the United States: exploration of geographical distribution and temporal trends. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 52(9), 920-925.
Taghizadeh Ansari, M., & Zavareh Tabatabaei, F. (2020). Ship-source oil pollution from International Criminal Law point of view. Journal of Researches Energy Law Studies, 6(2), 247-263.
Teal, J. M., & Howarth, R. W. (1984). Oil spill studies: a review of ecological effects. Environmental Management, 8(1), 27-43.
Ülker, D., & Baltaoğlu, S. (2018). Ship born oil pollution in Turkish straits sea area and MARPOL 73/78. Oil Spill along the Turkish Straits, 363.
Utton, A. E. (1967). Protective Measures and the Torrey Canyon. BC Indus. & Com. L. Rev., 9, 613.
Van Hanswyk, B. (1988). The 1984 protocols to the international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damages and the international fund for compensation for oil pollution damages: An option for needed reform in United States law. The International Lawyer, 319-343.
Van Reenen, W. (1981). Rules of Reference in the new Convention on the Law of the Sea, in particular in connection with the pollution of the sea by oil from tankers. Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 12, 3-44.
Vanem, E., Endresen, Ø., & Skjong, R. (2008). Cost-effectiveness criteria for marine oil spill preventive measures. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 93(9), 1354-1368.
Wolok, E., Barafi, J., Joshi, N., Girimonte, R., & Chakraborty, S. (2020). Study of bio-materials for removal of the oil spill. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(23), 1-11.
Zhu, L. (2007). International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001—Liability and Insurance Aspects. In Pollution of the Sea—Prevention and Compensation (pp. 171-180). Springer.
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