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Chávez Valdivia, A. K. (2023). Sistemas conversacionales: entre la privacidad y la funcionalidad de las interacciones. Jurídicas, 20(2), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.17151/jurid.2023.20.2.12
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Autores/as
Ana Karin Chávez Valdivia
Universidad La Salle de Arequipa
Resumen
La tecnología ha viabilizado todo tipo de cambios en la sociedad, uno de los más trascendentes se refleja en la forma en la cual nos relacionamos con nuestro entorno. Es así como los sistemas conversacionales posibilitan diversos tipos de interacciones de manera sencilla y permanente, al tiempo que su impacto se vuelve escalonado acorde a sus potencialidades y funcionalidades dentro de los entornos en los cuales se encuentran incorporados. En este sentido, mediante la simulación de características específicas humanas estos sistemas intervienen sin mayor problema en el desarrollo de una conversación, con lo que generan una actitud de mayor o menor confianza ante sus respuestas, las mismas que conducirán a la toma de ciertas decisiones por parte de las personas; y, al ser entidades diseñadas, pueden adoptar las “formas” y “actitudes” que nosotros decidamos basados en la información que le suministremos, por lo que diversos aspectos en torno a la privacidad del usuario se encuentran seriamente comprometidos.
Indiscutiblemente el rápido desarrollo e interés por introducir los sistemas conversacionales en todas las actividades de nuestra vida cotidiana consolida la premisa de que cuanto más generalizado sea su uso, mayor será la cantidad de datos personales que estarán a disposición de terceros; y, en consecuencia, diversas consideraciones en torno a la privacidad deben ser replanteadas.
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Citas
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Lai-Chong Law, O. Granmo, E. Luger & P. Brandtzaeg (Eds.), Chatbot Research and Design: Third International Workshop (pp. 94-110). Springer.
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Buchanan, T., Paine, C., Joinson, A., & Reips, U. (2007). Development of measures of online privacy concern and protection for use on the Internet. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(2), 157-165. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20459
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Effects of self-disclosure and reciprocity. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 103,
95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.02.005
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Nass, C. & Moon, Y. (2000). Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to Computers. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00153
Nissenbaum, H. (2004). Privacy as Contextual Integrity. Washington Law Review, 79(1), 119-157. https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4450&context=wlr
Neururer, M., Schögl, S., Brinkschulte, L. & Groth, A. (2018). Perceptions on Authenticity in Chat Bots. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2030060
Nordberg, O., Dugstad, J., Sektnan, E., Flobak, E., Nordgreen, T., Kumar, S. y Guribye, F. (2020). Designing Chatbots for Guiding Online Peer Support Conversations for Adults with ADHD. In A.
Følstad, T. Araujo, S. Papadopoulos, E. Lai-Chong Law, O. Granmo, E. Luger & P. Brandtzaeg (Eds.), Chatbot Research and Design: Third International Workshop (pp. 113-126). Springer.
Pulman, S., Boye, J., Cavazza, M., Smith, C. & de La Cámara, R. (2010). How was your day? Proceedings of the 2010 Workshop on Companionable Dialogue Systems ACL, 37-42. https://aclanthology.org/W10-2707.pdf
Rouvroy, A. (2008). Privacy, data protection, and the unprecedented challenges of ambient intelligence.Studies in ethics, law, and technology, 2(1), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.2202/1941-6008.1001
Sağlam, R., & Nurse, J. (2020). Is your chatbot GDPR compliant? Open issues in agent design.Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (pp. 1-3). https://doi.org/10.1145/3405755.3406131
Satzger, B., Endres, M. & Kießling, W. (2006). A Preference-Based Recommender System. In K.Bauknecht, B. Pröll & H. Werthner (Eds.), E-Commerce and Web Technologies: 7th International Conference (pp. 31-40). Springer.
Shechtman, N., & Horowitz, L. (2003). Media inequality in conversation: how people behave differently when interacting with computers and people. CHI ‘03: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 281-288). https://doi.org/10.1145/642611.642661
Skinner, G., Han, S., & Chang, E. (2006). An information privacy taxonomy for collaborative environments. Information management & computer security, 14(4), 382-394.
Smith, H. J., Milberg, S. J., & Burke, S. J. (1996). Information privacy: Measuring individuals’ concerns about organizational practices. MIS quarterly, 167-196.
Solove, D. J. (2006). A Taxonomy of Privacy. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 154(3), 477-564. https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/pnlr154§ion=20
Solvan. (12 de marzo de 2018). Chatbot, asistente virtual y agente conversacional. Solvan. https://solvanweb.com.mx/chatbot-asistente-virtual-y-agente-conversacional
Väänänen, K., Hiltunen, A., Varsaluoma, J. y Pietilä, I. (2020). CivicBots – Chatbots for Supporting Youth in Societal Participation. In A. Følstad, T. Araujo, S. Papadopoulos, E. Lai-Chong Law, O. Granmo,
E. Luger & P. Brandtzaeg (Eds.), Chatbot Research and Design: Third International Workshop, CONVERSATIONS 2019 Amsterdam (pp. 143-157). Springer.
Von der Pütten, A. M., Krämer, N., Gratch, J., & Kang, S. (2010). It doesn’t matter what you are! Explaining social effects of agents and avatars. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.012
Warren, S., & Brandeis, L. D. (1890). The right to privacy. Harvard Law Review, 4, 193-220. West, M., Kraut, R., & Chew, H. (2019). I’d blush if I could: closing gender divides in digital skills through education. UNESCO.
Wilks, Y. (2010). Is a Companion a distinctive kind of relationship with a machine? Proceedings of the 2010 Workshop on Companionable Dialogue Systems, 13-18. https://aclanthology.org/W10-2703.pdf
Baez, M., Daniel, F., & Casati, F. (2020). Conversational Web Interaction: Proposal of a Dialog-Based Natural Language Interaction Paradigm for the Web. In A. Følstad, T. Araujo, S. Papadopoulos, E.
Lai-Chong Law, O. Granmo, E. Luger & P. Brandtzaeg (Eds.), Chatbot Research and Design: Third International Workshop (pp. 94-110). Springer.
Bailenson, J. N., & Blascovich, J. (2004). Avatars. In W. S. Bainbridge (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human–computer interaction (pp. 64-68). Berkshire Publishing Group.
Bélanger, F., & Crossler, R. E. (2011). Privacy in the digital age: A Review of Information privacy research in information systems. MIS Quarterly, 35(4). https://www.jstor.org/stable/41409971
Buchanan, T., Paine, C., Joinson, A., & Reips, U. (2007). Development of measures of online privacy concern and protection for use on the Internet. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(2), 157-165. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20459
Burgoon, J. (1982). Privacy and Communication. Annals of the International Communication Association, 6(1), 206-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.1982.11678499
Cassell, J. (2001). Embodied Conversational Agent: Representation and Intelligence in User Interfaces. AI Magazine. 22, 4: 67-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v22i4.1593
Chaves, A., & Gerosa, M. (2020). How should my chatbot interact? A survey on human-chatbot interaction design. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 37(8), 729-758. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1841438
Crolic, C., Thomaz, F., Hadi, R., & Stephen, A. T. (2021). Blame the Bot: Anthropomorphism and Anger in Customer–Chatbot Interactions. Journal of Marketing, 86(1), 132-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429211045687
Dale, R. (2016). Industry Watch: The return of the chatbots. Natural Language Engineering, 22(5), 811-817. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1351324916000243
Ford, J., Chance, E., Haynes, K. & Rajpurohit, D. (2012). Embodied Conversational Agent Avatars in Virtual Worlds: Making today’s immersive environments more responsive to participants. In P.Hingston (Ed.), Believable Bots: Can Computers Play Like People? (pp. 99-118). Springer.
Guzman, A. L. (2019). Voices in and of the machine: Source orientation toward mobile virtual assistants.Computers in Human Behavior, 90, 343-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.009
Hasal, M., Nowaková, J., Ahmed, K., Abdulla, H., Snášel, V. y Ogiela, L. (2021). Chatbots: Security, privacy, data protection, and social aspects. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 33(19). 10.1002/cpe.6426
Holak, B. (16 de marzo de 2018). ¿Quién habla? Agente conversacional vs chatbot vs asistente virtual. Techtarget. https://www.computerweekly.com/es/cronica/Quien-habla-Agente-conversacional-vschatbot-vs-asistente-virtual
Lee, S. & Choi, J. (2017). Enhancing user experience with conversational agent for movie recommendation:
Effects of self-disclosure and reciprocity. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 103,
95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.02.005
Luger, E. & Sellen, A. (2016). Like having a really Bad PA: The Gulf between User Expectation and Experience of Conversational Agents. CHI ‘16: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 5286-5297. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858288
Malhotra, N., Kim, S. & Agarwal, J. (2004). Internet users’ information privacy concerns (IUIPC): The Construct, the Scale, and a Causal Model. Information systems research, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1040.0032
McAllister, P., Kerr, J., McTear, M., Mulvenna, M., Bond, R., Kirby, K., Morning, J. & Glover, D. (2020). Towards Chatbots to Support Bibliotherapy Preparation and Delivery. In A. Følstad, T. Araujo, S.Papadopoulos, E. Lai-Chong Law, O. Granmo, E. Luger % P. Brandtzaeg (Eds.), Chatbot Research
and Design: Third International Workshop (pp. 127-142). Springer.
Nass, C. & Moon, Y. (2000). Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to Computers. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00153
Nissenbaum, H. (2004). Privacy as Contextual Integrity. Washington Law Review, 79(1), 119-157. https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4450&context=wlr
Neururer, M., Schögl, S., Brinkschulte, L. & Groth, A. (2018). Perceptions on Authenticity in Chat Bots. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2030060
Nordberg, O., Dugstad, J., Sektnan, E., Flobak, E., Nordgreen, T., Kumar, S. y Guribye, F. (2020). Designing Chatbots for Guiding Online Peer Support Conversations for Adults with ADHD. In A.
Følstad, T. Araujo, S. Papadopoulos, E. Lai-Chong Law, O. Granmo, E. Luger & P. Brandtzaeg (Eds.), Chatbot Research and Design: Third International Workshop (pp. 113-126). Springer.
Pulman, S., Boye, J., Cavazza, M., Smith, C. & de La Cámara, R. (2010). How was your day? Proceedings of the 2010 Workshop on Companionable Dialogue Systems ACL, 37-42. https://aclanthology.org/W10-2707.pdf
Rouvroy, A. (2008). Privacy, data protection, and the unprecedented challenges of ambient intelligence.Studies in ethics, law, and technology, 2(1), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.2202/1941-6008.1001
Sağlam, R., & Nurse, J. (2020). Is your chatbot GDPR compliant? Open issues in agent design.Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (pp. 1-3). https://doi.org/10.1145/3405755.3406131
Satzger, B., Endres, M. & Kießling, W. (2006). A Preference-Based Recommender System. In K.Bauknecht, B. Pröll & H. Werthner (Eds.), E-Commerce and Web Technologies: 7th International Conference (pp. 31-40). Springer.
Shechtman, N., & Horowitz, L. (2003). Media inequality in conversation: how people behave differently when interacting with computers and people. CHI ‘03: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 281-288). https://doi.org/10.1145/642611.642661
Skinner, G., Han, S., & Chang, E. (2006). An information privacy taxonomy for collaborative environments. Information management & computer security, 14(4), 382-394.
Smith, H. J., Milberg, S. J., & Burke, S. J. (1996). Information privacy: Measuring individuals’ concerns about organizational practices. MIS quarterly, 167-196.
Solove, D. J. (2006). A Taxonomy of Privacy. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 154(3), 477-564. https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/pnlr154§ion=20
Solvan. (12 de marzo de 2018). Chatbot, asistente virtual y agente conversacional. Solvan. https://solvanweb.com.mx/chatbot-asistente-virtual-y-agente-conversacional
Väänänen, K., Hiltunen, A., Varsaluoma, J. y Pietilä, I. (2020). CivicBots – Chatbots for Supporting Youth in Societal Participation. In A. Følstad, T. Araujo, S. Papadopoulos, E. Lai-Chong Law, O. Granmo,
E. Luger & P. Brandtzaeg (Eds.), Chatbot Research and Design: Third International Workshop, CONVERSATIONS 2019 Amsterdam (pp. 143-157). Springer.
Von der Pütten, A. M., Krämer, N., Gratch, J., & Kang, S. (2010). It doesn’t matter what you are! Explaining social effects of agents and avatars. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.012
Warren, S., & Brandeis, L. D. (1890). The right to privacy. Harvard Law Review, 4, 193-220. West, M., Kraut, R., & Chew, H. (2019). I’d blush if I could: closing gender divides in digital skills through education. UNESCO.
Wilks, Y. (2010). Is a Companion a distinctive kind of relationship with a machine? Proceedings of the 2010 Workshop on Companionable Dialogue Systems, 13-18. https://aclanthology.org/W10-2703.pdf
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