Prevalence of Depressive Disorder, Perceived Stress and their Associated Factors in Undergraduate Medical Students at the University of Caldas

Resumen

Objetivo: examinar la presencia de depresión, estrés percibido y los factores asociados en una muestra de estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Caldas - Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal, cuantitativo, descriptivo, realizado con 211 estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de Caldas, en Manizales - Colombia en el año 2018. Los participantes respondieron tres instrumentos de autoinforme: cuestionario sobre variables demográficas y clínicas, el inventario de depresión de Beck y la escala de estrés percibido. Los análisis estadísticos fueron realizados utilizando la prueba de chi-cuadrado y un modelo de regresión logística binaria. Resultados: 63% de los participantes tuvo algún grado de depresión. El 17% presentó depresión grave.
Se encontraron como factores de riesgo con asociación estadísticamente significativa la percepción elevada de estrés OR: 18,7 (IC 95% 4,4 - 80), la percepción de un mal estado de salud OR: 6,7 (IC 95% 2,7 - 16,7), pasar tiempo solo OR: 4,2 (IC 95% 1,4 - 12,8), el sexo femenino OR: 4,2 (IC 95% 2,2 - 7,9) y los antecedentes familiares de suicidio o de intentos de suicidio OR: 3,5 (IC 95% 1,6 - 7,7). Conclusiones: se encontró una alta prevalencia de depresión en los estudiantes de medicina, asociado principalmente a los altos niveles de estrés percibido, por lo cual es necesario implementar medidas adicionales encaminadas al manejo de la depresión y del estrés. En futuras investigaciones se requiere conocer las estrategias de afrontamiento que tienen los estudiantes para manejar el estrés y las variaciones en el estado de ánimo.

Palabras clave

Estudiantes de medicina

depresión

estrés

adaptación psicológica

factores de riesgo

Citas

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