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Manrique-Corredor EJ. Factores biopsicosociales asociados a la desnutrición en menores de 5 años: revisión del estado del arte. Hacia Promoc. Salud [Internet]. 1 de septiembre de 2024 [citado 7 de junio de 2025];29(3):105-16. Disponible en: https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/hacialapromociondelasalud/article/view/10462
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Edwar Javier Manrique-Corredor
Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
Resumen
Introducción: los países menos desarrollados presentan niveles significativamente más altos de retraso en el crecimiento en niños menores de cinco años y anemia en mujeres de 15 a 49 años; en 2022, el retraso en el crecimiento afectó al 22,3 % de los niños menores de cinco años en todo el mundo. Objetivo: actualizar el conocimiento y el estado del arte de los factores biopsicosociales asociados con la desnutrición en menores de cinco años. Metodología: se buscaron artículos científicos en español e inglés que describieran los factores asociados con la desnutrición en las bases de datos Medline, Embase y ScienceDirect. Resultados: se seleccionaron un total de 81 estudios, de los cuales el 80,25 % eran estudios observacionales transversales. La inseguridad alimentaria es un factor que afecta la salud infantil. Mejorar la educación materna tiene efectos positivos en la nutrición de los menores de cinco años. Discusión: los niños que sufren de desnutrición se vuelven letárgicos y pasivos, y se les priva de la estimulación necesaria para su adecuado desarrollo mental y social. Conclusión: entender la multicausalidad de la desnutrición en niños menores de cinco años es necesario para mejorar el capital humano en las comunidades.
Citas
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2. Betebo B, Ejajo T, Alemseged F, Massa D. Household Food Insecurity and Its Association with Nutritional Status of Children 6–59 Months of Age in East Badawacho District, South Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2017;2017:1-17.
3. Akter T, Hoque DME, Chowdhury EK, Rahman M, Russell M, Arifeen SE. Is there any association between parental education and child mortality? A study in a rural area of Bangladesh. Public health. 2015;129(12):1602-9.
4. Chowdhury MRK, Rahman MS, Khan MMH, Mondal MNI, Rahman MM, Billah B. Risk factors for child malnutrition in Bangladesh: a multilevel analysis of a nationwide population-based survey. The Journal of pediatrics. 2016;172:194-201.
5. Wagstaff A. Socioeconomic inequalities in child mortality: comparisons across nine developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2000;78:19-29.
6. Janevic T, Petrovic O, Bjelic I, Kubera A. Risk factors for childhood malnutrition in Roma settlements in Serbia. BMC Public Health. diciembre de 2010;10(1):509.
7. Endris N, Asefa H, Dube L. Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Children in Rural Ethiopia. BioMed Research International. 2017;2017:1-6.
8. Ahsan S, Mansoori N, Mohiuddin SM, Mubeen SM, Saleem R, Irfanullah M. Frequency and determinants of malnutrition in children aged between 6 to 59 months in district Tharparkar, a rural area of Sindh. J Pak Med Assoc. septiembre de 2017;67(9):1369-73.
9. Johri M, Subramanian SV, Koné GK, Dudeja S, Chandra D, Minoyan N, et al. Maternal Health Literacy Is Associated with Early Childhood Nutritional Status in India. J Nutr. julio de 2016;146(7):1402-10. 10. FAO, FIDA, OMS, PMA, UNICEF. El estado de la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición en el mundo 2023 [Internet]. Roma:FAO; 2023 [citado 15 de septiembre de 2024]. Disponible en: https://www.fao.org/agrifood-economics/publications/detail/
es/c/1655094/
11. Khattak UK, Iqbal SP, Ghazanfar H, kulsoom Khattak U. The role of parents’ literacy in malnutrition of children under the age of five years in a semi-urban community of Pakistan: a case-control study. Cureus [Internet]. 2017 [citado 19 de enero de 2024];9(6). Disponible en: https://www.cureus.com/articles/6784-the-role-of-parents-literacy-in-malnutrition-of-childrenunder- the-age-of-five-years-in-a-semi-urban-community-of-pakistan-a-case-control-study.pdf
12. Gewa CA, Yandell N. Undernutrition among Kenyan children: contribution of child, maternal and household factors. Public health nutrition. 2012;15(6):1029-38.
13. Ali SS, Karim N, Billoo AG, Haider SS. Association of literacy of mothers with malnutrition among children under three years of age in rural area of district Malir, Karachi. children. 2005;9(10):550-3.
14. Tang W, Mu Y, Li X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Li Q, et al. Low birthweight in China: evidence from 441 health facilities between 2012 and 2014. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2016;30(16):1997-2002.
15. Travers KD. The social organization of nutritional inequities. Social Science & Medicine. 1996;43(4):543-53.
16. Agbadi P, Urke HB, Mittelmark MB. Household food security and adequacy of child diet in the food insecure region north in Ghana. PloS one. 2017;12(5):e0177377.
17. Frongillo EA, Suresh S, Thapa DK, Cunningham K, Pandey Rana P, Adhikari RP, et al. Impact of Suaahara , an integrated nutrition programme, on maternal and child nutrition at scale in Nepal. Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2024;e13630:1-14.
18. Ferreira HDS, Albuquerque GT, Santos TRD, Barbosa RDL, Cavalcante AL, Duarte LEC, et al. Stunting and overweight among children in Northeast Brazil: prevalence, trends (1992-2005-2015) and associated risk factors from repeated crosssectional surveys. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):736.
19. Hannum E, Liu J, Frongillo EA. Poverty, food insecurity and nutritional deprivation in rural China: Implications for children’s literacy achievement. International journal of educational development. 2014;34:90-7.
20. Sinha A, McRoy RG, Berkman B, Sutherland M. Drivers of change: Examining the effects of gender equality on child nutrition. Children and Youth Services Review. 2017;76:203-12.
21. Green CM, Berkule SB, Dreyer BP, Fierman AH, Huberman HS, Klass PE, et al. Maternal literacy and associations between education and the cognitive home environment in low-income families. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine. 2009;163(9):832-7.
22. Hong R, Banta JE, Betancourt JA. Relationship between household wealth inequality and chronic childhood under-nutrition in Bangladesh. Int J Equity Health. diciembre de 2006;5(1):15.
23. Mellington N, Cameron L. Female Education and Child Mortality in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. diciembre de 1999;35(3):115-44.
24. Subramanyam MA, Kawachi I, Berkman LF, Subramanian SV. Is economic growth associated with reduction in child undernutrition in India? PLoS medicine. 2011;8(3):e1000424.
25. Vollmer S, Harttgen K, Subramanyam MA, Finlay J, Klasen S, Subramanian SV. Association between economic growth and early childhood undernutrition: evidence from 121 Demographic and Health Surveys from 36 low-income and middle-income countries. The lancet global health. 2014;2(4):e225-34.
26. Barrett H, Browne A. Health, hygiene and maternal education: Evidence from The Gambia. Social science & medicine.1996;43(11):1579-90.
27. Efevbera Y, Bhabha J, Farmer PE, Fink G. Girl child marriage as a risk factor for early childhood development and stunting. Soc Sci Med. julio de 2017;185:91-101.
28. Borkotoky K, Unisa S. Female education and its association with changes in socio-demographic behaviour: evidence from India. Journal of Biosocial Science. 2015;47(5):687-706.
29. Frost MB, Forste R, Haas DW. Maternal education and child nutritional status in Bolivia: finding the links. Soc Sci Med. enero de 2005;60(2):395-407.
30. Muche A, Dewau R. Severe stunting and its associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia; multilevel ordinal logistic regression model. Ital J Pediatr. diciembre de 2021;47(1):161.
31. Caldwell J, McDonald P. Influence of maternal education on infant and child mortality: levels and causes. Health policy and education. 1982;2(3-4):251-67.
32. Wachs TD, Creed-Kanashiro H, Cueto S, Jacoby E. Maternal education and intelligence predict offspring diet and nutritional status. The Journal of nutrition. 2005;135(9):2179-86.
33. Owoaje E, Onifade O, Desmennu A. Family and socioeconomic risk factors for undernutrition among children aged 6 to 23 Months in Ibadan, Nigeria. The Pan African medical journal. 2014;17(161):904-14.
34. Ferguson B. Health literacy and health disparities: the role they play in maternal and child health. Nurs Womens Health. agosto de 2008;12(4):286-98.
35. Aslam M, Kingdon GG. Parental Education and Child Health—Understanding the Pathways of Impact in Pakistan. World Development. 1 de octubre de 2012;40(10):2014-32.
36. Barroso CS, Roncancio A, Moramarco MW, Hinojosa MB, Davila YR, Mendias E, et al. Food security, maternal feeding practices and child weight-for-length. Applied Nursing Research. 2016;29:31-6.
37. Ruel MT, Habicht JP, Pinstrup-Andersen P, Gröhn Y. The mediating effect of maternal nutrition knowledge on the association between maternal schooling and child nutritional status in Lesotho. American journal of epidemiology. 1992;135(8):904-14.
38. Alderman H, Headey DD. How important is parental education for child nutrition? World development. 2017;94:448-64.
39. Melesse MB. The effect of women’s nutrition knowledge and empowerment on child nutrition outcomes in rural Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics. 2021;52(6):883-99.
40. Smith-Greenaway E. Mothers’ reading skills and child survival in Nigeria: examining the relevance of mothers’ decisionmaking power. Social science & medicine. 2013;97:152-60.
41. Shroff M, Griffiths P, Adair L, Suchindran C, Bentley M. Maternal autonomy is inversely related to child stunting in Andhra Pradesh, India. Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2009;5(1):64-74.
42. Emina JB, Kandala NB, Inungu J, Ye Y. The effect of maternal education on child nutritional status in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Nairobi, Kenya: African Population and Health Research Center. 2009;
43. Budhathoki SS, Bhandari A, Gurung R, Gurung A, Kc A. Stunting Among Under 5-Year-Olds in Nepal: Trends and Risk Factors. Matern Child Health J. 2020;24(S1):39-47.
44. Carlson GJ, Kordas K, Murray-Kolb LE. Associations between women’s autonomy and child nutritional status: a review of the literature. Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2015;11(4):452-82.
45. Victora CG, Adair L, Fall C, Hallal PC, Martorell R, Richter L, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult
health and human capital. Lancet. 2008;371(9609):340-57.
46. Blankenship JL, Gwavuya S, Palaniappan U, Alfred J, deBrum F, Erasmus W. High double burden of child stunting and maternal overweight in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2020;16(S2):e12832.
47. Gupta R, Shukla D, Mishra A, Bansal M, Mungi S. Prevalence and predictors of undernutrition among under-5 children in slum of Gwalior city. Indian Journal of Community Health. 2020;32(3):540-7.
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