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Sánchez Montenegro, J. P., Pérez Castillo, K., Garcés Restrepo, M. F., & Giraldo, A. (2017). Ensamble de aves asociado a dos unidades de paisaje en un bosque seco tropical. Boletín Científico Centro De Museos Museo De Historia Natural, 21(2), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2017.21.2.8
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La transformación de los ecosistemas por la actividad humana puede llegar a afectar los procesos biológicos y ecológicos de las especies de aves, incluso puede conllevar a que grupos de especies queden aisladas por matrices de desforestación, causando disminución en la diversidad genética y extirpaciones. Con el propósito de evaluar la composición y estructura de la comunidad de aves asociadas al ecosistema de bosque seco tropical en la vereda Guarinocito (La Victoria, Caldas), se identificaron dos unidades de paisaje: zona boscosa (matriz de bosque seco) y zona intervenida (matriz de terrenos), que presentan intervención humana, como carretera y sistemas de pastizales. En cada unidad se establecieron puntos de conteo de 10 minutos de duración en donde se realizaron censos de aves entre las 06:00 - 09:00 horas y entre las 16:00 - 18:00 horas, y se dispusieron redes de niebla para complementar el registro de especies. Se realizaron tres jornadas de muestreo con una duración de cuatro días durante abril de 2013, noviembre de 2013 y octubre de 2014 para incorporar la variación climática estacional que afecta las condiciones ambientales de la zona de estudio. Se evaluó la representatividad del muestreo mediante el uso de estimadores no paramétricos. Todos los individuos observados o capturados fueron asignados a un gremio trófico con el objetivo de evaluar la estructura de la comunidad entre las unidades de paisaje establecidas. Se registraron 1005 individuos de 36 familias y 127 especies, siendo Thraupis episcopus (7,36%), Sicalis flaveola (6,77%) las especies más abundantes. La representatividad del muestreo estuvo entre el 68,18% (Jack 2) y el 86,03% (Bootstrap). No se detectaron diferencias significativas en la diversidad entre las dos unidades de paisaje (THutchinson=1,59; p = 0,81), sin embargo la diversidad de especie fue mayor en la zona boscosa que en la zona intervenida. El gremio trófico dominante en ambas unidades de paisaje fue el de las aves insectívoras. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la estructura trófica de la comunidad de aves entre las dos unidades de paisaje (X 2 =14,60; p=0,33). El tamaño, forma o historia de intervención de los fragmentos puede estar generando que no exista diferencia en estructura y composición en la avifauna en las diferentes unidades del paisaje.
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HUTCHESON, K., 1970.- A test for comparing diversities based on the Shannon formula. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 29: 151-154.
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MARINARO, S., GRAU, H.R., MACCHI, L. & ZELAYA, P.V., 2014.- Land tenure and biological communities in dry Chaco forests of northern Argentina. Journal of Arid Environments, 123: 60-67.
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