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Fecha Publicación: 2007-06-15
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Romero Peñuela, M. H. ., & Sánchez Valencia, J. A. . (2007). El diagnóstico de la leishmaniasis visceral canina (Leishmania infantum). Revista Veterinaria Y Zootecnia (On Line), 1(1), 51–59. Recuperado a partir de https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/vetzootec/article/view/5811
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RESUMEN: La Leishmaniasis Visceral (LV) es una enfermedad infecciosa de evolución crónica, causada por un protozoario Leishmania infantum, que afecta al hombre y a los caninos; es transmitida principalmente por la picadura del vector Lutzomyia longipalpis, con incriminación de Lutzomyia evansi en partes de Colombia y Venezuela. El perro actúa como el principal reservorio doméstico del parásito en todo el mundo, haciendo parte del ciclo epidemiológico de transmisión humana. Dada la importancia epidemiológica de los caninos en el control de la LV y la necesidad de determinar el impacto real de la infección en las zonas endémicas, es fundamental el empleo de pruebas diagnósticas eficientes, que no subestimen la incidencia, ni la prevalencia de la enfermedad, y que permitan además obtener resultados confiables, que minimicen las reacciones falsas positivas y la reacción cruzada con otros parásitos relacionados. El presente artículo revisa las técnicas diagnósticas para la Leishmaniasis Visceral Canina (LVC) y establece de forma general algunas prioridades de investigación y desarrollo en esta área.
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Abdeen, Z.A.; Sawalha, S.; Eisenberger, C. et al. Epidemiology of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Jenin District, West Bank: 1989-1998. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.66, n.4, p.329-333, 2002.
Aisa, J., Castellejo, S., Gallego, M. et al. Diagnostic potencial of western blot analysis of sera from dogs with Leishmaniasis in endemic areas and significance of the pattern, Am. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.58, n.2, p.154-159, 1998.
Alexandre, W & Dias, P. Reflexõnes sobre a quealidade do diagnòstico da leishmaniose visceral canina em inquéritos epidemiológicos: o caso da epidemia de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 1993-1997. Cad Saúde Publica, n.20, p.259-265, 2004.
Alves, W.A.; Bevilacqua, P.D. Quality of diagnosis of canine visceral Leishmaniasis in epidemiological surveys: an epidemic in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 1993-1997, Cad. Saude Pública, v.20 n.1, p.259-265, 2004.
Bastrenta, B, Mita, N., Buitrago, R. et al. Human mixed infections of Leishmania spp. and Leishmania- Trypanosoma cruzi in a Sub Andean Bolivian Area: identification by Polymerasa Chain Reaction/ Hybridization and Isoenzyme. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, v.98, n.2, p.255-264, 2003.
Bernardina, W.E.; De Luna, R.; Oliva, G. et al. An immunodifusion assay for the detection of canine leishmaniosis due to infection with Leishmania infantum. Veterinary Parasitology, n.73, p.207-213, 1997.
Binhazim A.; Chpman Jr.; Shin S. et al. Determination of virulence and pathogenesis of canine strain of Leishmania leishmania infantum in hamsters and dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.54, p.113-120, 1993
Braz, R.; Nascimento, E.; Martins D. et al. The sensitivity and specificity of Leishmania chagasi recombinant k39 antigen in the diagnosis of American Visceral Leishmaniasis and in differentiating active from subclinical infection. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.67, n.4, p.344- 348, 2002.
Cabrera, M.A.; Paula, A.; Camacho, L.A., et al. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Assesment of risk factors. Rev. Institute Medicine Tropical Sao Paulo, v.45, n.2, n.79-83, 2003.
Ciaramella, P.; Oliva, G.; De Luna R. et al. A retrospective clinical study of canine leishmaniosis in 150 dogs naturally infecred by Leishmania infantum. Veterinary record, v.141, p.539-543, 1997.
Courtenay, O. ; Rupert, J. ; Quinnell, L. et al. Infectiousness in a Cohort of Brazilian dogs: Why culling fails to control visceral leishmaniasis in areas of high transmission. The Journal of Infectious diseases, n.186, p.1314-20, 2002.
De Paula, A.; Da Silva, A.; Fernades, O. et al. The use of immunoblot analysis in the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic área of Rio de Janeiro. Journal of Parasitology, n.89, p.832-836, 2003.
Do Rosário, E.; Generao, O.; Franca-Silva, M. et al. Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using crude Leishmania and recombinant antigens as a diagnostic marker for canine visceral leishmaniasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, v.100, n.2, p.197-203, 2005.
Fernández J.; Charry T.; Bello F. et al. Prevalencia de Leishmaniosis Visceral canina en municipios de Huila Colombia. Rev. Salud pública, v.4, n.3, p.278-285, 2002.
Fernández-Pérez F.J.; Méndez S.; De La Fuente C. et al. Short report: Improved diagnosis and follow-up of canine Leishmaniasis using amastigote-based indirect immunofluorescence. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.61, n.4, p.652- 653, 1999.
Ferroglio, F.; Centaro E.; Mignone, W. et al. Evaluation o fan ELISA rapad device for the serological diagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection in dog as compared with immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. Veterinary Parasitology, v.144, p.162-166, 2007.
Gradoni, L. The diagnosis of canine Leishmaniasis. In: From canine Leishmaniasis; an update. Proceedings of a canine Leishmaniasis. Forum, 2002.
Guhl, S. & Nicholls, S. Manual de procedimientos para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Chagas. 1. ed. Bogotá, Colombia: Organización Mundial de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de Colombia, Instituto Nacional de Salud y Universidad de los Andes. 2001. 98p.
Iniesta, L.; Fernández-Barredo S.; Bulle B. et al. Diagnostic techniques to detect Cryptic Leishmaniasis in dogs. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, v.9, n.5, p.1137-1141, 2002.
Lachaud L.; Marchergui-Hammami S.; Chabbert E. et al. Comparison of six PCR methods using peripheral blood for detection of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, v.40, n.1, p. 210- 215, 2001.
Lauricella, M.A.; Castanera, M.B.; Gürtler, R.E. et al. Immunodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas Disease) Infection in Naturally Infected Dogs. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, v.93, n.4, p.501-507, 1998.
Maalej, I.; Chenik, M.; Louzir, H. et al. Comparative evaluation of ELISAS based on ten recombinant or purified Leishmania antigens for the serodiagnosis of mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.68, n.3, p.312-330, 2003.
Marzochi, M.C.; Marzochi, K.B.F. Tegumentary and Visceral Leishmaniases in Brazil-Emerging Anthropozoonosis and Possibilities for their control. Cad. Saude Pública, v.10, p.359-375, 1994 (Suppl. 2).
Mettler, M.; Grimm, F.; Capelli G. et al. Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays an immunofluorescente-antibody test, and two rapid tests (immunochoromatographic-dipstick and gel tests) for serological diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic Leishmania infections in dogs. Journal of clinical microbiology, v.43, n.11, p.5515-5518, 2005.
Miles, M.A.; Vexenat, J.A. Canine Leishmaniasis in Latin America: control strategies for visceral leishmaniasis. In: Forum Barcelona. Memorias…, Intervet, p.46- 53,1999.
Moreira, M.A.B.; Luvizotto, M.C.R.; Garcia J.F. et al. Comparison of parasitological, immunological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of Leishmaniasis in dogs with different clinical signs. Veterinary parasitology, v.145, p.245-252, 2007.
Palatnik-De-Sousa, C.B.; Wania R., Franca-Silva et al. Impact of canine control on the epidemiology of canine and human visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil. The American Society of Tropical Medicne and Higiene, v.65, n.5, p.510-517, 2001.
Pinelli, E.; Killick-Kendrick R.; Wagenaar J. et al. Cellular and Humoral immune responses in dogs experimentally and naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. Infection and immunity, Jan, p.229-235, 1994.
Reithinger, R. & Davies, C. Is the domestic dog (canis familiaris) a reservoir host of American cutaneous Leishmaniasis?Acritical review of the current evidence. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.61, n.4, p.530-541, 1999.
Riera, C.; Valladares, JE; Gallego, M. et al. Serological and parasitological follow-up in dogs experimentally infected with Leishmania infantum and treated with meglumine antimoniate. Veterinary Parasitology, v.84, p.33-47, 1999.
Romero, M.H. Comparación de pruebas serológicas para el diagnóstico de la Leishmaniasis visceral canina en sueros procedentes de municipios endémicos del departamento del Tolima. Ibagué, Colombia: Universidad del Tolima, 2006. 85p. Tesis. (Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas).
Savani, E.; Schimonsky B.V; Camargo, O.M.C. et al. Surveillance of American visceral Leishmaniasis in dogs from a non-endemic area, Brazil. Revista Saude Pública, v. 37, n. 2, p.260-262, 2003.
Solano-Gallego, L.; Morell, P.; Arboix, M. et al. Prevalence of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs living in an area of canine Leishmaniasis endemicity using PCR on several tissues and serology. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Feb, p.560-563, 2001.
Travi, B. Un enfoque integral al estudio de animales reservorios, con énfasis en las Leishmaniosis del Nuevo mundo. MEDICAS UIS, 12:p.311-315, 1998.
Travi, B.; Tabares, C.; Cadena, H. et al. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Colombia: relationship between clinical and parasitologic status and infectivity for sand flies. The Amercian Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 643,4:119-124, 2001.
Vargas, J.J. 2005. Inmunodiagnóstico de la leishmaniosis visceral zoonótica en caninos infectados con Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi. Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2005. 97p. Tesis. (Maestría en Microbiología).
Vega, J.C.; López, M.C.; Vargas, J.J. et al. Estandarización de la prueba de ELISA para el inmunodiagnóstico de la Leishmaiosis visceral canina. In: Agudelo C. eds. I Encuentro de Investigadores en Salud Pública de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá: Instituto de Salud Pública, p.80-90,2003.
Vercammen, F., Fernández-Pérez F.J.; Amo C. et al. Follow-up of Leishmania infantum naturally infected dogs treated with allopurinol: immunofluorescence antibody test, ELISA and Western blot. Acta Tropica, n.84, p.175-181, 2002.
Aisa, J., Castellejo, S., Gallego, M. et al. Diagnostic potencial of western blot analysis of sera from dogs with Leishmaniasis in endemic areas and significance of the pattern, Am. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.58, n.2, p.154-159, 1998.
Alexandre, W & Dias, P. Reflexõnes sobre a quealidade do diagnòstico da leishmaniose visceral canina em inquéritos epidemiológicos: o caso da epidemia de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 1993-1997. Cad Saúde Publica, n.20, p.259-265, 2004.
Alves, W.A.; Bevilacqua, P.D. Quality of diagnosis of canine visceral Leishmaniasis in epidemiological surveys: an epidemic in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 1993-1997, Cad. Saude Pública, v.20 n.1, p.259-265, 2004.
Bastrenta, B, Mita, N., Buitrago, R. et al. Human mixed infections of Leishmania spp. and Leishmania- Trypanosoma cruzi in a Sub Andean Bolivian Area: identification by Polymerasa Chain Reaction/ Hybridization and Isoenzyme. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, v.98, n.2, p.255-264, 2003.
Bernardina, W.E.; De Luna, R.; Oliva, G. et al. An immunodifusion assay for the detection of canine leishmaniosis due to infection with Leishmania infantum. Veterinary Parasitology, n.73, p.207-213, 1997.
Binhazim A.; Chpman Jr.; Shin S. et al. Determination of virulence and pathogenesis of canine strain of Leishmania leishmania infantum in hamsters and dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.54, p.113-120, 1993
Braz, R.; Nascimento, E.; Martins D. et al. The sensitivity and specificity of Leishmania chagasi recombinant k39 antigen in the diagnosis of American Visceral Leishmaniasis and in differentiating active from subclinical infection. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.67, n.4, p.344- 348, 2002.
Cabrera, M.A.; Paula, A.; Camacho, L.A., et al. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Assesment of risk factors. Rev. Institute Medicine Tropical Sao Paulo, v.45, n.2, n.79-83, 2003.
Ciaramella, P.; Oliva, G.; De Luna R. et al. A retrospective clinical study of canine leishmaniosis in 150 dogs naturally infecred by Leishmania infantum. Veterinary record, v.141, p.539-543, 1997.
Courtenay, O. ; Rupert, J. ; Quinnell, L. et al. Infectiousness in a Cohort of Brazilian dogs: Why culling fails to control visceral leishmaniasis in areas of high transmission. The Journal of Infectious diseases, n.186, p.1314-20, 2002.
De Paula, A.; Da Silva, A.; Fernades, O. et al. The use of immunoblot analysis in the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic área of Rio de Janeiro. Journal of Parasitology, n.89, p.832-836, 2003.
Do Rosário, E.; Generao, O.; Franca-Silva, M. et al. Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using crude Leishmania and recombinant antigens as a diagnostic marker for canine visceral leishmaniasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, v.100, n.2, p.197-203, 2005.
Fernández J.; Charry T.; Bello F. et al. Prevalencia de Leishmaniosis Visceral canina en municipios de Huila Colombia. Rev. Salud pública, v.4, n.3, p.278-285, 2002.
Fernández-Pérez F.J.; Méndez S.; De La Fuente C. et al. Short report: Improved diagnosis and follow-up of canine Leishmaniasis using amastigote-based indirect immunofluorescence. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.61, n.4, p.652- 653, 1999.
Ferroglio, F.; Centaro E.; Mignone, W. et al. Evaluation o fan ELISA rapad device for the serological diagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection in dog as compared with immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. Veterinary Parasitology, v.144, p.162-166, 2007.
Gradoni, L. The diagnosis of canine Leishmaniasis. In: From canine Leishmaniasis; an update. Proceedings of a canine Leishmaniasis. Forum, 2002.
Guhl, S. & Nicholls, S. Manual de procedimientos para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Chagas. 1. ed. Bogotá, Colombia: Organización Mundial de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de Colombia, Instituto Nacional de Salud y Universidad de los Andes. 2001. 98p.
Iniesta, L.; Fernández-Barredo S.; Bulle B. et al. Diagnostic techniques to detect Cryptic Leishmaniasis in dogs. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, v.9, n.5, p.1137-1141, 2002.
Lachaud L.; Marchergui-Hammami S.; Chabbert E. et al. Comparison of six PCR methods using peripheral blood for detection of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, v.40, n.1, p. 210- 215, 2001.
Lauricella, M.A.; Castanera, M.B.; Gürtler, R.E. et al. Immunodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas Disease) Infection in Naturally Infected Dogs. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, v.93, n.4, p.501-507, 1998.
Maalej, I.; Chenik, M.; Louzir, H. et al. Comparative evaluation of ELISAS based on ten recombinant or purified Leishmania antigens for the serodiagnosis of mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.68, n.3, p.312-330, 2003.
Marzochi, M.C.; Marzochi, K.B.F. Tegumentary and Visceral Leishmaniases in Brazil-Emerging Anthropozoonosis and Possibilities for their control. Cad. Saude Pública, v.10, p.359-375, 1994 (Suppl. 2).
Mettler, M.; Grimm, F.; Capelli G. et al. Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays an immunofluorescente-antibody test, and two rapid tests (immunochoromatographic-dipstick and gel tests) for serological diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic Leishmania infections in dogs. Journal of clinical microbiology, v.43, n.11, p.5515-5518, 2005.
Miles, M.A.; Vexenat, J.A. Canine Leishmaniasis in Latin America: control strategies for visceral leishmaniasis. In: Forum Barcelona. Memorias…, Intervet, p.46- 53,1999.
Moreira, M.A.B.; Luvizotto, M.C.R.; Garcia J.F. et al. Comparison of parasitological, immunological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of Leishmaniasis in dogs with different clinical signs. Veterinary parasitology, v.145, p.245-252, 2007.
Palatnik-De-Sousa, C.B.; Wania R., Franca-Silva et al. Impact of canine control on the epidemiology of canine and human visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil. The American Society of Tropical Medicne and Higiene, v.65, n.5, p.510-517, 2001.
Pinelli, E.; Killick-Kendrick R.; Wagenaar J. et al. Cellular and Humoral immune responses in dogs experimentally and naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. Infection and immunity, Jan, p.229-235, 1994.
Reithinger, R. & Davies, C. Is the domestic dog (canis familiaris) a reservoir host of American cutaneous Leishmaniasis?Acritical review of the current evidence. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.61, n.4, p.530-541, 1999.
Riera, C.; Valladares, JE; Gallego, M. et al. Serological and parasitological follow-up in dogs experimentally infected with Leishmania infantum and treated with meglumine antimoniate. Veterinary Parasitology, v.84, p.33-47, 1999.
Romero, M.H. Comparación de pruebas serológicas para el diagnóstico de la Leishmaniasis visceral canina en sueros procedentes de municipios endémicos del departamento del Tolima. Ibagué, Colombia: Universidad del Tolima, 2006. 85p. Tesis. (Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas).
Savani, E.; Schimonsky B.V; Camargo, O.M.C. et al. Surveillance of American visceral Leishmaniasis in dogs from a non-endemic area, Brazil. Revista Saude Pública, v. 37, n. 2, p.260-262, 2003.
Solano-Gallego, L.; Morell, P.; Arboix, M. et al. Prevalence of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs living in an area of canine Leishmaniasis endemicity using PCR on several tissues and serology. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Feb, p.560-563, 2001.
Travi, B. Un enfoque integral al estudio de animales reservorios, con énfasis en las Leishmaniosis del Nuevo mundo. MEDICAS UIS, 12:p.311-315, 1998.
Travi, B.; Tabares, C.; Cadena, H. et al. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Colombia: relationship between clinical and parasitologic status and infectivity for sand flies. The Amercian Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 643,4:119-124, 2001.
Vargas, J.J. 2005. Inmunodiagnóstico de la leishmaniosis visceral zoonótica en caninos infectados con Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi. Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2005. 97p. Tesis. (Maestría en Microbiología).
Vega, J.C.; López, M.C.; Vargas, J.J. et al. Estandarización de la prueba de ELISA para el inmunodiagnóstico de la Leishmaiosis visceral canina. In: Agudelo C. eds. I Encuentro de Investigadores en Salud Pública de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá: Instituto de Salud Pública, p.80-90,2003.
Vercammen, F., Fernández-Pérez F.J.; Amo C. et al. Follow-up of Leishmania infantum naturally infected dogs treated with allopurinol: immunofluorescence antibody test, ELISA and Western blot. Acta Tropica, n.84, p.175-181, 2002.
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