New national and regional bryophyte records, 47

L. T. Ellis1, M. Alataş2, A. K. Asthana3, K. K. Rawat3, V. Sahu3, A. Srivastava3, V. A. Bakalin4,5, N. Batan6, H. Bednarek-Ochyra7, S. P. Bester8, E. A. Borovichev9,10, D. De Beer11, J. Enroth12, P. Erzberger13, V. E. Fedosov14, C. Feuillet-Hurtado15, S. R. Gradstein16, N. J. M. Gremmen17, L. Hedenäs18, T. Katagiri19, T. Yamaguchi19, M. Lebouvier20, D. Maity21, A. Mesterházy22, F. Müller23, R. Natcheva24, Cs. Németh25, J. Opisso26, T. Özdemir27, H. Erata27, I. Parnikoza28, V. Plášek29, S. Sabovljević30, A. D. Sabovljević30, P. Saha31, Md Nehal Aziz31, W. Schröder32, J. Váňa33, J. van Rooy34, J. Wang35, Y.–J. Yoon36, J. H. Kim36

The specimen from Congo agrees in all details with material from central Europe. The material bears sporophytes with pale yellow setae, as is characteristic for the species.
Bryum tenuisetum is characterised by yellowish to orange, transparent spherical or slightly irregular rhizoidal tubers, 100-200 μm diam. with a more or less smooth outline (tuber cells not protruding), and leaves with a reddish tinge and that are distinctly denticulate in their upper third (similar to species of Pohlia Hedw., but costa distinctly excurrent in B. tenuisetum). It grows on wet sand or other moist soils poor in lime, but sometimes base-rich, near ditches, ponds, or wet depressions in arable fields (Erzberger & Schröder, 2013;Holyoak, 2014). The sites reported here correspond well to this ecological profile. The recent findings suggests that the species is under recorded in Hungary, since similar habitats can be found along nearly the entire length of the river Danube in nanocyperion vegetation, which develops when the water level is low for prolonged periods. However, this is a temporary condition, and is therefore not always prevalent.
In Europe, Bryum tenuisetum is predominantly distributed in northern and western countries (Hodgetts, 2015). However, the reported data may not reflect accurately the true distribution, since this small species is easily overlooked or confused with B. subapiculatum Hampe, and tuber-bearing Bryum species are not generally well studied throughout Europe. Among the countries surrounding Hungary, it has been found only in Austria, Slovakia, and the Ukraine (Erzberger & Schröder, 2013;Hodgetts, 2015). Outside Europe, the species occurs in Macaronesia and North America (Holyoak, 2014). B. tenuisetum is missing from the latest checklist of Hungarian bryophytes (Papp et al., 2010).
During revision of more than 2000 specimens of Bryum collected in Hungary, in the collection from 1930 cited above, a very few plants typical of B. tenuisetum (leaf shape, colour) were detected, in addition to some yellowish tubers in the substrate. However, since the material was extremely sparse, it was not considered a valid first record of B. tenuisetum in Hungary, and was therefore given the status of 'doubtfully recorded' (Erzberger & Schröder, 2013). With the recent detection of the species in the inundation area of the Danube, B. tenuisetum is definitely established as a member of the Hungarian bryoflora.
Bucklandiella heterostichoides has the main centre of its occurrence in southern South America where it predominantly occurs in Última Esperanza, Magallanes, and Antártica Chilena Provinces of the XII Región Magallanes of Chile. Its range covers the Chilean and Argentinian parts of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, as well as southern and western Patagonia (Roivainen, 1955;Matteri, 1985;Matteri & Schiavone, 2002). In addition, the species is known from the highest elevations in the Falkland Islands  and Müller (2009) reported it from a disjunct northernmost station in Llanquihue Province in the X Región Los Lagos in Chile, at lat. ca 41°06 ′ S. Herein, this species is recorded for the first time from Coyhaique Province in the XI Región Aysén at lat. 45°41 ′ S and this locality nicely bridges the main centre of occurrence of B. heterostichoides in the XII Región Magallanes with isolated stations in the X Región Los Lagos.
Owing to a superficial similarity with species of Hypnum Hedw. often growing in the same habitat, Callicladium haldanianum can easily be overlooked. It is readily identified by its leaves with strikingly large alar cells, which form conspicuous auricles. In Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske, which also has a very distinct group of large alar cells, the leaves are rounded at their tip, whereas C. haldanianum has acute to acuminate leaves with short cells in the apex. In addition, in C. cuspidata the tips of stems and branches are pointed and spear-like owing to the leaves being closely rolled up, whereas the leaves of C. haldanianum are slightly secund, similar to the leaves of Hygrohypnum luridum (Hedw.) Jenn., and do not form spear-like tips.
In a recent paper, Stebel (2013) reports on the distribution of Callicladium haldanianum in Poland and states an increase in the number of records since about 1990. Similar observations were made in the surroundings of Berlin (Klawitter, 1993;Meinunger & Schröder, 2007). This might imply a moderate spread of the species in suitable continental areas, and the possibility exists that it has arrived in Hungary about that time. The surroundings of lake Baláta, famous for the occurrence of Aldrovanda vesiculosa L., have been well explored by Hungarian bryologists in the twentieth century, e.g. according to his field diaries, Ádám Boros has visited it on more than ten occasions between 1922 and 1968 (Boros, 1915(Boros, -1971, and it is improbable that he would not have recognised the species. This also seems to suggest a later introduction. According to the latest checklist of African mosses (O'Shea, 2006), Campylopus perpusillus occurs throughout tropical and sub-tropical Africa as well as Madagascar. It is therefore not surprising that the species was found in Angola, where it grew as a greenish to yellowish-brown mat. The ecosystem is comprised of low Miombo woodland with deep and nutrient-poor Kalahari sands (Pröpper et al., 2015). The hyaline awns of the leaves are clearly visible through a hand lens or under a dissecting microscope. The species is also characterised by the absence of alar cells, narrow, weakly convolute leaves with obtuse apices and the costa in cross-section with dorsal stereid groups (Magill, 1981;Frahm, 1985 Cephaloziella verrucosa has an amphipacific southtemperatesubantarctic distribution pattern (Ochyra & Váň a, 1989;Bednarek-Ochyra et al., 2000). It was described from southernmost South America by different authors under three different names: Cephaloziella serrata Steph., C. hispidisima R.M.Schust. and C. gemmata J.J.Engel; all three names were synonymised with C. verrucosa by Váň a et al., 2014; further C. aspericaulis S.W.Arnell in sched., and probably also C. subpapillosa Herzog (type missing) belong here. The present distribution of this species includes Chile, especially the provinces of Valparaiso (regions Petorca and San Antonio), Aisén (reg. Aisén), and Magallanes (reg. Magallanes, Ultima Esperanza, Tierra del Fuego, and Antártica Chileana); Argentina (Tierra del Fuego), Falkland Islands, South Georgia, South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands, and South Island of New Zealand (Bednarek-Ochyra et al., 2000;Engel & Glenny, 2008;Hässel de Menéndez & Rubies, 2009).
Until now, this species was unknown from the subantarctic and temperate islands in the eastern southern hemisphere (Grolle, 2002). The present record from one locality in Marion Island represents the first report for the subantarctic islands in the eastern southern hemisphere; in the western southern hemisphere it is known from South Georgia and two archipelagos in the maritime Antarctic zone (see above). 2014, leg. K. Santos, I. J. Diogo & G. Nobre 4433 (EAC, PC, S).
Cheilolejeunea ovalis is a neotropical species that has been recorded from the mountains of Central America (Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama), the northern Andes (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador including the Galapagos Islands, and N Peru), and the coastal mountains of Venezuela and Trinidad (Malonek, 2002). The species usually grows on branches and twigs in evergreen rain forests, cloud forests, and scrub, between 1000 and 2500 m a.s.l. in the continent and at much lower elevation on the Galapagos Islands, where the species is quite common in moist evergreen woodlands between 250 and 750 m a.s.l. (Gradstein, 2009 (Ninh, 1984;Enroth, 1989). That range covers also Vanuatu, but it has not previously been reported from there. The specimen reported here was found in a herbarium folder marked "Neckeraceae indet." Circulifolium S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt consists of two species that were formerly placed in Homaliodendron M.Fleisch. section Circulifolia M.Fleisch. They differ clearly from Homaliodendron s.s. and are in fact more closely related to Caduciella Enroth and Himantocladium M.Fleisch. (Olsson et al., 2010 Cryphaea rutenbergii was reported from the Bale Mountains as C. robusta Broth. & Thér. but without any locality data (Miehe & Miehe, 1994). In the meantime Rao (2001) showed that C. robusta is conspecific with C. rutenbergii, a widely distributed but scattered East African species, extending from Ethiopia and Uganda to Malawi, with isolated occurrences in South Africa and Madagascar. The present locality is situated in the Oromia Region (formerly Bale Province) in central Ethiopia and this species is additionally known from two sites from the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region in southwestern Ethiopia (Rao, 2001). This is apparently the northernmost locality of this African endemic species, which is situated at its highest known altitude, all other records of the species being from the lower montane belt at an altitude of 1200-2400 m a.s.l. Ethiopia is bryologically the least known East African country and a number of interesting montane species have been discovered here in recent decades, especially in the Bale Mountains (e.g. Ochyra et al., 2000;Blockeel et al., 2001Blockeel et al., , 2004Ellis et al., 2012cEllis et al., , 2014 This species was hitherto known only from a few sites in Uganda and Kenya (Wigginton, 2009). A collection from Sierra Leone was described by Jones & Harrington (1983) as close to Cylindrocolea ugandica, but was not attributed with certainty to this species. The material from the Democratic Republic of Congo is fertile, with frequent perianths, and agrees well with the description and illustration provided in Wigginton (2004). Important diagnostic characters are the bilobed leaves divided to 0.3-0.4 of their length, denticulate female bracts, and wide-mouthed perianths.
13. Dicranella campylophylla (Taylor) A. Dicranella campylophylla is a circumholantarctic temperate species occurring in the southernmost parts of all continental land masses, including the western fringes of southern South America, South Africa, and south-eastern Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. Additionally, it penetrates into the Neotropics in South America where it occurs at altimontane elevations in the central (Peru) and northern (Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela) Andes, and also occurs in the maritime Antarctic (Ochyra & Newton, 1985;Ochyra, 1998;Ochyra et al., 2008a). The species was also known from all subantarctic islands, except for Îles Crozet, where it might be expected, since it is known from the coterminous archipelagoes of the Prince Edward Islands (Blockeel et al., 2003) and Îles Kerguelen (Ochyra & Newton, 1985). Thus, the present discovery of D. campylophylla in Île de la Possession, the largest island of this archipelago completes its geographical range in the subantarctic. This is a significant addition to the moss flora of Îles Crozet because they remain the least studied bryologically of all subantarctic islands, and until the early 1970s a mere 40 or so moss species were known from this archipelago. The exploratory activities in recent decades yielded many interesting moss discoveries (e.g. Blockeel et al., 2006aBlockeel et al., , 2007aBlockeel et al., , 2007bBlockeel et al., , 2010Cano, 2008;Ellis et al., 2013bEllis et al., , 2013d and as a result its moss flora now consists of over 70 species. As is the case on other subantarctic ( Van der Putten et al., 2004 and Antarctic (Birkenmajer et al., 1985) islands, the present plant and animal inhabitants of Îles Crozet may be relative newcomers, which colonised the archipelago through long distance dispersal after the Last Glacial Maximum.
14. Duthiella declinata ( The genus Duthiella Broth. in the family Meteoriaceae, is represented by four species in India, two from the Eastern Himalayas, and three from the Western Himalayas (Lal, 2005). Gangulee (1976) reported D. declinata from east Nepal, Java, the Philippines, Szechwan, and the Western Himalayas (Deoban, Mussoorie, Nainital, Simla), and it is here reported for the first time from the Eastern Himalayas.
The plants of Duthiella declinata formed yellowishbrown dense mats of procumbent, irregularly pinnately branched shoots with complanate, lanceolate leaves. With a broad base, the leaves possessed a single costa that ended below the leaf apex. Cells in the leaf apex were thick walled, rhomboidal to hexagonal, ∼10-15 × 4-5 μm; in mid leaf linear with a central papilla; marginal cells formed a clear projecting hyaline border, and basal cells were smooth with alar cells ∼10-11 × 10-11 μm. Sporophytes were not present.
Plants of Duthiella declinata show a close resemblance to those of Duthiella wallichii (Mitt.) Müll.Hal., but the latter species has very short to almost isodiametric rhomboidal cells in the leaf apex, rather than the much longer than broad cells found in D. declinata. The present locality is the westernmost in the Asiatic part of the geographical range of this species. It somewhat narrows, but does not fill the gap between Scandinavia (Torneträsk Area) and Svalbard, its easternmost localities in Europe (Horton, 1983), and the Asiatic part of the species distribution. The closest eastward localities for the species are in the Maymecha River valley (ca 70.66°N, 101.42°E) and in the Byrranga Mountains (ca 74.64°N, 99.58°E, Fedosov & Ignatova, 2005). Encalypta longicolla is also known from scattered localities in northern Yakutia and in Chukotka. The species is known to be rare throughout its range, especially in Europe and Asia, but is rather frequent in some places (Horton, 1983)  Fissidens Hedw. occurs in all the phytogeographical regions of India with 63 species and four varieties (Lal, 2005). Gangulee (1971) reported 15 species and two varieties from the Darjeeling district, but subsequently, the present authors have found 20 species here. Frullania subarctica was recently newly described (Vilnet et al., 2014), and differs from other species of Frullania Raddi and in particular F. tamarisci s.l. in possessing: (1) red-brown to blackish-brown or almost black colouration; (2) a stylus moderate in size, 5-8 cells long and 1(-2) cells wide; (3) a disc virtually absent or rarely 3(-5) cells long, and (4) altogether lacking, or possessing a short line of ocelli 2-5(-7) cells long and extending up to 1 3 of the leaf length. This is the first report of Frullania subarctica for Japan. The species has an arcto-montane, mainly Asian distribution (Vilnet et al., 2014). Currently this species is known from north Europe (Murmansk Province), Asia (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Yakutiya, Magadan, and Sakhalin Provinces), and North America (Alaska) (Vilnet et al., 2014;Fedosov et al., 2015). Plants are 6-8 cm and dark brown. Shoots are 1.5-2 mm wide, and leaves are up to 1 mm wide and 1.5 mm long. Leaf lobules are dark brown and often darker than the lobes. Mid-leaf cells are oval-elliptic, brown, and each cell includes 3-6 oil bodies. The plant is aromatic.

Encalypta longicolla
The leaves of Frullania teneriffae are very similar to those of F. tamarisci (L.) Dumort. However, there are no ocelli in the leaves of F. tenerifae, and this is the distinguishing feature.
19. Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. Funaria hygrometrica is cosmopolitan and found on all continents. F. hygrometrica var. calvescens (Schwägr.) Kindb., as well as the type variety are known from countries throughout Africa (O'Shea, 2006), but this is the first report of the species from Angola. The ecosystem where the collection was made is comprised of low Miombo woodland with deep and nutrient-poor Kalahari sands (Pröpper et al., 2015). Müller (2015)  There were no capsules present in the specimen, but juvenile perichaetial leaves carried conspicious hair points, which were absent from the leaves of sterile plants.
De Notaris first observed the species, which is easily recognisable in the field, on Sardinia in 1838. As is often the case within the genus Grimmia Hedw. there has been some debate on the validity of this specific taxon. De Notaris regarded the species a variety of G. crinita Brid. Later on it was also described as G. mesopotamica Schiffn., but currently G. capillata is the accepted name. The species is distributed from Spain (including the Balearic Islands), south of France, Sicily, Sardinia, Algeria, Tunisia to the Middle East (Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Turkmenistan) (Lo Giudice & Cristaudo, 1999), and Turkey (Uyar & Ű nal, 2005). More recently a record from Russia was reported (Ignatova & Muñoz, 2004). Although situated in the centre of distribution, this is the first record for the species on Corsica (Greven, 1995;Sotiaux et al. 2007Sotiaux et al. , 2008. Grimmia capillata is generally observed in synanthropic conditions. In this sense, this stand in Corsica is distinctive since it is situated in the middle of a forest, far away from buildings, but still on concrete. 21 Haplomitrium blumei is a wide-ranging, pantropical species. Its main distribution is in tropical Asia where it ranges from north-eastern India eastwards to Papua New Guinea (Bartholomew-Began, 1991). In tropical Africa the species has been recorded from three localities in eastern Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo) (Kahuzi-Biega) and adjacent Rwanda (Nyungwe forest, Gishwati forest) (Grolle, 1993). In the Neotropics, finally, H. blumei is known from a few localities in the northern Andes (Ecuador, northern Peru), Costa Rica, and the lesser Antillles (Martinique, Dominica, Guadeloupe) (Bartholomew-Began, 1991). The species is nowhere common, however, and in the northern Andes it is only known from only a few nineteenth century collections made by Richard Spruce and two recent gatherings made by the first contributor and his associates. Haplomitrium blumei usually grows on rotten wood or humus-covered rock in montane forests between (500-)1000 and 2300 m (below 1000 m in the lesser Antilles). In addition, there are a few records from higher elevation (New Guinea: 3550 m; Ecuador: 3900 m), all from shaded, boggy ground near the forest line. The record from the high Andes of Bolivia reported here is the first one from the Central Andes and the highest elevational record (4750 m) of the species. In fact, it is the highest locality for any member of the Haplomitriopsida (Haplomitrium, Treubia) worldwide. Its occurrence in an alpine cushion bog ("bofedal") in Bolivia is in good agreement with the ecology of the species elsewhere in tropic-alpine environments. Although the occurrence of H. blumei in Bolivia was briefly mentioned in the Guide to the Bryophytes of Tropical America , this record has been generally overlooked and was not included in the recent bryophyte catalogues of the country (Gradstein et al., 2003;Churchill et al., 2009). Note: the name of the species has frequently been misspelled "H. blumii" (e.g., Bartholomew-Began, 1991;Schuster, 2000;Stech & Frey, 2004) but the original spelling was "blumei" Homalothecium aureum has recently been collected in various places in the Republic of Montenegro. The species is easy to overlook, but can be distinguished from other Homalothecium species by the differentiated alar cells in its leaves.
With reference to Pavletić (1955), Sabovljević et al. (2008) and Ros et al. (2013), H. aureum appears to be new to Montenegro. Frahm (2012) classed H. aureum as a typical Mediterranean species, and indeed all three localities recorded above experience a Mediterranean climate and support characteristic Mediterranean vegetation. The species occurred on rocky soil, on soil in rock crevices, and also on tree trunks. It is probably more widespread in Montenegro.
Bednarek-Ochyra and M. Lebouvier Îles Kerguelen: Golfe du Morbihan, Île Australia, north-eastern coast of the southern part of the island, south of Anse des Macrocystis, over Passe de l'Aventure, in the saddle between the plateau '151' and small eastern cliff overlooking Lac Alicia, 49°28 ′ 34.9 ′′ S, 69°63 ′ 05.5 ′′ E, alt. ca 110 m a.s.l., on detritus in grassland dominated by Festuca contracta Kirk with an admixture of Acaena magellanica (Lam.) Vahl., in a dry, insolated, and sheltered situation, associated with Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid., Bryum argenteum Hedw., and Syntrichia magellanica So far, Leptodontium proliferum was known to occur in the Prince Edward Islands (Zanten, 1971) and Îles Crozet (Ellis et al., 2015) in the Kerguelen Biogeographical Province of the Subantarctic in the South Indian Ocean. It is a frequent species in the coastal areas, growing in tussock grasslands of Poa cookii (Hook.f.) Hook.f. which are strongly affected by marine birds and enriched with nitrogen. Herein, the geographical range of L. proliferum is extended to Îles Kerguelen. In contrast to the two former archipelagoes it is very rare here but it thrives in similar habitats. The discovery of this species represents an interesting addition to the moss flora of Îles Kerguelen which are the largest and oldest archipelago of all subantarctic islands. Its moss flora consists of nearly 140 species, many of which have been discovered during the recent bryological survey of this area (e.g. Bednarek- Ochyra & Ochyra, 1998;Ochyra & Poulsen, 2003;Blockeel et al., 2009;Ellis et al., 2012b;Ochyra et al., 2014). Leptodontium proliferum is an Afro-American montane species which is widely distributed in the Neotropics where it ranges at altimontane elevations in the Cordillera from Mexico to Bolivia (Zander, 1994). On the other hand, the species is very rare in mainland Africa where so far it has been only once collected from Lesotho in southern Africa (Porley & Edwards, 2010). This type of distribution is typical of over 80 species of moss (e.g. Allen & Crosby, 1986;Ochyra et al., 1992;Zomlefer, 1993;Atwood, 2015;Jimenez et al., 2015). 24. Leucodon pendulus Lindb. The plants were slender, brownish-green, with secondary branches 2-3 cm long and 0.8-1 mm wide, supporting ovate leaves that were 2-2.5 mm long. Mid-leaf cells were linear and 50-70 μm long. Perichaetial leaves were 4-4.5 mm long, and the inner perichaetial leaves were narrowly oblong and gradually acuminate.
Leucodon pendulus differs from other Leucodon species by its possession of large perichaetial leaves, curved pendulous branches, and having no central strand in the stem.
In Turkey, Leucodon was represented by four taxa (L. flagellaris Broth., L. immersus Lindb., L. sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr. var. morensis (Schwägr.) De Not., L. sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr. var. sciuroides) (Uyar & Çetin, 2004;Kürschner & Erdag, 2005;Batan et al., 2014). Leucodon pendulus can now be added to the moss flora of Turkey. It was known previously from China, Japan, Korea, Russia, and Antarctica (Noguchi & Iwatsuki, 1989;Frey et al., 2006;Kürschner & Frey, 2011;Ros et al., 2013;Batan et al., 2014; This species is widespread in tropical Africa. It is known from West Africa, the Congo Basin, and from East Africa southwards to Zambia; furthermore the species is reported from Madagascar and Socotra (Wigginton, 2009 This species has a disjunctive distribution in the Holarctic, mostly associated with coastal areas of Europe, Asia, and the North American west. It generally demonstrates an "asymmetric amphioceanic" pattern, with wider distribution in western North America and Europe and a more restricted distribution in NE Asia and Atlantic North America. According to Jamieson (1976Jamieson ( , 2014, it does not occur in Atlantic North America. However, Allen (1979) reported it in Pennsylvania, and Goldberg (2003) recorded it for Greenland. It can be considered as a kind of west-western disjunction (Schofield, 1988) with additional extensions. The new locality for the species is more than 2000 km distant from the closest places where it occurs in Europe (Kola Peninsula) and in Asia (Yakutia, both according to Czernyadjeva, 2003), and so partially fills the gap in its distribution. Local climatic conditions on the high, west facing slopes of the Putorana Plateau are wet, due to rain swept in by Atlantic cyclones. These local factors over-ride the regional macroclimate.
27. Philonotis thwaitesii Mitt.  In India Philonotis Brid. occurs in the Himalayas and Western Ghats. There are 25 species and one variety reported from India (Lal, 2005), and Gangulee (1974) recorded eight species from the Darjeeling district of West Bengal.
Philonotis thwaitesii is recorded in the Eastern and Western Himalayas, and in a few localities in the Western Ghats. It is reported here for the first time from the Darjeeling district, West Bengal. The plants showed the key features of the species: slender shoots with stiffly erect leaves, which possessed an excurrent costa and narrowly recurved margins.
28 Plagiochila fastigiata is a rare neotropical species that is only known from Mexico and Costa Rica. In Mexico the species is rather widespread and has been recorded from the states of Chiapas, Guerrreo, Oaxaca, and Veracruz, where it occurs on tree trunks in humid evergreen forests at elevations between about 700-2500 m (Fulford & Sharp, 1990;Gradstein, pers. obs.). In Costa Rica the species is known from one locality, in the province of San José at 700-800 m (Holz et al., 2001). The new record from Colombia is the southernmost locality of the species and the first one from the Andes. Plagiochila fastigiata is readily recognised by the strongly undulate ventral leaf margin and entire ventral leaf base. The species is closely related to P. corrugata (Nees) Mont. & Nees from Brazil and East Africa, but in the latter species the ventral leaf base is toothed (Heinrichs et al., 2004). Plagiochila fastigiata also approaches the common neotropical P. raddiana Lindenb. but in the latter species the leaves are more elongate (1.5-2.5 × longer than wide) and the ventral leaf margin is not undulate.
The plants were erect, 3-5 cm high, with the margins of the leaves serrate above the sheathing base and lamellae covering the ventral leaf surface. Seen in cross-section, lamellae were 5-7 cells high, the apical cells pyriform with thickened papillose walls. Immature capsules were present, still enclosed in their calyptrae. Pseudephemerum nitidum has a subcosmopolitan distribution and is widespread throughout Europe (Frey et al., 2006). This is the first record of this species for Corsica (Sotiaux et al., 2007(Sotiaux et al., , 2008. Riccia rhenana is closely related to R. fluitans and is the diploid form of the latter (Berrie, 1964). Terrestrial forms of R. rhenana differ from R. fluitans in: (1) more robust thalli vs. more delicate in R. fluitans; (2) wider thallus lobes, 0.8-1.2 mm vs. 0.3-1 mm wide in R. fluitans; (3) cross-section 4-7-times wider than thick vs. 3-6 times wider than thick in R. fluitans; (4) larger air-chambers, to 750 μm long and 150-350 μm wide vs. smaller up to 300 μm long and 70-150 μm wide in R. fluitans. This is the first report of Riccia rhenana in Japan. The species has a mainly temperate circumpolar distribution (Damsholt, 2002). Its distribution is probably poorly understood owing to its close relationship to R. fluitans. The nearest locations in Asia are known from Russian Siberia: Omsk Province (Mamontov, 2007), Tomsk Province (Taran et al., 2006), Khakassia Republic (Potemkin & Volobaev, 2008), and the Yakutiya Republic (Sofronova, 2007 Sematophyllum Mitt. is one of the smallest genera in the moss flora of Turkey. In south-west Asia, the genus is represented by two taxa (S. demissum (Wilson) Mitt. and S. socotrense W.R.Buck); only S. demissum has been reported from Turkey (Uyar & Çetin, 2004;Kürschner & Erdag, 2005;Kürschner & Frey, 2011;Ros et al., 2013). Herein, S. micans is added to the moss flora of Turkey, and to those of Mediterranian and south-west Asia. The species was already known from Belgium, France, Germany, Indonesia, Philippines, Hawaii, China, Ireland, United Kingdom, British Columbia, eastern North America, Mexico, and South America (Smith, 2004;Jia et al., 2005).
Sematophyllum micans resembles S. demissum and Hypnum andoi A.J.E.Smith, but S. micans grows on acidic rocks and is distinguished from S. demissum by having ovate leaves with margins which are denticulate distally, and a double costa that extends 1/4-1/3 up the leaf. Hypnum andoi lacks the glossy sheen and golden-green colour of S. micans.  (Vianna, 1981;Hässel de Menendez & Rubies, 2009;Gradstein, in press). In addition, there is an old, doubtful report of S. michelii Bellardi from northern Argentina (Hässel de Menendez & Rubies, 2009) and a record of an unidentified species of Sphaerocarpos from Lima (Atocongo), Perú (Carrillo & Chanco, 1971). The latter report is of considerable phytogeographical interest since it is the only record of the genus, and of the order Sphaerocarpales as a whole, from within the boundaries of the Tropics; all other occurrences of this order are from subtropical and warm-temperate regions (e.g., Schuster, 1992). Unfortunately, the material from Peru has been lost and the species has remained undetermined (Bischler et al., 2005). On 17 September 2015, during a fieldtrip with students in the coastal hills of the protected "Lomas de Paraíso" Nature Reserve in the southern part of the city of Lima (District Villa María del Triunfo), the second author discovered a large population of Sphaerocarpos. The material had mature spore tetrads and was identified as S. texanus based on the large areoles (averaging 20 μm) and tetrad margins without spines. Although the tetrads were only ca 100 μm in diameter and smaller than usual in this species (120-170 μm), similar populations of S. texanus with small tetrads have been reported (e.g., Müller, 1951Müller, -1958Schuster, 1992), and according to McGregor (1955) tetrad size is of little use separating S. texanus from S. michelii, which normally has smaller tetrads (90-130 μm). The tetrads of the latter species are readily separated from those of S. texanus by the much smaller areoles and the spinose margins. Sphaerocarpos texanus was growing on open, exposed loamy soil together with an unidentified species of Riccia. The new locality is very near to Atocongo, where Sphaerocarpos was recorded by Carrillo & Chanco (1971). It may therefore be assumed that the material collected by the latter authors also belonged to S. texanus. This is the first report of Stegonia latifolia in the Barton Peninsula, although the species was previously known from King George Island. Stegonia latifolia is one of the rarest and smallest species of the Antarctic moss flora. It is a bipolar species with widespread ranges in the northern hemisphere. In Antarctica, this species was known at only three localities (Signy Island, Bransfield Strait, and Marguerite Bay). In the Antarctic, S. latifolia usually grows on calcareous soil amongst stones or on soilcovered ledges (Ochyra et al., 2008a). Along the seacoast, near an area of glacial retreat in the Barton Peninsula, it was distributed on rocks covered by thin soil. Stegonia latifolia is easily distinguished from other Antarctic species by its pale whitishgreen, bud-like plants with spoon-shaped leaves.
The locality of Tayloria serrata in Bulgaria is situated in Rila National Park. Nevertheless, it is severely threatened by the on-going intensive construction of ski facilities in the region. The area of the Musala cirque is relatively well known bryologically, having being studied by local and foreign bryologists (Velenovsky, 1902;Podpéra, 1911;Simon & Vajda, 1959;Meinunger, 1975;Düll, 1999;Natcheva, 2007). Therefore, it is unclear whether T. serrata is a recent migrant or an overlooked extremely rare member of Bulgarian flora. Considering the arcto-alpine distribution of T. serrata on the one hand, and the general trend of global warming on the other, the second possibility seems more likely. The current location lies at the southern border of the distribution range of the species. During the annual general bryophyte and lichen collecting trip from the Department of Botany at the Swedish Museum of Natural History in 2015, we visited a remote area close to the Norwegian border in west-central Lappland. While collecting at the lower portion of an escarpment, a small Tortella species with numerous broken leaves was encountered, growing partly intermixed with Anomobryum julaceum (P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.) Schimp. on a periodically wet rock. Subsequent study revealed that the Tortella specimen had all the characteristics of T. alpicola, including a distinct central strand in the stem, upper leaf lamina cells 10.0-14.5 μm wide, and the few semi-intact narrow upper leaf portions that are present have a papillose dorsal costa and display constrictions at one or several places. This is the first finding of Tortella alpicola from Sweden, but in Scandinavia the species had already been found in southern Norway in 2004 (Hassel & Høitomt, 2013 In the field, Tritomaria exsecta may be easily confused with T. exsectiformis (Breidl.) Loeske. The main differences are the following: (i) leaf cells with ± thickened walls, trigones absent versus strongly distinct trigones in T. exsectiformis and (ii) small ellipsoidal gemmae versus larger, polygonal to pyriform in T. exsectiformis.
The species has a boreal circumpolar distribution (Konstantinova, 2000), and the present record is probably its northernmost location in the world. Tritomaria exsecta is new to the Republic of Karelia, and its nearest locations in Europe are in the Komi Republic (Dulin, 2007), Archangelsk (Zickendrath, 1900), and Leningrad (Potemkin & Andrejeva, 1999 Vittia pachyloma is a rheophytic moss growing attached to rocks and stones in montane streams, brooks, and rivers, usually in swiftly flowing water or on otherwise wet rocks. Consequently, it exhibits some adaptations to this type of habitat, of which the most important are the presence of multistratose fleshy limbidia extending from the leaf base to the apex (Ochyra, 1987a;Ochyra & Shevock, 2012;Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra, 2012b), variously bistratose laminal cells (Ochyra, 1985a;Ochyra & Vanderpoorten, 1999) and strong and salient, multistratose costae (Ochyra, 1985b(Ochyra, , 2013. V. pachyloma is an Afro-American montane species which is widespread and abundant at the western fringes of southern South America and extends to scattered localities along the Andean chain to Colombia in the northern Andes. In addition, it occurs in south-eastern Brazil and in the Falkland Islands (Ochyra, 1987b). Outside South America it is relatively frequent on subantarctic South Georgia (Ochyra & Lightowlers, 1988), in South Africa and subantarctic Îles Kerguelen (Ochyra, 1987b). In Chile, V. pachyloma is a very widespread and common species, ranging from V Región Valparaíso to XII Región Magallanes, and its frequency and abundance is increasing southwards (Ochyra, 1987b). In the IX Región Aysén it has hitherto been recorded only from the northern Provinces of Aysén and Coyhaique (Müller, 2009) and herein it is reported for the first time from Capitán Prat Province in the central part of this Región.